粗齿兔耳风提取物利尿活性及其机制

目的：研究粗齿兔耳风提取物对大鼠的利尿作用并探讨其机制。方法：将大鼠随机分为5组,每组6只,兔耳风提取物高、中、低剂量（2.5,10,20 g·kg^-1）和呋塞米（10 mg·kg^-1）灌胃给药。第1次给药后,收集大鼠1,2,4,6,24 h的尿液,研究并比较各给药组对大鼠排尿量和尿中Na⁺,K⁺,Cl^-排泄量的影响。连续给药8 d,取其肾脏研究各给药组对肾髓质水通道蛋白（AQP）₁,AQP₂,AQP₃的mRNA表达影响。结果：与正常组比较,单次给药后粗齿兔耳风提取物在4 h后能明显增加大鼠的尿液量,24 h尿液中Na⁺,K⁺,Cl^-的浓度明显增加。每天给药1次,给药8 d后与正常组比较,粗齿兔耳风提取物给药组能显著下调大鼠肾髓质水通道蛋白AQP₂的mRNA表达,对AQP₃的mRNA表达也有一定的下调作用,对AQP₁的mRNA表达调节作用则无显著性差异。结论：粗齿兔耳风提取物具有利尿作用,促进Na⁺,K⁺,Cl^-的排泄和抑制水通道蛋白AQP₂,AQP₃mRNA表达是其可能机制。     

Genomic analyses of the Daphnia pulex peptidome

Genome mining has provided a valuable tool for peptide discovery in many species, yet no crustacean has undergone this analysis. Currently, the only crustacean with a sequenced genome is the cladoceran Daphnia pulex, a model organism in many fields of biology. Here, we have mined the D. pulex genome for peptide-encoding genes. For each gene identified, the encoded precursor protein was deduced, and its mature peptides predicted. Twenty-four peptide-encoding genes were identified, including ones predicted to produce members of the A-type allatostatin, B-type allatostatin, C-type allatostatin, allatotropin (ATR), bursicon α, bursicon β, calcitonin-like diuretic hormone, corazonin, crustacean cardioactive peptide, crustacean hyperglycemic hormone, ecdysis-triggering hormone, eclosion hormone (EH), insulin-like peptide (ILP), molt-inhibiting hormone, neuropeptide F, orcokinin (two genes), pigment-dispersing hormone, proctolin, red pigment concentrating hormone/adipokinetic hormone (RPCH/AKH), short neuropeptide F, SIFamide, sulfakinin, and tachykinin-related peptide (TRP) families/subfamilies. In total, 96 peptides were predicted from these genes. Our identification of isoforms of corazonin, EH, ILP, proctolin, RPCH/AKH, sulfakinin and TRP are the first for D. pulex, while our prediction of ATR from this species is the first from any crustacean. The number of peptides predicted in our study shows the power of genome mining for peptide discovery, and provides a model for future genomic analyses of the peptidomes of other crustaceans. In addition, the data presented in our study provide foundations for future molecular, biochemical, anatomical, and physiological investigation of peptidergic signaling in D. pulex and other cladoceran species.     

氢氯噻嗪联合厄贝沙坦片治疗轻中度高血压68例疗效观察

目的:探讨氢氯噻嗪联合厄贝沙坦片治疗轻中度高血压的临床疗效。方法:选择2008年3月～2010年2月已确诊的轻中度原发性高血压患者136例,将其按就诊先后顺序随机分为观察组和对照组各68例。对照组予以口服厄贝沙坦片片4mg,1次/d;观察组在对照组口服厄贝沙坦片治疗基础上加服氢氯噻嗪片12.5mg,1次/d。两组患者均为晨起口服,疗程均为2个月。结果:观察组总有效率82.35%,对照组总有效率66.18%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组和对照组治疗后的收缩压和舒张压均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.01),且观察组治疗后的收缩压和舒张压与对照组比较显著降低,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组心率变化治疗前后比较差异无统计学意义(P<0.05),均无血尿酸的增加和低血钠,治疗前后两项指标变化比较差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:厄贝沙坦片、氢氯噻嗪和二者联合均能有效控制血压,但联合用药对轻中度高血压患者降压效果更显著,且耐受性和安全性好。     

伞骨草利尿抗炎活性及急性毒性研究＊

目的 研究伞骨草水提物的利尿和抗炎作用，以及利尿后对电解质平衡、糖代谢及肾脏功能的影响，并对伞骨草水提物安全性进行初步评价。方法 采用小鼠代谢笼法，检测盐水负荷小鼠在给药6 h后的排尿量，并分析小鼠尿液中离子浓度、血清中糖原、尿素氮和肌酐的变化；采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀法，计算耳廓肿胀度及肿胀抑制率，角叉菜胶致大鼠足趾肿胀法，计算足趾肿胀率，小鼠急性毒性试验初步评价伞骨草水提物的安全性。结果 与对照组比较，伞骨草水提物能明显增加小鼠的排尿量，尿液中K⁺、Cl^-的浓度明显增加，高剂量组Na⁺、Ca²⁺浓度明显增加；伞骨草对小鼠血清中的糖原、尿素氮和肌酐均无明显影响；伞骨草中、高剂量对二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓肿胀和角叉菜胶所致大鼠足趾肿胀具有明显的抑制作用；伞骨草水提物24 h内小鼠单次灌胃给药急性毒性试验的LD₅₀为：12.33 g·kg^-1（相当于生药82.15 g·kg^-1），动物在4 h内出现毒性反应，主要表现为主要表现为腹泻、俯卧、竖毛、运动失调、死亡，腹泻至给药第2天恢复。结论 伞骨草水提物具有明显的利尿和抗炎作用，并且对机体的血糖水平和肾脏功能无明显影响。     

痛风舒浸膏粉利尿作用及镇痛作用研究

目的：观察痛风舒浸膏粉对冰醋酸致小鼠炎性疼痛以及热刺激疼痛的镇痛作用和对正常大鼠的利尿作用。方法：用扭体法观察对冰醋酸致小鼠炎性疼痛、用热板法观察小鼠对热刺激疼痛的镇痛作用。用代谢笼法观察痛风舒对正常大鼠尿液的影响。结果：痛风舒浸膏粉在3.6g/kg、1.8g/kg有明显的镇痛作用。在2.4g/kg、1.2g/kg对大鼠均有利尿以及促进Na^ 、K^ 、CL^-排泄的作用。结论：痛风舒浸膏粉对冰醋酸致小鼠炎性疼痛和热刺激疼痛有镇痛作用；对正常大鼠有利尿作用和促进Na^ 、K^ 、CL^-排泄。     

Antiinflammatory, Diuretic and Antimicrobial Activities of Rungia pectinata Linn. and Rungia repens Nees

The hydroalcoholic extracts prepared from leaves of Rungia pectinata and Rungia repens were investigated for antiinflammatory and diuretic activity in wistar rats. The results obtained were compared with that of standard drug aspirin and frusemide for their antiinflammatory and diuretic activity respectively. The acute toxicity study was also carried out using adult swiss albino mice of either sex which indicates the safety of the extracts even at a dose of 4000 mg/kg. R. pectinata showed better anti-inflammatory activity than R. repens. In the present study, it was demonstrated that hydroalcoholic extracts of both R. repens and R. pectinata produce diuretic effect by increasing the excretion of Na(+), K(+) and Cl(-). Results showed that R. repens is most effective in increasing urinary electrolyte concentration of Na(+) and K(+) ions. The antimicrobial potency of the aerial parts of Rungia pectinata and Rungia repens have been studied using the petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, acetone and ethanol extract against a wide number of bacteria and fungi by disc diffusion method. The ethanol extract at a concentration of 30 to 60 μg/disc showed significant activity against the bacteria and fungus investigated. All the extracts of R. pectinata and R. repens have got moderate action but chloroform and acetone extracts of R. repens and ethanol extract of R. pectinata have got significant activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes.     

Effect of Antihypertensive Therapy on Aortic Distensibility in Patients with Essential Hypertension: Comparison with Trichlormethiazide, Nicardipine and Alacepril

To assess the effect of antihypertensive drugs on aortic distensibility, we evaluated the aortic distensibility of 33 hypertensive patients before and after antihypertensive treatment by using cine magnetic resonance imaging. Thirty three hypertensive patients were divided into three groups and treated for 12 weeks with 2–4 mg trichlormethiazide per day (n = 10), 80 mg nicardipine per day (n = 13) and 50 mg alacepril per day (n = 10). There were no significant differences in mean age and mean blood pressure among the three groups. Cine magnetic resonance was performed at ascending and descending aortic levels. Aortic area was measured at the maximum and minimum frames. The effect of antihypertensive therapy on aortic distensibility was evaluated as the percent change from before treatment to after treatment. There were no significant differences in pulse pressure before and after treatment with trichlormethiazide, nicardipine and alacepril. After treatment with these drugs, mean blood pressure in all groups decreased (trichlormethiazide and nicardipine, P < .01; alacepril, P < .05), (the maximum area - the minimum area) and aortic distensibility in all groups increased significantly (each P < .01). Percent changes in aortic distensibility after treatment were significantly higher with nicardipine (ascending, 346.6 ± 255.9%; descending, 338.8 ± 246.5%, each P < .05) and alacepril (ascending, 369.7 ± 238.8%, P < .05; descending, 306.9 ± 123.3%, P < .01) than with trichlormethiazide (ascending, 146.0 ± 139.6%; descending, 129.3 ± 97.5%). In conclusion, nicardipine and alacepril have a beneficial effect on aortic distensibility.