Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus among Farmed Pigs,Ukraine

An outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhea occurred in the summer of 2014 in Ukraine, severely affecting piglets <10 days of age; the mortality rate approached 100%. Full genome sequencing showed the virus to be closely related to strains reported from North America, showing a sequence identity of up to 99.8%.     

Development of a duplex SYBR GreenⅠ based real-time PCR assay for detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine bocavirus3/4/5

The duplex real-time PCR assay based on SYBR Green І was developed for detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine bocavirus (PBoV) 3/4/5 genotypes simultaneously. Two pairs of specific primers were designed targeting the N gene sequence of PEDV and VP1 gene sequence of PBoV3/4/5. PEDV and PBoV3/4/5 could be distinguished by their different melting temperatures (Tm) in one sample. The Tm value of PEDV was 83.5 °C, and the Tm value of PBoV3/4/5 was 78.5 °C, while other swine pathogens showed no specific melting peaks. The detection limits of this assay were 10 copies/μL for both PEDV and PBoV3/4/5. A total of sixty-three intestinal tissue samples were collected from piglets suffering from diarrhea, and the viral nucleic acids detected and identified by the real-time PCR assay and conventional PCR assay. The duplex real-time PCR detection results showed that the prevalence of PEDV and PBoV3/4/5 was 85.7% and 46%, respectively, and the co-infection rate of the two viruses was 28.6%. These results indicated that this duplex real-time PCR assay was a sensitive, specific and reproducible method for differentiating PEDV and PBoV3/4/5 or their co-infection.     

参苓白术散加减对β-内酰胺类抗菌药物性腹泻患儿免疫功能及肠道菌群的分析

目的探讨参苓白术散加减对β-内酰胺类抗菌药物性腹泻(AAD)患儿免疫功能及肠道菌群的分析。方法选取2017年2月~2018年9月收治的90例β-内酰胺类抗菌药物性腹泻患儿作为研究对象,使用随机数表法将其随机等分为研究组与对照组,对照组45例给予常规西医治疗,研究组在对照组治疗基础上给予参苓白术散加减治疗,观察其对两组患儿免疫功能及肠道菌群的影响,临床疗效情况。结果研究组的临床疗效情况显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗后其CD4+/CD8+、CD4+、IgA、IgG免疫功能指标均得到显著改善,研究组患儿的各项指标改善度明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗后PCT、血清二胺氧化酶、sIgA含量及粪便球/杆菌比例水平均有所改善,研究组的改善情况明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论参苓白术散加减治疗对β-内酰胺类抗菌药物性腹泻患儿的疗效明显,改善免疫功能和肠道菌群。     

基于16S rRNA测序研究葛根芩连汤对菌群失调性腹泻大鼠肠道菌群结构的影响

目的 采用16S rRNA技术研究葛根芩连汤对菌群失调性腹泻大鼠肠道菌群结构的影响。方法 将60只健康SD大鼠随机分为6组，分别为正常组、模型组、葛根芩连汤高、中、低剂量组，丽珠肠乐组，每组10只。除正常组外，每日按头孢拉定178.6 mg·kg^-1，硫酸庆大霉素31.25 mg·kg^-1混合抗生素进行灌胃造模，造模成功后，葛根芩连汤高、中、低剂量组灌胃葛根芩连汤（7.02，3.51，1.755 g·kg^-1），丽珠肠乐组按0.125 g·kg^-1灌胃，正常组与模型组给予无菌蒸馏水灌胃，体积分数均为10 mL·kg^-1，连续给药7 d，将大鼠麻醉后取大鼠结肠内容物，提取粪便DNA后进行16S rRNA高通量测序并分析其结果。结果 葛根芩连汤明显调节菌群失调性腹泻模型大鼠的物种数量及Alpha与Beta多样性，提高菌群生物丰富度指数与多样性指数，正向调节菌群失调性腹泻模型大鼠的3种差异菌门（厚壁菌门、变形菌门、拟杆菌门）与14种差异菌属（拟杆菌属、狄氏副拟杆菌属、布劳特氏菌属等）。结论 葛根芩连汤对菌群失调性腹泻模型大鼠肠道菌群有调节作用，揭示了肠道菌群与菌群失调性腹泻之间的生理病理机制。     

A novel p.Gly417Valfs*12 mutation in the MTTP gene causing abetalipoproteinemia: Presentation of the first patient in Mexico and analysis of the previously reported cases

BackgroundOur aims were to describe the first Mexican patient with abetalipoproteinemia and to perform a comparative analysis of biochemical, clinical, and genetic characteristics of 100 cases reported in the literature.MethodsWe performed biochemical and molecular screenings in a Mexican girl with extremely low lipid levels and in her family. Further, we integrated and evaluated the characteristics of the cases with abetalipoproteinemia described in the literature.ResultsOur patient is a six‐year‐old girl who presented vomiting, chronic diarrhea, failure to thrive, malabsorption, acanthocytosis, anemia, transaminases elevation, and extremely low lipid levels. MTTP gene sequencing revealed homozygosity for a novel mutation p.Gly417Valfs*12 (G deletion c.1250). With the analysis of the reported cases, 60 clinical features (14 classical and 46 non‐classical) were observed, being the most common acanthocytosis (57.5%), malabsorption (43.7%), and diarrhea (42.5%); 48.8% of the patients presented only classic clinical features, while the remaining 51.2% developed secondary effects due to a fat‐soluble vitamin deficiency. An odds ratio analysis disclosed that patients diagnosed after 10 years of age have an increased risk for presenting clinical complications (OR = 18.0; 95% CI 6.0‐54.1, p < 0.0001). A great diversity of mutations in MTTP has been observed (n = 76, being the most common p.G865X and p.N139_E140) and some of them with possible residual activity.ConclusionThe first Mexican patient with abetalipoproteinemia presents a novel MTTP mutation p.Gly417Valfs*12. Three factors that could modulate the phenotype in abetalipoproteinemia were identified: age at diagnosis, treatment, and the causal mutation.     

Alkaline phosphatase: An old enzyme newly discovered as a medicine

Alkaline phosphatase (AP), a non-toxic natural compound (enzyme) has a great potential to replace or avoid the use of various drugs, in particular anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g. used during surgery and to reduce arthritis) and antibiotics applied to farm animals, which both have serious negative effects on the environment. Promising studies are being performed to demonstrate the possibility to avoid complications after major surgery (thereby eliminating the need to use harmful drugs for many years) and the reduction of antibiotics use in piglets.     

蒙脱石散联合双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片治疗小儿急性腹泻的临床分析

目的探讨蒙脱石散联合双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片治疗小儿急性腹泻的临床疗效。方法选取我院自2013年2月~2014年2月接收的80例小儿急性腹泻患儿,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组40例,对照组行单纯蒙脱石散治疗,观察组则行蒙脱石散联合双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片治疗,比较两组患儿的临床疗效。结果 两组患儿治疗总有效率、退热时间、呕吐消失时间、腹痛消失时间、大便正常时间等比较均有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论 给予急性腹泻患儿蒙脱石散联合双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片治疗可有效的提高治疗效果,改善患儿临床症状。