中医药文献检索和知识发现系统

国际标准化组织（ISO）于近期编制完成了一部专门面向中医药领域的文献—元数据技术规范草案,它将在中医药文献资源的保护和利用中发挥基础性作用。为促进该规范的推广应用,开发了一套中医药文献检索与知识发现系统,它基于万维网实现了文献管理、文献检索及知识发现等功能,用于演示该规范及相关的信息资源在中医药文献处理方面的应用方法和应用效果。     

我国中医知识库研究回顾与展望

通过阐述我国中医知识库的主要发展历程,分析我国中医知识库的需求和发展趋势,指出未来服务于现代中医个体诊疗体系的中医知识库,需要通过不同领域知识的交叉融合,借助先进的人工智能技术和知识管理理念,构建一个具备知识获取、应用、评价等知识管理功能的大型、通用、智能决策型知识库。     

面向临床应用的知识库平台设计

借鉴本体论及数理逻辑来表示知识模式,开发了知识通用逻辑引擎及专题知识引擎来处理应用逻辑,充分利用医院集成平台的优势,研发设计一种能够覆盖大部分临床应用需要的知识库平台体系结构,辅助医疗决策过程,并保障医疗安全.     

基于知识库的手术操作分类ICD-9-CM3系统设计

电子病历改变了病历载体的存储方式,创新了病案管理模式,其中电子首页的疾病诊断和手术操作信息正确填写成为关注的焦点。手术分类ICD-9-CM3是专业知识、技术性极强的工作,要求熟悉分类编码规则。分析了临床医师在医生工作站填写首页的手术信息,由于跨专业的限制和复杂多样临床情况等因素,常出现各种填写错误的情况,降低了电子病历数据分析与挖掘的准确性,提出只有依靠信息技术,建立基于知识库的手术操作分类（ICD-9-CM3）系统,设计手术操作编码知识库的系统结构及操作流程,对手术信息的填写进行核查、提示和指导,实现正确填写手术信息,达到不断减少错误,提高病案信息资源的利用。     

基层部队医务人员突发公共卫生事件相关法律知识知晓情况调查

目的了解河南省基层部队卫勤机构医务人员对突发公共卫生事件相关法律知晓情况并探讨影响因素。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,对基层部队卫勤机构工作人员进行问卷调查。结果医务人员《条例》知晓率为79.0%,突发事件报告时限知晓率72.4%,新规传染病病种知晓率仅38.0%;Logistic回归分析显示影响认知水平的主要因素为性别、文化程度、职业、培训。结论卫勤机构医务人员对突发公共卫生事件相关法律法规认知水平有待提升,重点需要加强女性及低学历水平的医务人员相关法律法规的宣传和培训。     

基于临床决策支持系统与知识库的临床数据中心的研究与应用

临床数据中心作为电子病历（EMR）的重要组成部分,是目前医院信息化建设的重点,也代表着今后医疗信息化应用的一个方向。建设临床数据中心需要有临床决策支持系统与临床知识库的支撑,这也是进一步深化EMR系统功能的需要。本文结合我国医疗信息化建设的发展现状,主要对临床决策支持系统与知识库在数据中心建设中的应用,以及存在的问题进行了分析。     

临床护理人员获得艾滋病防治知识的方式调查

目的通过对临床护士愿意接受的艾滋病相关知识的来源方式进行调查,探讨适合临床需求,可以在临床护士中推广的艾滋病健康教育模式,为艾滋病防控工作提供参考。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法抽取不同医院级别、不同科室的450名临床护士进行问卷调查,对调查结果进行统计分析,并将分析结果与临床护士现实的学习途径进行比较。结果临床护理人员愿意接受的排在前三位的艾滋病知识培训方式是:第一位,医院组织培训活动(57.24%),第二位,专家讲座(12.44%),第三位,宣传材料(7.47%)。结论临床护士希望主要通过医院组织培训、专家讲座获得艾滋病防治知识,与目前护士实际的艾滋病相关知识获得途径不一致。     

太谷县城乡居民癫痫病知识知晓情况调查分析

目的：了解城乡居民对癫痫病知识的知晓情况。方法：以太谷县城市和农村为调查现场,随机抽取294例城区和426例农村居民作为调查对象,采用自行设计的《太谷县百姓癫痫病知识知晓调查问卷》进行问卷调查,问卷现场填写。结果：癫痫发病原因、能否治好、癫痫正规治疗能否控制等癫痫病知识的知晓率城区和农村居民差异均有统计学意义（ P〈0.05）。而听说过癫痫、癫痫发作的症状城市和农村居民知晓率差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。6种职业对癫痫病正规治疗知识的知晓率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：农村居民对癫痫病知识的知晓情况不如城区居民,6种职业对癫痫病正规治疗知识的知晓情况有差别。     

Australian emergency doctors' and nurses' acceptance and knowledge regarding brain death: a national survey

Healthcare staff's acceptance of brain death (BD) being a valid determination of death is essential for optimized organ and tissue donation (OTD) rates. Recently, resources to increase Australian OTD rates have been aimed at emergency departments (ED) as a significant missed donor potential was discovered. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess Australian ED clinicians' acceptance and knowledge regarding BD. Most (86%) of the 599 medical and 212 nursing staff accepted BD, but only 60% passed a 5-item-validated BD knowledge tool. BD knowledge was related to the acceptance of BD. Accepting BD influenced attitudes toward OTD, including willingness to donate. BD acceptance and knowledge were related to education/training regarding OTD, years of experience in EDs, experience with OTD-related tasks, and increased perceived competence and comfort with OTD-related tasks. Of concern, more than half of respondents who did not pass the BD test reported feeling competent and comfortable explaining BD to next of kin; of respondents who had recent experience with this, more than a third failed the BD test. Despite being generally positive toward OTD, Australian ED clinicians do not have a sound knowledge of BD. This may be hampering efforts to increase donation rates from the ED.     

The presence of resuscitation equipment and influencing factors at General Practitioners’ offices in Denmark: A cross-sectional study

Background

Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) have proven effective when used by GPs. Despite this and the latest guidelines from the European Resuscitation Council, there are no recommendations for Danish GPs regarding proper equipment to treat cardiac arrest. Currently, there are no published data on the distribution of AEDs among GPs in Denmark.

Aim

To assess the prevalence of resuscitation equipment and educated staff among Danish GPs and the parameters influencing the absence of AEDs at GP offices.

Methods

A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey among the 2030 GPs registered in Denmark. Questions concerned demographics, occurrence of resuscitation equipment and attitude towards acquisition of an AED.

Results

With a response rate >70%, we found that the prevalence of AEDs in GP offices is low (31.7%). Limited financial possibilities and relevant treatment by ambulance personnel were stated as the primary causes for not having an AED. In general, Danish primary care physicians believe that AEDs should be governmentally sponsored. Positive influential factors on the acquisition of an AED were education, number of physicians in the GP office and previous experience of cardiac arrest.

Conclusions

Danish primary care physicians are generally not equipped with AEDs despite the proven effect of AEDs in GP offices. The main reasons for not acquiring an AED are financial considerations and believing that response time by ambulance services and nearby health facilities are the optimal treatment. We recommend better education and information in order to facilitate future acquisition of AEDs among GPs.