Outcome of the scarf osteotomy in adolescent hallux valgus

Purpose  We have reported the radiological and clinical outcome of scarf osteotomy in the treatment of moderate to severe hallux valgus among adolescent children. Method  Data were collected retrospectively between April 2001 and June 2006. The pre- and post-operative intermetatarsal angle (IMA), hallux valgus angle (HVA) and distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) were determined. Patients were followed up for a mean of 37.6 months. Results  Thirteen patients with 19 operated feet were available at the time of the latest follow-up. There was significant improvement in the mean post-operative IMA, which was maintained to the last follow-up. There was statistically significant improvement in the 6-week post-operative HVA and DMAA. However, this was lost at the final follow-up. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score for the whole group was 80 (54–100). Conclusion  This study indicates that scarf osteotomy should be used with caution in symptomatic adolescent hallux valgus, as there is a high recurrence rate.     

Hallux valgus with second metatarsalgia: Is second metatarsal Weil osteotomy necessary?

BackgroundThe role of concomitant Weil osteotomy to address second toe metatarsalgia during hallux valgus correction is unclear. We aimed to critically analyse outcomes of an additional Weil osteotomy versus isolated Scarf osteotomy.in the management of hallux valgus and second metatarsalgia.MethodsPatients with second toe metatarsalgia who underwent first metatarsal Scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus were enrolled retrospectively. Demographics, radiographic measurements and functional outcomes were assessed at baseline, 6-months and 2-years postoperatively. Between-group significance was established with Fisher exact test, Chi-square or Mann-Whitney U test. Within-group changes from baseline were assessed with paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test.Results48 feet (34 isolated Scarf, 14 concomitant Weil osteotomy) were included. Both cohorts demonstrated significant improvements across all measures of functional outcome. However, patients with additional Weil osteotomy reported poorer short-term outcomes.ConclusionSuperiority of additional Weil osteotomy versus isolated Scarf osteotomy in addressing second toe metatarsalgia or improving functional outcomes was not demonstrated.     

Bunionette deformity corrected with “shortening” scarf osteotomy of the fifth metatarsal: mid-term results of a 34-cases

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes (in mid-term) after “shortening” scarf osteotomy of the fifth metatarsal for the treatment of bunionette deformity.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the functional score — American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Lesser Toe Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal Scale, radiographic results — 4th/5th intermetatarsal angle, varus angle of the 5th metatarsophalangeal joint and complications in a consecutive series of 34 feet (27 patients) with bunionette. Nine males and 18 females (mean age: 45 years) were included in the study. Three males and four females were operated bilaterally The patients were operated on between 2004 and 2015, and evaluated during 2017.ResultsThe average AOFAS score improved from 59.4 to 93 at a mean follow-up of 7.2 years. The 4th/5th intermetatarsal angle and varus angle of the 5th metatarsophalangeal joint decreased from 13.9°/19.5° preoperatively to 6°/5.9° at final follow-up. No neurovascular damage was recorded. Complications arose in five feet (14.7%): delayed union (n = 1), early infection (n = 1), distal screw migration (n = 1), asymptomatic non-union (n = 1), transverse metatarsalgia (n = 1). The osteotomy healed within less than three months except twoo (delayed union, non-union). Three feet needed additional surgery: screw removal (n = 2), Weil osteotomy of 2nd–4th metatarsals (n = 1).Conclusions“Shortening” scarf osteotomy is an acceptable, but not complication-free, treatment option for the bunionette deformity and offers promising results in the mid-term.     

Chevron联合Akin截骨与Scarf联合Akin截骨治疗中度足母外翻的临床疗效对比

目的 比较Chevron联合Akin截骨术与Scarf联合Akin截骨术治疗中度足母外翻的临床疗效。方法 回顾分析江苏省中医院骨伤科2012年9月至2015年9月收治的27例（36足）中度足母外翻病人,Chevron联合Akin截骨组（CA组）14例（19足）,Scarf联合Akin截骨组（SA组）13例（17足）,比较两组术前、术后1个月、1年及末次随访时以下指标：足母外翻角（hallux valgus angle, HVA）;第1、2跖骨间夹角（inter metatarsal angle, IMA）;近端关节面固有角（distal metatarsal articular angle, DMAA）;胫侧籽骨位置;第一跖骨长度;另外,比较两组术前、术后末次随访的美国足踝外科协会（American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, AOFAS）评分。两组病人性别、年龄、术前HVA、IMA、DMAA、第一跖骨长度、胫侧籽骨位置的差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。结果 两组病人术中未见明显的并发症,术后均愈合良好,无骨折不愈合、延迟愈合、跖骨头坏死、皮神经损伤、内固定松动、僵直、足母内翻等并发症。术后末次随访CA组AOFAS评分为（93.91±9.03）分,SA组AOFAS评分为（91.83±13.58）分,两组比较,差异无统计学意义（t=0.552,P=0.593）。术后1个月、1年、末次随访时两组的HVA、IMA、DMAA比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。与SA组比较,术后1个月、1年、末次随访时CA组第一跖骨长度短缩程度更大,第一跖骨疼痛发生率更高,而胫侧籽骨复位更理想（P均＜0.05）。结论 Chevron联合Akin截骨与Scarf联合Akin截骨治疗中度足母外翻均有较好的疗效,临床疗效相近。     

Footwear modification following hallux valgus surgery: The all-or-none phenomenon

AIM: To define footwear outcomes following hallux valgus surgery, focusing on patient return to comfortable and heeled footwear and patterns of post-operative footwear selection. METHODS: Surgical intervention is indicated for symptomatic cases of hallux valgus unresponsive to conservative methods, with favourable reported outcomes. The return to various types of footwear post-operatively is reflective of the degree of correction achieved, and corresponds to patient satisfaction. Patients are expected to return to comfortable footwear post-operatively without significant residual symptoms. Many female patients will additionally attempt to return to high-heeled, narrow toe box shoes. However, minimal evidence exists to guide their expectations. Sixty-five female hallux valgus patients that had undergone primary surgery between 2011 and 2013 were retrospectively identified using our hospital surgical database. Patients were reviewed using a footwear-specific outcome questionnaire at a mean 18.5 mo follow-up. RESULTS: Eighty-six percent of patients were able to return to comfortable footwear post-operatively with minimal discomfort. Of those intending to resume wearing heeled footwear, 62% were able to do so, with 77% of these patients wearing these as or more frequently than pre-operatively. No significant difference was observed between pre- and post-operative heel size. Mean time to return to heeled footwear was 21.4 wk post-operation. Cosmetic outcomes were very high and did not adversely impact footwear selection. CONCLUSION: We report high rates of return to both comfortable and heeled shoes in female patients following primary hallux valgus surgery. We observed an “all-or-none phenomenon” where patients rejected a return to heeled footwear unless able to tolerate them at the same frequency and heel size as pre-operatively. A minority of patients were unable to return to comfortable footwear post-operatively, which had adverse ramifications on their quality-of-life. We recommend that the importance of managing patient expectations through appropriate pre-operative counselling be emphasized in forefoot surgery.     

软组织平衡术联合Scarf和Akin截骨治疗中重度踇外翻畸形

【摘要】目的 评估软组织平衡术联合Scarf和Akin截骨治疗中重度踇外翻畸形的疗效。 方法 回顾分析2017年9月~2019年9月我院足踝外科采用软组织平衡术联合Scarf截骨和Akin截骨手术治疗的28例（35足）中重度踇外翻患者临床资料。观察患者术后并发症发生情况并记录截骨愈合时间；术后第3、6月随访时摄X线片测量踇外翻角（HVA）、第1、2跖骨间夹角（IMA），记录术前美国矫形足踝协会（AOFAS）和疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS），并与术前比较；采用Roles Maudsley评分对患者进行满意度调查。结果 共27例（34足）患者获得随访，随访时间6~24个月，平均124个月。所有手术伤口均一期愈合，无伤口感染或伤口裂开发生；所有患者的两处截骨均一期愈合，愈合时间（27±04）月，无截骨延迟愈合或不愈合发生。与术前相比，术后6月 HVA、IMA、AOFAS、 VAS均降低（均P＜005）。患者满意率926%。结论 软组织平衡术联合Scarf和Akin截骨治疗中重度踇外翻疗效良好。     

Treatment of hallux valgus by Scarf osteotomy – rates and reasons for recurrence and rates of avascular necrosis: A systematic review

BackgroundWe reviewed the rates of and reasons for hallux valgus (HV) recurrence and the rates of avascular necrosis following Scarf osteotomy.MethodsWe searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases for studies reporting operative management of HV using Scarf osteotomy. The primary endpoints were reasons for and rates of HV recurrence. The secondary endpoint was the rate of avascular necrosis.ResultsWe included 15 studies with 946 operations for HV. Seven studies reported no recurrence, six reported recurrence rates of 3.6–11.3%, one reported a recurrence rate of 30%, and one reported a recurrence rate of 78%. Thirteen studies (678 feet) reported other complications from Scarf osteotomy without avascular necrosis.ConclusionsAlthough HV recurrence is not uncommon following Scarf osteotomy, patient-related factors, surgical competence, and longer follow-up are more likely to be associated with recurrence. Avascular necrosis is an infrequent complication in HV patients treated using Scarf osteotomy.     

Effect of different Scarf osteotomy angles on orthopedic surgery for flat foot北大核心

BACKGROUND: Scarf osteotomy is an effective procedure for correcting the valgus of the flat foot, which is a three-dimensional orthopedic procedure. Whether the angle of the osteotomy will affect the orthopedic strength needs to be studied. OBJECTIVE: To simulate Scarf osteotomy at different angles in 3-matic software, and to analyze the effect of Scarf osteotomy angle on flat foot orthopedics. METHODS: Three-dimensional models of the flat foot on weight-bearing state were imported into 3-matic software to obtain the sketches of the frontal lateral and coronal rear foot. The relevant indexes of flat feet were measured as the flat feet indexes before operation. In the same model, the traditional Evans combined with medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy, as well as different angles of Scarf osteotomy, such as 45°, 60°, 75°, 90°, 105°, 120° were performed. After the osteotomy was completed, the flat foot-related indicators were measured again, and compared with those before the operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Simple bone surgery had little effect on the talus pitch angle and the talo-first metatarsal angle on lateral side. Evans operation had greater correction of fore foot abduction, while Scarf osteotomy had no significant effect on it. For the effect on the hind foot valgus, Scarf osteotomy showed greater effects than the traditional Evans combined with medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy. The contact area of the osteotomy was larger than that of the traditional one, and decreased gradually with the increase of the angle of Scarf osteotomy. In addition, this study found that perpendicular to the lateral wall of the opposite bone after osteotomy, along the perpendicular to the lateral wall of the external bone can play a part in the role of deepening the arch. © 2023, Publishing House of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research. All rights reserved.