张北地震后应激障碍患者神经内分泌和细胞因子的研究

目的研究应激障碍患者血浆皮质醇、生长激素、泌乳素和白细胞介素(IL)2,6,8与正常个体的差异.方法于河北省张北尚义发生里氏6.2级地震后3个月,在当地选取因地震导致的创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)患者34例(PTSD组),未达到PTSD诊断标准且不符合其他精神障碍的受应激个体30例(非PTSD受应激组),未受应激者34名(对照组),进行血浆皮质醇、生长激素、泌乳素和白细胞介素(IL)2,6,8的检测.血浆皮质醇、生长激素、泌乳素、IL-2检测采用放射免疫法; IL-6和IL-8检测采用酶联免疫法.结果 PTSD组患者和非PTSD受应激组的血浆皮质醇浓度均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.013,P=0.006);血浆IL-2浓度均明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P=0.000,P=0.000).三组间泌乳素及IL-6的差异无统计学意义(P=0.389,P=0.363).PTSD组的生长激素浓度与非PTSD受应激组(P=0.099)及对照组(P=0.511)的差异无统计学意义.非PTSD受应激组的生长激素浓度明显高于对照组(P=0.014).PTSD组患者IL-8浓度明显高于非PTSD受应激组 (P=0.021), 而与对照组的差异无统计学意义 (P=0.078).非PTSD受应激组IL-8浓度明显低于对照组(P=0.000).结论 PTSD患者的神经内分泌和免疫系统有异常改变.     

Hydrocortisone delivery to healthy and inflamed eyes using a micellar polysorbate 80 solution or albumin nanoparticles

Hydrocortisone was loaded onto albumin nanoparticles by sorption. Two systems were tested, one comprised of a 0.03% saturated drug solution, the other of a 0.2% micellised drug solution. In both cases 45–70% of the originally available drug was bound to the carrier surface. The systems were further tested by measuring the in vitro transport of radiolabelled hydrocortisone through porcine cornea. Nanoparticles led to sustained drug transport through the cornea. The distribution of both 0.2% hydrocortisone preparations (nanoparticles and solution) was then evaluated under in vivo conditions in healthy and inflamed eyes of rabbits. In all tissues the level of drug was higher in the inflamed than in the healthy eye due to increased cell permeability as a result of inflammatory processes. The application of nanoparticles led to lower hydrocortisone tissue concentrations than the reference solution due to the strong binding of hydrocortisone onto the particle system and the resulting slow release. An exception occurred with the reference solution in the conjunctiva, as less drug was found in the inflamed than in the normal tissue, since enhanced lacrimation led to increased drug drainage. In contrast, the corresponding nanoparticle preparation was more efficiently retained at the inflamed than at the normal conjunctiva. Consequently, in the inflamed eye, hydrocortisone-loaded nanoparticles enabled targeting to the precorneal area away from the inner segments of the eye.     

灵芝多糖拮抗环孢素A,氢化可的松及抗肿瘤药的免疫抑制作用

灵芝多糖在50,100和200μg·ml~1时可完全拮抗环孢素A,丝裂霉素C,氟尿嘧啶和阿糖胞苷对小鼠混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)的轻度抑制(抑制50％以下)作用,部分拮抗氢化考的松对MLR的严重抑制(抑制50％以上)作用。     

The neuroendocrine challenge paradigm in headache research

The neuroendocrine challenge paradigm provides a "window" on central neurotransmitter function in vivo. This strategy is based on the premise that the sensitivity of certain central receptors can be inferred from the magnitude of the hormonal response to specific pharmacologic probes. For example, the serotonin (5HT) receptor agonist m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) stimulates the release of cortisol and prolactin and induces migraine-like headaches. We have previously reported that the headache and cortisol responses to m-CPP are highly correlated, which may implicate a disturbance in central serotonergic neurotransmission in the pathogenesis of migraine. As pharmacologic probes with greater specificity for 5HT receptor subtypes become available, we may be able to elucidate these mechanisms with greater precision. The neuroendocrine challenge methodology is also applicable to the study of other neurotransmitter systems and other headache disorders.     

Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase-immunoreactive cells in developing rat superior cervical ganglion and the effect of hydrocortisone on their number

Rats were subcutaneously injected with hydrocortisone acetate. Control rats were similarly injected with saline. PNMT-immunoreactive cells in the superior cervical ganglia were immunohistochemically demonstrated, and the cell densities (number/mm³) of the PNMT-immunoreactive cells were counted.PNMT-immunoreactive cells were detected in ganglia of all age groups of the saline-treated control rats. With increasing age, there was a tendency to cluster formation. The number of the PNMT immunoreactive cells dramatically increased if hydrocortisone administration was initiated during the first two postnatal weeks. Hydrocortisone also caused appearance of numerous PNMT-immunoreactive fibres, which were not seen in controls. The cell density of the PNMT-immunoreactive cells in the hydrocortisone-treated rats was still increased, although less, if the hydrocortisone injections were started during the third postnatal week, as compared with the saline-injected control rats of the same age.After discontinuation of the first, early postnatal hydrocortisone treatment on days 2–6, the number of the PNMT-immunoreactive cells decreased during the following 2 weeks, but a second treatment with hydrocortisone daily for 7 days initiated as late as on postnatal day 63 caused a new significant increase in cell density and the appearance of immunoreactive fibres from them.It is concluded that PNMT-immunoreactive cells are present in the normal rat superior cervical ganglion during the whole postnatal developmental period. Their number can be increased with hydro-cortisone, as assessed on the basis of counted cell densities, during the first three postnatal weeks. Early postnatal hydrocortisone treatment preserves some cells in a stage in which they, on second exposure to glucocorticoids, can express PNMT immunoreactivity and increase in cell density.     

预注美托洛尔对全麻术中血流动力学及血清皮质醇、一氧化氮的影响

目的观察预注美托洛尔对患者血流动力学、吸入麻醉药MAC值及血清皮质醇（Cor），一氧化氮（NO）的影响。方法择期行胃肠道手术的患者24例，ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级，随机分成两组，分别给予美托洛尔0．05mg／kg（M组）及生理盐水（C组）。手术中连续监测MAP、HR、ST段，分别记录基础值（T0）、给药后（T1）、气管插管后即刻（T2）、手术切皮前（T3）、进腹后（T4）、手术结束时（T5）的MAP、HR、ST段的数值及每小时异氟醚的MAC值。分别在T0、T4、T5抽取患者的静脉血约4ml进行Cor、NO的测定。结果M组的HR明显慢于C组（P〈0．01），MAC值低于C组（P〈0．01）。两组各时点的MAP、ST段、Cor和NO水平差异均无统计学意义。C组L时Cor水平明显高于T0时（P〈0．05）。两组T4、T5时NO均高于T0时（P〈0．05）。结论术前预注β受体阻滞药具有稳定血流动力学、降低异氟醚MAC值的作用。     

维生素A拮抗氢化可的松延迟大鼠结肠吻合口愈合的作用

结肠吻合口而是结肠手术后重要的并发症和死亡原因。本研究通过动物实验观察到氢化可的松延迟结肠吻合口愈合，而维生素Ａ能促进结肠吻合口愈合，并拮抗氢化可的松的抑制作用。同时探讨了其作用机理。为临床长期应用类固醇制剂而需行结脉手术者，使用维生素Ａ以期降低吻合口漏发生率，提供了初步的实验依据。     

移植性肿瘤的自然消退与免疫形成的研究

本文对小鼠移植性肿瘤的自然消退与其免疫形成进行观察,结果表明:自然消退的EAC昆明鼠对肿瘤的再次攻击具有强烈的排斥反应。应用化疗药物RS034(Sodium sald.ofbishemisuccinate of 7β-Hydroxycholesterol)治愈的L_(1210) DBA/2小鼠进行肿瘤再次移植时,同样产生对抗作用。而用化疗药物5-Fu治愈的小鼠没有出现免疫排斥反应。     

氢化可的松琥珀酸钠联合雾化布地奈德治疗Ⅲ度喉梗阻

目的:观察氢化可的松琥珀酸钠联合雾化布地奈德治疗Ⅲ度喉梗阻的疗效。方法:观察组26例急性感染性喉炎合并Ⅲ度喉梗阻患儿,应用氢化可的松琥珀酸钠静脉注射联合氧气驱动雾化吸入布地奈德治疗。对照组25例给予静脉注射地塞米松,同时雾化吸入地塞米松治疗。两组均铺以抗生素等对症治疗。结果:入院治疗2h后,两组疗效比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:氢化可的松琥珀酸钠联合雾化布地奈德治疗III度喉梗阻起效极快,疗效明显优于用地塞米松静脉注射并同时吸入地塞米松,可避免行气管切手术。     

氢化可的松中残留醋酸的测定

目的建立了原料药氢化可的松中残留醋酸气相色谱测定方法.方法利用安捷伦6890,采用石英毛细管柱(IN-NOWAX聚乙二醇)进行测定.结果在此条件下,残留醋酸无杂质峰干扰;精密度及中间精密度相对标准偏差小于3.0%;本方法测定醋酸在0.5～50μg·mL-1,相当于样品中50～5000ppm范围具有良好的线性;醋酸检测限为1.3ppm,定量限为5ppm.结论本方法操作简便、结果准确、重复性好,可用于氢化可的松中残留醋酸的测定.