前胡香豆素对肾型高血压大鼠左室肥厚及心肌胞内钙、Na+,K+-ATP酶和Ca2+,Mg2+-ATP酶活性的影响

目的研究前胡香豆素组分对肾型高血压左室肥厚的预防和逆转作用及机制。方法用两肾一夹肾型高血压左室肥厚大鼠(RHR)模型,测定前胡香豆素组分对其血压、左室湿重、心肌细胞面积、胞内静息钙及胞膜和线粒体ATP酶活性的影响。结果前胡香豆素组分(30 mg·kg^-1·d^-1,ig)预防组及逆转组大鼠血压、左室湿重/体重均较肥厚组明显降低;左室心肌细胞面积、胞内静息钙均较肥厚组降低;对KCl致钙浓度升高亦明显低于肥厚组;两组均可增加心肌细胞膜及线粒体Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶和Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺-ATP酶活性。结论前胡香豆素组分可预防及逆转RHR左室肥厚,减少心肌细胞内钙含量,增加ATP酶活性。     

低聚葡萄籽原花青素对异丙肾上腺素诱导大鼠心室重构的影响

研究低聚葡萄籽原花青素(oligomeric grape seed proanthoc yanidins,GSP)对异丙肾上腺素(isoproterenol,ISO)致大鼠心室重构的保护作用并初步探讨其机制。采用皮下注射ISO致大鼠心室重构模型,以GSP(50,100及150mg·kg-1)灌胃给药,PowerLab监测大鼠心功能,计算大鼠全心重量指数(HW/BW)和左心重量指数(LVW/BW),观察心肌病理学改变,测定左心室心肌组织中羟脯氨酸(Hyp)含量、血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果表明,与空白对照组相比,ISO组大鼠心功能明显受损,心脏重量指数HW/BW和LVW/BW、心肌细胞横截面积(CSA)、心肌间质胶原容积分数(CVF)和心肌血管周围胶原面积(PVCA)、心肌组织Hyp含量明显升高,血清SOD活性下降,MDA含量升高。与ISO组相比,GSP能明显改善心功能,降低心脏HW/BW和LVW/BW、CSA、CVF、PVCA和左心室心肌组织中Hyp含量,增加血清SOD活性,降低血清MDA含量。GSP对ISO诱导的大鼠心室重构具有明显的逆转作用,其机制可能与抗氧化应激,提高机...     

波依定联合氟伐他汀对原发性高血压左室肥厚的影响

目的评价波依定合用氟伐他汀对原发性高血压左室肥厚的影响。方法将80例原发性高血压左室肥厚患者随机分为A、B两组,A组给予波依定5 mg/d;B组给予波依定5 mg/d+氟伐他汀40 mg/d。疗程6个月,治疗前后用放免法测定血清中Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、NO含量。分别在用药前后用超声心动图检查评价心肌肥厚。结果两组患者药物治疗后血压降低的同时LVM I及血清PCⅢ浓度也较治疗前降低(P<0.01),B组血清PCⅢ浓度的降低较A组更明显(P<0.05),LVM I的降低在两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),B组治疗后NO的变化明显高于A组(P<0.05)结论波依定合用氟伐他汀对原发性高血压左室肥厚逆转及舒张功能改善有协同作用,较单一用药疗效显著。     

肾血管性高血压对大鼠心肌细胞舒缩功能、钙瞬变及其钙敏感性的影响

目的探讨高血压对大鼠心肌细胞舒缩功能、钙瞬变及钙敏感性的影响。方法制备一肾一狭窄(1klc)大鼠高血压模型,以酶解法急性分离左室心肌细胞,采用可视化动缘探测系统同步观察肾血管性高血压大鼠心肌细胞的收缩力、钙瞬变以及不同浓度CaCl2对肾血管性高血压大鼠心肌细胞收缩力和钙瞬变的影响。结果与假手术大鼠心肌细胞相比,肾血管性高血压大鼠心肌细胞收缩幅度明显增加,收缩和舒张速度明显加快,而其收缩期和舒张期细胞内钙、钙瞬变幅度及胞内钙动力学参数无明显变化。在不同浓度外钙作用时,高血压大鼠心肌细胞的收缩幅度—荧光强度比值曲线左移。结论在高血压的代偿期肾血管性高血压大鼠心肌细胞收缩力增加,其机制可能与高血压增加心肌细胞对钙的敏感性有关。     

高血压性左心室肥厚与心肌原癌基因c-fos表达

采用自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)和两肾一夹型(2K1C)肾血管性高血压大鼠模型，研究细胞核内原癌基因c-fos在高血压性左心室肥厚(LVH)发生，发展过程中的作用. 结果表明：SHR在8-10周龄时已有明显的高血压和LVH，其收缩压(SBP)与左室重/体重比(LVW/BW)均显著高于同龄的WKY大鼠. 20-22周龄与40-42周龄时，SHR的SBP，LVW/BW及左心室c-fos基因表达水平均明显高于同龄对照组WKY大鼠. 2K1C大鼠左肾动脉缩窄1周后发生明显的LVH，同时伴左心室c fos基因的高表达，至术后3和10周仍保持较高水平. 钙拮抗剂尼群地平(10 mg·kg^-1 ig，每日2次，连续10周)或血管紧张素AT₁受体阻断剂洛沙坦(30 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 ig，连续10周)治疗均可逆转2K1C大鼠SBP的增高和LVH的发生与发展，同时左心室c-fos基因表达水平降低. 结果提示心肌原癌基因c-fos的高表达参与高血压性LVH的发生，发展过程.     

粉防己碱对肾型高血压左室肥厚大鼠心肌ATP酶活性的影响

目的　观察粉防己碱对肾型高血压左室肥厚大鼠心肌 Ａ Ｔ Ｐ 酶活性的影响。方法　采用二肾一夹肾型高血压形成大鼠左室肥厚,用光电比色、无机磷显色法测定心肌细胞膜 Ｎａ＋ , Ｋ＋ Ａ Ｔ Ｐ 酶及线粒体 Ｎａ＋ , Ｋ＋ Ａ Ｔ Ｐ 酶、 Ｃａ２ ＋ Ａ Ｔ Ｐ酶活性。结果　左室肥厚组大鼠心肌细胞 Ａ Ｔ Ｐ 酶活性明显降低,粉防己碱５０ ｍｇ·ｋｇ － １·ｄ － １ｉｇ 连续给药８ ｗｋ 可逆转左室肥厚,显著增加心肌细胞膜 Ｎａ ＋ , Ｋ＋ Ａ Ｔ Ｐ 酶及线粒体 Ｃａ２ ＋ Ａ Ｔ Ｐ酶活性。结论　粉防己碱因其钙拮抗作用,在降低血压、逆转左室肥厚的同时,可使细胞膜钠泵活性、线粒体钙泵活性恢复     

缬沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠心肌抑癌基因PTEN表达的影响

目的 :观察缬沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)心肌肥厚的影响 ,以及对肿瘤抑制基因PTEN表达的影响。方法 :取 2 0只 12周龄自发性高血压大鼠 ,随机分为 2组 ,每组 10只 :缬沙坦干预组 ,给予缬沙坦 30mg·kg-1·d-1溶于饮水灌胃治疗 ;SHR阳性对照组给予正常饮水。另有 10只同龄同源雄性正常血压Wistar kyoto大鼠 (WKY组 )作为正常对照组。实验周期 8周 ,测量血压、左室重量 体重(LVW BW ) ,应用免疫组化方法检测各组大鼠左心室心肌PTEN的表达。结果 :SHR阳性对照组血压、LVW BW均高于正常对照组 ,但低于缬沙坦组 ,SHR阳性对照组PTEN的表达明显低于正常对照组 ,而缬沙坦组PTEN的表达显著高于SHR阳性对照组。结论 :缬沙坦能抑制自发性高血压大鼠心肌肥厚 ,并能提高PTEN的表达 ,提示PTEN可能在心肌肥厚发展过程中起了一定的作用。     

卡托普利对肾血管性高血压大鼠心肌的保护作用

目的探讨卡托普利在肾血管性高血压大鼠减轻心肌肥厚和心肌纤维化的可能机制。方法将雄性SD大鼠30只随机分为假手术组、模型组（双肾一夹法狭窄左侧肾动脉）、卡托普利组,观察用药6周后左室心肌病理形态、胶原染色、NOS、NO等指标的改变。结果与高血压组相比,应用卡托普利治疗后,血压、左心室重量指数、NOS、NO等指标均有明显的改善。结论卡托普利具有逆转左室肥厚及心肌纤维化的作用。     

雷米普利对两种高血压大鼠模型降压作用的比较

目的　比较雷米普利片对肾血管性高血压大鼠 (RHR)及自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR)的降压效果。方法　采用经典的二肾一夹法复制RHR模型 ,手术后 4周按血压水平随机分为雷米普利治疗组与模型对照组 ,以假手术大鼠作为正常对照组 ;SHR随机分为雷米普利治疗组和模型对照组 ,以WKY大鼠作为正常对照组。药物治疗组ig 1mg·kg-1·d-1的雷米普利 ,对照组ig等体积空白溶媒 ,连续治疗 8周。给药前及给药期间每 4周测定一次尾动脉收缩压 ,每周称体重。结果　给药 4周时 ,与模型组比较雷米普利对RHR和SHR有非常显著的 (P <0 .0 1)和显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )的降压作用 ;给药 8周时 ,雷米普利对RHR和SHR都有非常显著的降压作用 (P <0 .0 1) ,RHR治疗组收缩压降低值都大于有效血压降低值 ,降压有效率为 10 0 % ;而SHR治疗组 2只大鼠的血压降低值 (0kPa和 0 .7kPa)小于有效血压降低值 ,降压的有效率为 6 6 .7%。结论　雷米普利可有效降低RHR及SHR两种高血压模型大鼠的血压。     

氯沙坦逆转高血压患者心肌肥厚及心肌纤维化的作用

目的 :观察氯沙坦对高血压患者心肌肥厚及心肌纤维化的影响。方法 :对 35例高血压伴左室肥厚患者用氯沙坦每日 5 0～ 10 0mg治疗 6mon ,用放疫法测定治疗前后血清中Ⅲ型前胶原 (PCⅢ )、层粘蛋白 (LN )、透明质酸 (HA)的含量 ,用超声心动图检测治疗前后左室质量指数 (LVMI )。结果 :氯沙坦治疗后 ,LVMI和血清PCⅢ、LN、HA均显著降低 (P<0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ;血压显著下降 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :氯沙坦可显著降低血压 ,并逆转高血压心肌肥厚及间质纤维化     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.