含双酚—A和杂环结构的聚芳醚酮的合成与表征

用苯酚、苯酐和水合肼合成了4-（4-羟苯基）-2,3-二氮杂萘酮-1,并与双酚-A和二苯甲酮聚合,得到含双酚-A和杂环结构的聚醚酮聚合物。用FT-IR、^13C-NMR、DSC、TGA和DMA等方法对聚合物进行了表征。结果表明,这种可溶性的非晶态聚合物有较高的Tg和很高的耐热温度,Tg随聚合物的组成不同而变化（158-224℃）,5%热失重温度为444-541℃。     

Clearing the clouds: Case‐report and review of the literature

In peritoneal dialysis (PD), a cloudy dialysate is an alarming finding. Bacterial peritonitis is the most common cause, however, atypical infections and non‐infectious causes must be considered. A 46‐year‐old man presented with asthenia, paraesthesia, foamy urine and hypertension. Laboratory testing revealed severe azotaemia, anaemia, hyperkalaemia and nephrotic‐range proteinuria. Haemodialysis was started through a central venous catheter. Later, due to patient preference, a Tenckhoff catheter was inserted. Conversion to PD occurred 3 weeks later, during hospitalization for a presumed central line infection. A month later, the patient was hospitalized for neutropenic fever. He was diagnosed an acute parvovirus infection and was discharged under isoniazid for latent tuberculosis. Four months later, the patient presented with fever and a cloudy effluent. Peritoneal fluid (PF) cytology was suggestive of infectious peritonitis, but the symptoms persisted despite antibiotic therapy. Bacterial and mycological cultures were negative. No neoplastic cells were detected. Mycobacterium tuberculosis eventually grew in PF cultures, despite previous negative molecular tests. Directed therapy was then initiated with excellent response. Thus, facing a cloudy effluent, one must consider multiple aetiologies. Diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis is hampered by the lack of highly sensitive and specific exams. Here, diagnosis was only possible due to positive mycobacterial cultures.     

耐多药结核病防治绩效评价指标体系构建

目的构建一套耐多药结核病防治工作绩效评价的指标体系。方法通过文献综述初步构建评价指标体系,经两轮德尔菲(Delphi)专家咨询法获取专家对指标体系的意见并计算相应参数,采用模糊综合评判法计算各级指标的权重。结果19名结核病防治领域的专家参与本研究,平均年龄44.26岁,从业年限平均为19.42年。两轮专家咨询的积极系数均为95%,最终确定8个一级指标,20个二级指标和70个三级指标。一级指标中,"实验室服务"占有最高的权重(0.1332),二级指标"实验室检测能力"占有最高的权重(0.0524),三级指标中"是否配备痰标本/菌株运输箱、储存痰标本/菌株的冰箱等设备"的权重最高(0.0165)。结论本研究建立的耐多药结核病防控的绩效评价指标体系全面、客观,具有较高可信性和可操作性。     

四川省艾滋病抗病毒治疗6~12个月病毒学失败患者耐药性分析

目的 分析四川省接受艾滋病抗病毒治疗6~12个月病毒学失败患者的耐药影响因素和耐药特征。方法 对2016—2019年接受治疗6~12个月且病毒学失败患者进行HIV-1基因型耐药检测,采用统计学logistic回归和卡方检验分析病毒学失败患者耐药发生的影响因素,以及不同地区和亚型毒株间耐药突变特征。结果 3626例患者符合调查标准,成功获得序列2915例（80.39%）,其中1246（42.74%）例耐药,多因素logistic回归分析发现,注射吸毒者的耐药突变是异性性传播患者的1.90倍;艾滋病的耐药突变是HIV感染者的1.75倍;基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数≥350个/μl和200~349个/μl的耐药突变是CD4+T淋巴细胞计数＜200个μl的0.76和0.64倍;初始治疗方案含洛匹那韦/利托那韦（LPV/r）的二线治疗方案的耐药突变是是含齐多夫定的0.37倍;感染CRF01_AE亚型毒株的耐药突变是感染CRF07_BC亚型毒株的1.34倍。成都平原、川东北、川西北、川南和攀西地区耐药率分别为45.41%、37.47%、54.84%、43.38和34.34%,卡方检验有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;主要流行亚型CRF07_BC、CRF01_E、CRF08_BC和CRF85_BC耐药率分别为39.60%、48.55%、34.17%和44.27%,卡方检验有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 四川治疗6~12个月艾滋病患者病毒学失败的耐药率较高,耐药突变状况复杂多样,感染途径、基线CD4+T淋巴细胞计数、病程、感染毒株亚型、初始治疗方案是治疗6~12个月病毒学失败患者发生耐药的影响因素,且各地区耐药发生和各亚型耐药突变特征不同。     

Ly49 gene expression in different inbred mouse strains

Mouse natural killer cells express receptors for class IMHC in the form of the Ly49 family of proteins. The Ly49 family contains at least 13 expressed members (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, L, O, and P) and is further subdivided into activating and inhibitory subfamilies based on intracellular and transmembrane characteristics. The level of sequence identity between different members varies dramatically. However, comparison of the extracellular domain has revealed that several of the Ly49 molecules also form “pairs,” where one member is activating and the other is inhibitory. Until recently, most Ly49 molecules described have come from the C57B1/6 strain of inbred mice. Using molecular cloning and immunochemical analysis we have found that different mouse strains express novel Ly49 molecules. Comparison of the allelic forms of some Ly49 molecules has shown that the dividing line between different genes and different alleles is blurred. This project has been funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under Contract No. NO1-CO-56000. Animal care was provided in accordance with the procedures outlined in A Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Institutes of Health Publication No. 86-23, 1985). The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. government.     

The SIMULTEST approach for testing mutagens in the Salmonella microtitre fluctuation assay

The concept of combining several histidine-dependent Salmonella strains in a single test, the SIMULTEST, has been applied to the microtitre fluctuation test. The activity of five mutagens was determined in strains TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA102 individually as well as in a SIMULTEST mixture. All five compounds were mutagenic in the SIMULTEST, demonstrating the utility of this time and labour-saving approach of combining strains for testing with this method. The microtitre fluctuation SIMULTEST results were quantitatively comparable to those of the SIMULTEST Salmonella/microsome plate test. The microtitre fluctuation test compared with the plate incorporation assay generally showed more favourable "sensitivity" and "quantity" indices in that four of the five chemicals tested in the fluctuation test were mutagenic at lower doses than in the plate test.     

狼毒大戟水提物对小鼠致突变作用的实验研究

探讨狼毒大戟水提物是否具有致突变作用。 方法实验用昆明种近交小鼠为实验对象,采用传统的毒理学实验方法,以微核出现率和精于畸变率为观察指标,在高(360g／kg)、中(180g／kg)、低(30g／kg)剂量下,进行了初步观察。 结果中、高剂量组与阴性对照纽间有显著性差异(P     

彩色多普勒能量图对不孕症妇女子宫动脉血流变化的观察

利用彩色多普勒能量图测定子宫的血流 ,即血流的脉冲指数 (pulsative index,PI)及阻力指数 (resistantindex,RI)来探索不同原因的女性不孕症。 6 7例不孕症妇女经腹腔镜诊断确诊不孕原因后 ,于月经周期第 2 0～ 2 3d作腹部 B超彩色多普勒能量图 (CDE)检查。其结果两侧子宫动脉 PI、RI可因各种不孕原因不分侧别平均 PI、RI均高于正常组 (P<0 .0 1) ,而且不受病情轻、中、重所影响。反映了子宫周围血管阻力较高所致子宫动脉血流灌注不足是引起不孕症的基础 ,可能也干扰孕卵着床而致不孕。     

牛磺酸对大鼠生长和智力发育的影响

1目的　探讨牛磺酸对大鼠生长及智力发育的影响。2方法　 Wistar大鼠自受孕开始分别喂以不同的饲料 :基础饲料 (A组 ) ,基础饲料添加牛磺酸 (B组 ) ,低蛋白饲料 (C组 ) ,低蛋白饲料添加牛磺酸 (D组 )。断乳后的仔鼠仍继续按原饲料分别喂养并检测体质量、观察体态及辨别学习能力。3结果　 A,B,D组出生 16 d,平均体质量无显著差异 ;至 44 d,D组平均体质量明显低于 A,B组 (F =381.83,q=18.87,18.45 ,P<0 .0 1) ,C组则出现明显营养不良 ,体质量低于 D组 (q=2 1.41,P<0 .0 1)。到 6 0 d时 ,A ,B组体质量均已达到 15 0 g左右 ,而 D组的大鼠仅为80 g左右。A组大鼠亮度辨别学习实验的达标时间为 (4.70± 0 .94) d,B组大鼠达标时间为 (3.5 4± 0 .75 ) d,两者具有显著差异 (t=2 .2 5 ,P<0 .0 5 )。4结论　营养不良的情况下 ,自胚胎期开始补充牛磺酸 ,仍有助于仔鼠的生长发育 ,对智力发育也具有明显的促进作用。     

住院肺结核病人耐药状况与疗效分析

目的　了解结核病医院中住院病人的耐药及多耐药结核病 ( MDR-TB)流行情况、特点及影响因素。方法　用临床流行病学方法进行统计和分析。结果　耐药率为 3 0 .71 % ,MDR-TB发病率为1 1 .68% ,初始 MDR-TB为 2 .55% ,继发 MDR-TB为 9.1 3 % ,MDR-TB死亡率为 9.4 8%。结论　耐药及MDR-TB发病率逐年增加 ,高死亡率。