两次改良Foerster-Dandy手术治疗痉挛性斜颈的对比研究

目的 对比两次改良Foerster-Dandy手术治疗痉挛性斜颈的疗效及并发症.方法 回顾分析183例痉挛性斜颈患者,其中A组126例采用改良Foerster-Dandy手术,B组57例采用在硬性神经内镜辅助下二次改良的Foerster-Dandy手术.结果 全部患者平均随访33.4个月.两组患者术后均立即感觉痉挛状态明显缓解,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).A组36例发生不同程度吞咽困难,随访期间恢复正常18例,明显好转11例,无明显变化而影响生活质量7例;B组8例发生不同程度吞咽困难,随访期间恢复正常5例,明显好转2例,无明显变化而影响生活质量1例(该例仅随访1个月),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).A组颅内感染10例(7.9%),B组颅内感染2例(3.5%),出院前均治愈,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).B组手术时间较A组手术时间显著减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).B组术中平均失血量较A组明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 硬性神经内镜辅助下二次改良的Foerster-Dandy手术,术中不咬除枕骨鳞部及枕大孔,在不降低疗效及不增加神经系统并发症的前提下,可进一步减少手术创伤,缩短手术时间,减少术中失血量,增加寰枕部稳定性,明显降低并发症的发生率.

Abstract：

Objective To study the microsurgical effectiveness of modified Foerster-Dandy's operation for the treatment of spasmodic torticollis under endoscope-assisted.Method 183 cases of spasmodic torticollis patients were treated by microsurgical modified Foerster-Dandy's operation from July 2001 to June 2009, which was randomly classified into group A and group B.Group A(126 cases) were treated by firstly modified Foerster-Dandy's operation.Group B(57 cases) were treated by microsurgical modified Foerster-Dandy's operation under endoscope-assisting.The other surgical steps were same with firstly modified Foerster-Dandy's operation.Results All the patients were averagely followed up for 33.4 months after the surgery.The spasticity was relieved immediately after the operation in all the patients.In group A, dysphagia in different degree in 36 cases, in whom, dysphagia was disappeared in 18 cases,dysphagia was significantly relieved in 11 , and unchanged in 7 during the following-up period.In group B,dysphagia was in different degree in 8 cases, in whom, dysphagia was disappeared in 5 cases, dysphagia was significantly relieved in 2, and unchanged in 1 ( follow-up only one month) ( P < 0.05 ).The intracranial infection rates in A and B groups were 7.9% and 3.5% respectively( P <0.05).The mean operative time was also significantly shorter in Group B than in Group A( P <0.05).The mean intraoperative blood loss in Group B was less than in Group A( P <0.05).Conclusions Modified Foerster-Dandy's operation can be done under endoscope-assisted, without resection of occipital squama and foramen magnum.This modified operation is able to keep the efficacy and do not increase the nervous system complications.It further reduces the surgical injury and intraoperative blood loss, increases the stability of the atlanto-occipital, and significantly descreases the incidence of intracranial complications.     

改良动静脉内瘘成形术120例临床疗效分析

目的：报道应用改良连续缝合加褥式缝合血管进行血液透析内瘘术的临床效果。方法：选取120例需行血液透析患者男55例,女65例,年龄24岁～75岁,行前臂标准位桡动脉头静脉侧端改良连续缝合加褥式缝合内瘘术,通过临床及超声随访验证。结果：手术成功率达99％,内瘘长期有效率达98．2％。结论：应用改良连续缝合加褥式缝合血管行内瘘术能够收到良好的临床效果。     

小骨窗入路显微外科治疗高血压基底核区脑出血51例临床疗效观察

目的研究小骨窗入路显微外科治疗高血压基底核区脑出血的临床效果,为临床高血压基底脑出血的治疗提供依据。方法对入院治疗的102例患者进行研究,随机分为二组,对照组采用常规骨瓣开颅手术,观察组采用小骨窗入路显微外科治疗,比较二组患者GCS评分、溃疡及癫的发生率,二组患者手术时间、血肿清除率以及术后再出血率,比较二组患者脑梗死、脑积液等并发症的发生率,并对二组患者日常生活能力进行评分比较。结果观察组患者术后24h GCS评分明显高于对照组,癫及溃疡的发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者手术时间明显低于对照组,血肿清除率以及术后再出血率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者脑梗死、脑积液、肺部感染等并发症的发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者生活能力良好率为80.4%,明显高于对照组54.9%,二组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论小骨窗入路显微外科治疗高血压基底核区脑出血临床效果显著,手术操作时间更短,患者并发症更少,患者恢复生活能力的良好率更高,值得临床推广应用。     

经翼点入路显微手术治疗颅内动脉瘤54例

目的 探讨经翼点入路显微手术治疗颅内动脉瘤的方法。方法 应用显微神经外科技术，对54例颅内动脉瘤患者进行直视手术。经翼点入路，以Mayfied三头钉头架固定头部，取自耳屏前方、颧弓上缘至中线发际内作弧形切口。根据需要充分显露载瘤动脉后，再解剖瘤颈。结果 54例颅内动脉瘤手术夹闭成功，以格拉斯哥术后评分量表对患者神经功能评分，评分为好的患者48例，差者3例，死亡3例。结论 经翼点入路，应用显微外科技术，手术路径最短，视野角度最大，是手术治疗大脑动脉环动脉瘤的经典入路。     

单侧翼点入路一期夹闭术治疗颅内前循环倒影动脉瘤

目的 探讨单侧翼点入路一期夹闭术治疗颅内前循环倒影动脉瘤的方法及疗效。方法 回顾性分析2014年7月至2019年10月经单侧翼点入路一期夹闭术治疗的7例颅内前循环倒影动脉瘤的临床资料。结果 7例共19个动脉瘤,均一期手术成功夹闭;术后复查CTA显示动脉瘤瘤颈完全夹闭,载瘤动脉通畅。3例术中动脉瘤再次破裂。术后出现脑积水1例,行脑室-腹腔分流术后好转。未出现脑梗死及颅内感染等。术后随访3个月~3年,根据GOS:恢复良好5例,中残1例,重残1例。结论 颅内前循环倒影动脉瘤可选择单侧翼点入路一期手术夹闭治疗,手术成功率高,预后良好。     

Comparison of management approaches in deep-seated intracranial arteriovenous malformations: Does treatment improve outcome?

Deep-seated intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) represent a subset of AVMs characterized by variably reported outcomes regarding the risk of hemorrhage, microsurgical complications, and response to stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). We aimed to compare outcomes of microsurgery, SRS, endovascular therapy, and conservative follow-up in deep-seated AVMs. A prospectively maintained database of AVM patients (1990–2017) was queried to identify patients with ruptured and unruptured deep-seated AVMs (extension into thalamus, basal ganglia, or brainstem). Comparisons of hemorrhage-free survival and poor functional outcome (modified Rankin scale [mRS] > 2) were performed between conservative management, microsurgery (±pre-procedural embolization), SRS (±pre-procedural embolization), and embolization utilizing multivariable Cox and logistic regression analyses controlling for univariable factors with p < 0.05. Of 789 AVM patients, 102 had deep-seated AVMs (conservative: 34; microsurgery: 6; SRS: 54; embolization: 8). Mean follow-up time was 6.1 years and did not differ significantly between management groups (p = 0.393). Complete obliteration was achieved in 49% of SRS patients. Upon multivariable analysis controlling for baseline rupture with conservative management as a reference group, embolization was associated with an increased hazard of hemorrhage (HR = 6.2, 95%CI [1.1–40.0], p = 0.037), while microsurgery (p = 0.118) and SRS (p = 0.167) provided no significant protection from hemorrhage. Controlling for baseline mRS, microsurgery was associated with an increased risk of poor outcome (OR = 9.2[1.2–68.3], p = 0.030), while SRS (p = 0.557) and embolization (p = 0.541) did not differ significantly from conservative management. Deep AVMs harbor a high risk of hemorrhage, but the benefit from intervention Remains uncertain. SRS may be a relatively more effective approach if interventional therapy is indicated.     

三叉神经鞘瘤的临床分型及其手术疗效分析

目的探讨三叉神经鞘瘤的临床分型及其手术疗效。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2019年11月首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经外科手术治疗的51例(包括少见部位和肿瘤最大径≥6 cm的患者)三叉神经鞘瘤患者的临床资料。根据Yoshida和Kawase的MPE分型分别采用颞下经岩前入路(30例)、经额颞断颧弓入路(12例)、经额眶颧人路(4例)、经枕下乙状窦后入路(2例)、经乙状窦前入路(2例)和经远外侧入路(1例)。术后随访MRI、新发症状及脑神经功能的恢复情况。结果51例患者中,肿瘤全切除46例(90.2%),近全切除4例,大部切除1例,无手术死亡病例。其中6例中线-鞍上扩展亚型的患者,肿瘤全切除2例,近全切除3例,大部切除1例。7例肿瘤直径≥6 cm的患者中,肿瘤全切除6例,肿瘤卒中1例;其中4例行游离脂肪填塞结合颅底硬膜缝合的颅底重建。51例患者的随访时间为(20.2±2.7)个月(3~38个月)。24例术前面部麻木的患者中,12例(50.0%)随访期间仍存在重度三叉神经麻搏表现。51例患者中,有13例(25.5%)术后新发三叉神经功能异常的患者中,7例随访期间遗留轻度三叉神经麻搏症状。其余脑神经症状较术前有所恢复,并且术后新发神经功能障碍者大多恢复正常。6例中线-鞍上扩展亚型的患者术后神经功能恢复较差。结论三叉神经鞘瘤在MPE分型的基础上可增加中线-鞍上扩展亚型,该亚型相对少见,但其临床表现具有特征性,手术全切除困难。手术对于改善三叉神经鞘瘤面部麻木作用有限,术前伴有面部麻木者三叉神经功能预后较差。     

显微手术治疗高血压性脑出血的临床体会

目的探讨小骨窗开路经颞叶颞叶皮质显微外科清除血肿的手术方法,提高对高血压脑出血的治疗水平。方法回顾性分析我科自2007年3月至2010年3月基底节区高血压性脑出血患者大骨瓣开颅减压以及采用经颞叶皮质入路以显微外科手术治疗126例,总结其手术方法,比较其入路与其他手术入路的优缺点,探讨手术技巧。结果 126例患者中完全清除血肿90例、大部分清除血肿15例,再出血5例、存活105例、死亡21例。根据日常生活活动能力评分（activities of daily living,ADL）分级,手术后随访3个月,105例生存者预后达I级者6例,Ⅱ级43例,Ⅲ级18例,Ⅳ级26例,Ⅴ级13例。结论显微手术治疗基底节区脑出血,手术创伤小,时间短,止血可靠,安全有效。手术脑组织损伤小,可缩短昏迷时间,减少并发症,可提高患者生存率和生存质量。     

Varicocele anatomy during subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy in Chinese men

Knowledge of subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy is of fundamental importance to ensure that varicocele is resolved and testicular function is preserved. Our study aimed to describe the number of veins, arteries and lymphatics in the subinguinal spermatic cord and to clarify their differences between two sides, between patients with different complaints and between varicoceles with different clinical grades. A total of 102 consecutive patients underwent 162 primary subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomies, during which the number of vessels with different diameters was recorded. A mean number of 12.9 internal spermatic veins, 0.9 external spermatic veins, 1.8 internal spermatic arteries and 2.9 lymphatics were identified per cord. 88.2% of the internal spermatic arteries were surrounded by a dense complex of adherent veins. The external spermatic vein or veins were found in 49.4% of the cases. The mean number of medium (1–3 mm in diameter) internal spermatic veins on the left was larger than that on the right (P < 0.001). The mean number of medium internal spermatic veins in grade III varicocele was larger than that in grade I or grade II (P < 0.015). There was no significant anatomical difference between the men presenting for infertility, chronic testicular pain and both the two complaints.