心律平对房室旁道的电生理作用

应用经食道心房调搏方法观察心律平对房室旁道的电生理作用。结果显示：（１）心律平可明显延长房室旁道前向传导的有效不应期（ＥＲＰ）。（２）对心房和房室传导系统ＥＲＰ亦有延长作用。（３）可降低经旁道１：１下传心室率,并可延长经旁道道传时间和心动过速周期长度。（４）９／１２例病人持续性房室折返性心动过这终止发作,并且证实均止于旁道的逆传途径。以上资料表明心律平延长房室旁道ＥＲＰ的作用,是其治疗预激合并快速心律失常的电生理基础     

Automatic Border Detection to Assess Right Ventricular Function Following Surgical Treatment of Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

Automatic border detection (ABD) has been developed as a potentially useful means for evaluating ventricular function on line in an automatic fashion. Its success with tracking left ventricular function is established, but little is known about its ability to assess right ventricular (RV) function. Accordingly, 20 patients with severe pulmonary hypertension due to chronic thromboembolic disease underwent standard two-dimensional echocardiography and imaging with ABD before and after pulmonary thromboendarterectomy to correct pulmonary hypertension. ABD-derived results were compared to manually planimetered RV areas calculated from the apical four-chamber view. Doppler tricuspid regurgitant velocity fell significantly with surgery from 4.4 ± 0.6 to 2.9 ± 0.7 m / sec (P < 0.001). The mean values for RV areas derived by manual planimetry and ABD were similar, as was fractional area shortening, which improved significantly with surgery (manual 0.24 ± 0.01 preoperative vs 0.31 ± 0.11 postoperative, P < 0.05; and ABD 0.19 ± 0.05 preoperative vs 0.32 ± 0.15 postoperative, P < 0.001). There was, however, very little correlation between the individual values for ABD versus manually derived RV areas and fractional area shortening, with the best correlation being the RV end-diastolic areas after surgery (y = 0.684x + 7.9, r = 0.564, P = 0.01). These results demonstrate that both manually planimetered RV areas and those determined by ABD can adequately follow changes in ventricular function over time. However, variability within each technique may prevent direct comparison of the absolute values of the two techniques.     

Huge colloid cyst of the third ventricle associated with calcification in the cyst wall

Giant or huge colloid cysts of the third ventricle up to of more than 3 cm in diameter are extremely rare. The patient presented with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, including headache, vomiting, and papilledema. Computerized tomographic (CT) scan revealed a hypodense, huge colloid cyst of the third ventricle associated with calcification in the cyst wall. Both hypodensity and calcification are uncommon roentgenological findings for colloid cysts of the third ventricle. The patient was operated on by the transcortical/transventricular approach and the colloid cyst was completely excised.     

5-Hydroxytryptamine-induced increase in left ventricular dP/dtmax does not suggest the presence of ventricular 5-HT4 receptors in the pig

Summary Although 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) increases porcine atrial force and rate via 5-HT₄ receptors, its effect on left ventricular contractility is not known. Therefore, using the maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (LVdP/dt_max) as an index of cardiac contractility, we have attempted to analyze the possible role of ventricular 5-HT₄ receptors in the anaesthetized pig. The full agonists at 5-HT₄ receptors, 5-HT and 5-methoxytryptamine (each 3, 10 and 30 g · kg^–1), and the -adrenoceptor agonist, isoprenaline (0.01, 0.03 and 0.1 g · kg^–1), increased heart rate, LVdP/dt_max and cardiac output. For a given degree of tachycardia, the increase in LVdP/dt_max by isoprenaline was substantially more than that observed with either 5-HT or 5-methoxytryptamine. The 5-HT₄ receptor partial agonist, renzapride (3, 10, 30, 100 and 300 g · kg^–1), also increased heart rate and LVdP/dt_max dose-dependently. When the heart was paced at 150 beats · min^–1, increases in LVdP/dt_max as well as cardiac output (except with the highest doses) by 5-HT, 5-methoxytryptamine and isoprenaline were clearly attenuated. However, the magnitude of attenuation of LVdP/dt_max responses by cardiac pacing was more marked in the case of 5-HT and 5-methoxytryptamine than with isoprenaline.The effects of renzapride (300 g · kg^–1) and tropisetron (0.3 and 3 mg · kg^–1) on increases in heart rate and LVdP/dt_max by 5-HT, 5-methoxytryptamine and isoprenaline were also studied. In the absence of atrial pacing, both renzapride and tropisetron (3 mg · kg^–1) effectively antagonized the responses to 5-HT and 5-methoxytryptamine; except for some decrease in the LVdP/dt_max response by tropisetron, the effect of isoprenaline remained essentially unchanged after the antagonists. During atrial pacing, renzapride significantly antagonized the responses to the first two doses of 5-HT, but the responses to the highest 5-HT dose and to 5-methoxytryptamine remained unaffected. Though, particularly after its higher dose, tropisetron reduced the responses to 5-HT and 5-methoxytryptamine, isoprenaline responses were also affected.The above results show that a significant part of the increase in LVdP/dt_max by 5-HT receptor agonists in the anaesthetized pig is a consequence of tachycardia elicited by these compounds via 5-HT₄ receptors. Since the increase in LVdP/dt_max, compared to tachycardia, was much less with 5-HT and 5-methoxytryptamine than with isoprenaline, and since the antagonism by renzapride and tropisetron against 5-HT and 5-methoxytryptamine during atrial pacing was relatively weaker and/or unspecific, it appears unlikely that the increase in LVdP/dt_max, during atria] pacing is mediated by ventricular 5-HT₄ receptors. This view is substantiated by our recent in vitro experiments where 5-HT (0.01 to 100 mol/l) failed to significantly increase contractions of porcine left ventricular trabeculae.Correspondence to P. R. Saxena at the above address     

右室流出道顽固性室性早搏及室性心动过速射频消融的临床探讨

目的　采用导管法射频消融术治疗顽固性右室流出道室性早搏 (室早 )及室性心动过速 (室速 )并通过临床效果、安全、可靠等特点方面以探讨该术的可行性和必要性。方法　采用起搏标测的方法 ,以起搏 12导联心电图与室早及室速发作完全相同点为消融靶点。以即刻室早消失及右室心尖部和流出道不能诱发室速为消融终点。结果　 6例室早消融即刻早搏消失 ,5例无器质性心脏病室早。2 4 h动态心电图检查 :室性早搏消融前为 ( 16 72 8± 2 75 2 )次 / 2 4 h,消融后为 ( 2 16± 112 )次 / 2 4 h( P<0 .0 5 )。 1例先心室间隔修补术后室早消融前为 2 185 6次 / 2 4 h,消融后为 175 6 9次 / 2 4 h( P>0 .0 5 )。 1例右室心肌病右室流出道室速发作时 ,药物及食道调搏均未终止发作 ,行急诊射频消融即刻成功。2 d后再次发作右室流出道另一部位室速 ,再次行射频消融术成功 ,随访 1月无复发。结论　无器质性心脏病顽固性右室流出道室早的经导管射频消融术 ,是一种安全可靠的方法 ,对右室流出道且发作时血液动力学稳定的室速经导管射频消融已得到临床认可 ,值得进一步推广。     

微创脑室-腹腔分流术治疗脑积水37例

目的 减少脑室-腹腔分流术后的并发症。方法 采用自制的腹腔穿刺导引针穿刺腹腔置入分流管。结果 传统手术组有4例发生远端分流管堵塞，2例腹腔感染，腹壁疝1例。微创手术组无远墙分流管堵塞和腹壁疝，腹腔感染1例。结论 微创脑室-腹腔分流术能明显减少手术后的并发症，并能缩短手术时间。     

血管紧张肽转换酶抑制剂对高血压病人心脏和大动脉的影响

目的 :评价血管紧张肽转换酶 (ACE)抑制剂对原发性高血压病人心脏和大动脉结构和功能的影响。方法 :应用二维超声、超声心动图及自动脉搏波传导速度 (PWV)测定仪观察 16例采用ACE抑制剂培哚普利治疗 (4mg ,po ,qd ;4wk后若血压 >18.6 / 12 .0kPa ,加服吲哒帕胺 2 .5mg ,po ,qd)的原发性高血压病人心脏、大动脉结构和功能的改变 ,分别在治疗前和治疗 12wk后进行上述检测。结果 :收缩压、脉压、颈动脉 股动脉PWV、颈总动脉内膜 中层厚度和左室后壁厚度在 12wk培哚普利治疗后显著降低 [分别为 (2 0 .4±s 1.4 )kPavs (18.0± 1.2 )kPa ,(7.5± 1.1)kPavs (6 .9± 1.2 )kPa ,(10 .5± 1.3)m·s- 1vs (8.6± 1.0 )m·s- 1,(0 .71± 0 .14 )mmvs (0 .5 9± 0 .14 )mm ,(10 .5± 1.0 )mmvs (9.8± 1.0 )mm ,P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 ];颈总动脉横断面顺应性、容积扩张性在治疗前后无显著性差异(P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :培哚普利对心血管系统的影响不仅仅是与血压降低有关 ,药物引起动脉平滑肌松驰 ,对全身和局部肾素 血管紧张肽系统的抑制能有效地改善高血压导致的心脏、血管结构和功能的改变。     

Double Outlet Right Ventricle with Intact Atrial Septum and Restrictive Ventricular Septal Defect: An Analysis of Two Cases

Two cases of double outlet right ventricle with restrictive ventricular septal defect are described. This is an uncommon presentation that causes left ventricular dysfunction because of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. The presence of an intact atrial septum leads to severe pulmonary hypertension, which tends to aggravate the right ventricular output. In the presence of a normal left ventricle, the authors suggest the possibility of enlargement of the ventricular septal defect in order to perform a biventricular repair. The association of a supramitral valve ring in both cases, and the isolation of the left subclavian artery and an aortopulmonary fenestration in one of these cases, are also discussed. In addition we explore factors that cause restrictive ventricular septal defects as well as the mechanisms that may lead to spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defect in a double outlet right ventricle.     

血压平逆转2K1C肾性高血压大鼠左室重构的作用及其机理的研究

目的:研究血压平逆转二肾一夹肾性高血压大鼠左室重构的作用及其机理。方法:建立2K1C肾性高血压大鼠(RHR)模型,术后8周40只RHR随机分为5组,每组8只,分为:血压平大、中、小剂量组(73、36.5、18.25g·kg-1·d-1);依那普利组(10g·kg-1·d-1);模型组,另取8只大鼠作为假手术对照组。模型组和假手术组灌服等容量水,疗程8周。手术前及术后每周测血压1次,给药第8周末,各组测量大鼠体重(BW),眼眶放血2ml,断头处死大鼠,迅速取出心脏,去除心房、右室游离壁,左室及室间隔称重(LVW),计算LVW/BW之比。采用放免法检测血清PCⅢ,心肌组织石蜡切片HE染色及SP免疫组化染色高清晰度图像分析系统测量心肌细胞形态参数及原癌基因cmyc和cfos表达阳性细胞的平均光密度值。结果:血压平降低血压,降低左室重量(LVW)、左室重量指数(LVW/BW)、心肌细胞体积及血清PCⅢ含量,抑制原癌基因cmyc和cfos的表达,血压平大、中剂量组LVW、LVW/BW及血清PCⅢ含量明显低于模型组(P<0.01),图像分析心肌细胞形态参数(面积、周长、平均直径、长径及短径)及cmyc、cfos表达阳性的心肌细胞平均光密度值明显低于模型组(P<0.01),与假手术组接近(P>0.05)。结论:复方中药血压平具有逆转2K1C肾性高血压大鼠左室重构的作用,其降低血压和血清PCⅢ含量、抑制Ⅲ型胶原合成、防治心肌纤维化及降低原癌基因cmyc和cfos的表达、抑制心肌细胞肥大、减轻左心室肥厚是其逆转二肾一夹肾性高血压大鼠左室重构的部分机制。     

The hedonic impact and intake of food are increased by midazolam microinjection in the parabrachial nucleus

Benzodiazepines have been reported to induce eating when administered into the brainstem of rats (either the fourth ventricle or the parabrachial nucleus). Benzodiazepines in the brainstem also have been reported to enhance the hedonic impact of taste, as measured by hedonic/aversive taste reactivity patterns, when administered to the fourth ventricle. The present study examined whether the parabrachial nucleus in particular is a brainstem site of the benzodiazepine-produced enhancement of eating and palatability. Food intake (cereal mash) was measured after brainstem microinjections of midazolam or vehicle (0.0, 7.5, and 15.0 microg) into the parabrachial nucleus, the nucleus of the solitary tract, the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, or the fourth ventricle (60 microg). We used the taste reactivity paradigm to measure hedonic/aversive affective reactions elicited from rats by oral infusions of a bittersweet solution (7% sucrose-0.01% quinine). Positive hedonic reactions and negative aversive reactions to sucrose-quinine were also measured after microinjections of midazolam (0.0, 7.5, and 15 microg) into the parabrachial nucleus. Midazolam increased food intake and selectively enhanced positive hedonic taste reactivity patterns to the bittersweet solution when microinjections were delivered to the parabrachial nucleus. When administered to the other brainstem sites at the same doses, however, midazolam had no effect. We therefore conclude that the parabrachial nucleus can mediate the benzodiazepine-induced enhancement of the hedonic impact of taste as well as mediating the enhancement of eating behavior.