Variability in cesarean delivery rates among individual labor and delivery nurses compared to physicians at three attribution time points

ObjectiveTo examine the variability in the cesarean delivery (CD) rates of individual labor and delivery nurses compared with physicians at three attribution time points.Data SourcesMedical record data from nine hospitals in Washington State from January 2016 through September 2018.Study DesignRetrospective, observational cohort design using an aggregated database of birth records.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsChart‐abstracted clinical data from a subset of nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex births attributed at admission, labor management, and delivery to nurses and physicians. Two classification methods were used to categorize nurse‐ and physician‐level CD rates at three attribution time points and the reliability of these methods compared.Principal FindingsThe sample included 12 556 births, 319 nurses, and 126 physicians. Overall, variation in nurse‐level CD rates did not differ significantly across the three attribution time points, and the extent of variation was similar to that observed in physicians. However, agreement between attribution time points varied between 35 percent and 65 percent when classifying individual nurses into the top and bottom deciles. The average reliability of nurse‐level CD rates was 32 percent at admission (IQR 22.0 percent to 38.7 percent), 32.6 percent at labor (IQR 23.1 percent to 40.9 percent), and 29.3 percent (IQR 20.9 percent to 35.8 percent) at delivery. The average reliability of physician‐level CD rates was higher: 54.2 percent (IQR 38.7 percent to 71.4 percent) at admission, 62.5 percent (IQR 49.0 percent to 79.6 percent) at labor management, and 66.1 percent (IQR 53.7 percent to 81.2 percent) at delivery.ConclusionFeedback on nurse‐level CD rates as part of routine clinical quality audits can provide insight into nurse performance in the context of other individual‐level and unit‐level information. To reliably distinguish individual nurse performance, larger sample sizes are needed.     

我国女性性工作者领域社会组织参与艾滋病防治项目管理能力建设需求研究

目的 了解为女性性工作者（FSW）提供艾滋病防治服务的社会组织项目管理能力建设需求。方法 向2017-2018年参与国家艾滋病防治基金项目的社会组织负责人开展问卷调查及访谈,结合基金项目管理信息系统相关数据,利用Excel 2016软件和SPSS 25.0软件整理分析社会组织的分布与基金获得情况,以及社会组织对项目管理能力的需求。结果 2017-2018年参与执行基金FSW项目的社会组织共184个,完成问卷调查的社会组织156个,主要集中在西部地区（44.0%,81/184）,以四川省、广西壮族自治区和云南省居多;东部地区获得的基金支持最多;社会组织对项目数据收集及分析利用的需求最高,占68.6%（107/156）,其次是项目风险分析应对及质控,占64.1%（100/156）;社会组织负责人学历对项目计划管理和项目财务管理能力建设需求的差异有统计学意义（χ²=5.78,P=0.016;χ²=8.99,P=0.003）。结论 当前我国FSW领域的社会组织数量和基金获得比例的分布,与异性性传播的艾滋病疫情分布不一致。仍需继续鼓励、引导扶持社会组织的发展资金;结合社会组织对能力建设的需求针对性的制定项目能力建设计划。     

Qualité des supports de communication de crise lors de la pandémie de la COVID-19 au Grand Maghreb

ObjectiveTo objectively assess the quality of “crisis communication” media, during the COVID-19 pandemic, in the three Greater Maghreb countries (Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco).MethodsA compliance audit for press releases and epidemiological bulletins was analyzed against a quality benchmark, which had been specifically designed by the authors. This framework, made up of five dimensions and 50 items, graded (0/1), was applied by two researchers in preventive medicine. Multiplying the scores by a coefficient of two resulted in a partial score of 20 points for each dimension and a total score of 100 points for the checklist taken as a whole. The quality of the communication media was considered to be good when exceeding the thresholds of 15/20 for the different dimensions and 75/100 for the entire grid.ResultsA total of 141 information media were included in this audit (Tunisia: 60; Algeria: 60; Morocco: 21). The overall median quality score for these media was only 56/100 (IIQ: [46–58]), without major variability between countries. The most appreciated dimension was “maintaining the confidence of the population”, with an overall median score of 14/20 (12/20 for epidemiological bulletins and 16/20 for press releases). The most poorly rated dimension was “strengthening community participation”, with a median score of only 4/20 (6/20 for epidemiological bulletins and 4/20 for press releases).ConclusionThe quality of the Maghreb crisis communication media during COVID-19 was insufficient in most of its dimensions and items, particularly from a psychosocial standpoint. Reinforcement of the capacities of communication officers to develop information material and supports during health crises is indispensable and should be considered as an urgent matter.     

Community-living older people’s interpretation of the Norwegian version of older people’s quality of life (OPQOL) questionnaire

The aim of this study is to investigate how community-living older people interpret the Norwegian version of Older People's Quality of Life (OPQOL) questionnaire. The original OPQOL questionnaire was translated based on guidelines for cross-cultural translation. The Three-Step Test-Interview instrument was adopted to investigate how community-living older people interpreted the questionnaire. Data were collected from 14 participants (72–89 years). The questionnaire was filled in under observation. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted to clarify the observational data and elicit the participants’ experiences and opinions. Lastly, data were analysed using a hermeneutic interpretation approach. Our findings indicate that most of the participants managed to complete the OPQOL questionnaire without problems. The data analysis resulted in four primary themes: relevance & applicability, formulation, consistency & accuracy and subjectivity. The questionnaire covered all aspects related to the participants’ quality of life. However, statements related to religion were found to be irrelevant to their quality of life. Most of the participants thought that religion, philosophy and culture should be separate rather than included in the same statement. The participants missed the option of ‘not applicable’ when the statements were irrelevant to them. The statements are formulated in both positive and negative ways, which was sometimes confusing to them. The participants perceived phases such as “around me” “local,” and “things” as ambiguous, and thus they raised concerns about whether the OPQOL questionnaire could capture consistent data regarding their quality of life. The results of this study pinpoint the issues that community-living older people faced when interpreting and answering the Norwegian version of OPQOL questionnaire. These issues were mostly caused by sociocultural differences. Our work provides an overview of the changes that must be made in the questionnaire in order to address these sociocultural differences while using the OPQOL questionnaire in the Norwegian context.     

A multi-institutional survey of the quality of life after treatment for uterine cervical cancer: a comparison between radical radiotherapy and surgery in Japan

This study aimed to research the post-treatment quality of life (QOL) between radiotherapy (RT)- and operation (OP)-treated early cervical cancer survivors, using separate questionnaires for physicians and patients. We administered an observational questionnaire to patients aged 20–70 years old with Stages IB1–IIB cervical cancer who had undergone RT or OP and without recurrence as outpatients for ≥6 months after treatment. We divided 100 registered patients equally into two treatment groups (n = 50 each). The average age was 53 and 44 years in the RT and OP groups, respectively. The RT group included 34 and 66% Stage I and II patients, respectively, whereas the OP group included 66 and 34% Stage I and II patients, respectively. The OP group included 58% of patients with postoperative RT. Combination chemotherapy was performed in 84 and 48% of patients in the RT and OP groups, respectively. On the physicians’ questionnaire, we observed significant differences in bone marrow suppression (RT) and leg edema (OP). On the patients’ questionnaire, significantly more patients had dysuria and leg edema in the OP group than in the RT group, and severe (Score 4–5) leg edema was significantly higher in the post-operative RT group than in the OP only group. The frequency of sexual intercourse decreased after treatment in both groups. On the patients’ questionnaire, there were no significant differences between the two groups regarding sexual activity. These findings are useful to patients and physicians for shared decision-making in treatment choices. The guidance of everyday life and health information including sexual life after treatment is important.     

2022年全国中药材及饮片质量分析概况

2022年初,国务院办公厅发布的《“十四五”中医药发展规划》中提出加强中药安全监管、提升中药质量评价能力、建立健全中药质量全链条安全监管机制、加强中药饮片源头管理等,为推动中药产业高质量发展提出了明确的要求。2022年,在国家药品监督管理局和各省药品监督管理部门的领导、组织下,汇总全国中药材及饮片的抽检结果,对全国31个省、自治区、直辖市抽检数据进行梳理并对总体质量情况进行分析,总体合格率为98%。针对质量和标准问题提出相关的监管策略与建议,为提高中药材及饮片标准,提升监管效力、监管水平提供大数据支持。     

The association between decision-making skills and subjective decision outcomes among administrative officers in the Swedish Social Insurance Agency

Social insurance administrative officers’ decision-making skills influence their efficiency at work and their general well-being. At work their tasks are characterised by complexity and a need for order and accountability. Moreover, cases should usually be handled and finalised within the imposed time frames. We investigated skills related to decision-making success among social insurance officers. In total, 118 administrative officers at the Swedish Social Insurance Agency (66% response rate) responded to questions on scales and measures relating to cognitive-rational, socio-emotional and time approach features of decision-making skill. In addition, they responded to questions on three scales pertaining to outcomes of everyday decisions in terms of subjective everyday difficulties, tendencies to burnout and depressive symptoms. The results showed that cognitive-rational competence was associated with lower reports of subjective everyday difficulties and depressive symptoms and thereby contributed to the explained variance in decision outcomes. Furthermore, socio-emotional and time approach features of decision-making skills contributed to the explanation for subjective everyday difficulties, tendencies to burnout and depressive symptoms. The results corroborate the basic assumption and usefulness of a broad approach in the definition and assessment of decision-making skills in human service professions in general, and of administrative officers in social insurance agencies in particular. Recommendations for future research and the implications of the results are discussed.     

京沪妇女保健人员素质适宜程度比较

目的分析2000—2017年京沪妇女保健人员素质不足严重程度及孕产妇死亡率的变化趋势,明确两地差异,探讨妇女保健人员素质适宜程度。方法收集1995—2017年所有涉及京沪妇女保健资源问题的文献,系统筛选涉及妇女保健人员素质主题的有关文献,进而计算妇女保健人员素质不足严重程度评分。上海纳入165篇文献,北京纳入147篇。运用Spearman相关、线性回归等方法分析妇女保健人员素质不足严重程度与孕产妇死亡率的关系。结果北京妇女保健人员素质不足严重程度从2000年的3.53分降至2017年的3.12分,上海则由3.70分降至2.12分。上海孕产妇死亡率与妇女保健人员素质不足严重程度相关有统计学意义(r=0.758,P<0.01)。上海的回归方程有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论京沪两地妇女保健人员素质不断提高,上海妇女保健人员素质在孕产妇死亡率降低中发挥更大作用,但人员专业能力仍需进一步提升;适宜的妇女保健体系应"人员能力胜任工作需要";验证了量化妇女保健人员素质的可行性。     

原发性高血压患者中医药使用情况及影响因素分析

目的:探讨辖区高血压患者对中医药服务的使用情况及相关影响因素。方法:采用整群随机分层抽样的方法选取1 152例辖区原发性高血压患者作为研究对象,进行问卷调查和体格测量。运用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果:1 152例研究对象中熟悉中医药知识者占比为24.05%;熟悉中医药知识的患者更多使用中医药(χ~2=230.857,P0.01);多因素logsistic回归分析结果显示,看中医方便、熟悉中医药知识和想用中医药的高血压患者使用中医药的可能性较高;血压达标的高血压患者使用中医药的可能性较低。结论:中医药对原发性高血压患者在改善治疗效果和生活质量方面具有重要意义,中医药知识的普及、基层医疗机构的分布和中医药服务的全面开展是提高中医药利用率的重要影响因素。     

甘肃省疾病预防控制系统慢性病防控基础配置能力评估

摘 要：目的：探讨社区诊室血压达标的高血压患者晨峰血压控制及血压管理效果评估。方法：将400例高血压患者随 机分为研究组和对照组。试验前后完善24 h动态血压、24 h动态心电图及头颅CT检查,随后每3个月行1次24 h动态血压检 查。生活方式和药物干预 12个月,观察两组治疗前后血压达标情况及心脑血管事件发生率。结果：研究组治疗中后期患者 24 h平均收缩压、起床后2 h内平均收缩压及晨峰血压均较同期对照组显著降低;两组心脑血管疾病发病率差异有统计学意 义 （χ2=5.171,P＜0.05）。结论：诊室血压达标伴晨峰血压的患者更易发生心脑血管疾病,采用适宜的血压管理模式可有效 降低晨峰血压。