输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石治疗体外震波碎石失败后复杂性输尿管结石的临床探讨

目的：探讨输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石治疗体外震波碎石失败后复杂性输尿管结石的临床效果。方法选取2014年2月-2014年12月期间该院收治的复杂性输尿管结石患者80例,其中40例体外震波碎石失败后使用微创经皮肾穿刺取石+术(MPCNL)的患者作为对照组,另外40例体外震波碎石失败后使用输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石治疗的患者作为研究组,分析研究两组的治疗效果。结果对照组患者碎石成功率为95.0%(38/40),研究组患者中碎石成功率为92.50%(37/40),上段结石成功率80.00%(8/10),中段结石成功率90.00%(9/10),下段结石成功率95.00%(19/20),失败3例,占7.50%(3/40),研究组与对照组碎石成功率之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。其中有2例冲入肾盂后再次经输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石治疗,1例通过后腹腔镜下输尿管结石切开取石的方式取石,手术中输尿管穿孔1例,手术平均时间(65±15.50)min,住院时间(7.50±1.50)d。结论输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石是一种治疗体外震波碎石失败后复杂性输尿管结石的可靠手段,临床应用前景广阔。     

双镜联合技术在输尿管下段狭窄及损伤中的应用*

目的探讨腹腔镜输尿管镜双镜联合技术治疗输尿管下段狭窄及损伤的可行性及临床疗效。方法对2016年1月-2017年9月该院应用双镜联合技术治疗的18例输尿管下段狭窄及损伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,总结术中情况及手术经验。结果 18例手术均顺利完成,手术时间(172.7±22.5)min,术中出血(132.8±53.1)ml,术后肠蠕动功能恢复时间(1.6±0.4)d,术后下床活动时间(1.4±0.5)d,术后住院时间(7.1±1.7)d。所有患者平均随访(14.3±4.9)个月,无并发症,无输尿管再次狭窄。结论双镜联合技术可实现输尿管狭窄段/损伤段精确定位及准确切除,并实现输尿管原位吻合,没有解剖学结构改变,是一种安全可行、对机体创伤小且术后康复快的微创治疗方法,值得推广。     

小潮气量和呼吸暂停联合低呼气末正压通气在输尿管软镜手术中的应用*

目的探讨小潮气量和呼吸暂停联合低呼气末正压通气(PEEP)在输尿管软镜手术中的临床应用价值。方法选择2016年1月-2017年1月该院收治的肾结石行输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术患者80例,随机分为两组,各40例,对照组为小潮气量(6 ml/kg)联合呼吸暂停通气组,观察组为小潮气量(6 ml/kg)、呼吸暂停联合低PEEP(5 cm H2O)组,比较初次呼吸暂停前与恢复正常呼吸后1 min内,患者心率(HR)、血压变化、血气分析结果中动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)、动脉血氧分压(PaO_2)变化及呼吸力学指标如:气道峰压(Ppeak)、平均气道压(Pmean)变化,并统计不同时间点(麻醉前、手术开始前、拔除气管导管时、拔除气管后30 min及术后24 h)肺泡-动脉氧分压差(A-aDO_2)、呼吸指数(RI)及肺动态顺应性20(CLdyn20)变化趋势。结果恢复呼吸后,观察组HR及平均动脉压(MAP)、Ppeak及Pmean与呼吸暂停前比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),HR慢于恢复呼吸后对照组(P0.05),MAP低于恢复呼吸后对照组(P0.05),观察组Ppeak及Pmean均低于恢复呼吸后对照组(P0.05);观察组PaCO_2低于恢复呼吸后对照组(P0.05),PaO_2高于恢复呼吸后对照组(P0.05),拔除气管导管时、拔除气管后30 min及术后24 h,观察组A-aDO_2均明显低于对照组(P0.05),CLdyn20优于对照组(P0.05),RI大于对照组(P0.05)。结论针对输尿管软镜手术,术中行小潮气量(6 ml/kg)、呼吸暂停联合5 cm H2O低PEEP处理,在确保手术顺利进行前提下,可更好地维持患者生命体征平稳、血气分析结果正常,改善机体氧供需平衡,保护患者肺功能,促进患者术后恢复。     

Screening for colorectal neoplasms

Testing for occult blood in stool is used frequently as a screening technique for colorectal carcinomas, but no study has ever shown an improved survival rate for colorectal carcinoma in patients screened by this method. Consequently, the authors have prospectively compared the sensitivity of endoscopy and occult blood testing in finding colorectal neoplasms. During the first year of the Surgical Endoscopy Service, 585 patients underwent sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Seventy-nine patients (13.5 percent) were excluded from the study because their occult blood status was not recorded. Patients averaged 63+10 years of age and 98 percent were men. Of the 348 patients with occult blood negative stools 55.5 percent underwent colonoscopy and 44.5 percent underwent sigmoidoscopy. Polyps were found in 25.6 percent of these patients, colorectal carcinomas in 2.6 percent, and diverticulosis 36.2 percent. Of the 158 patients with occult blood positive stool, 76.5 percent underwent colonoscopy and 23.4 percent underwent sigmoidoscopy. Polyps were discovered in 39.0 percent of these patients, colorectal carcinomas in 10.1 percent, and diverticulosis in 43.0 percent. Thus, the occult blood test was negative in 59 percent of patients with polyps and 36 percent with colorectal cancers. These data indicate that lower gastrointestinal endoscopy is superior to occult blood testing in detecting colorectal neoplasms. These results further suggest that using the occult blood test as a screening test for colorectal neoplasms will result in a significant number of these lesions being missed at an early curable stage. Read at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Houston, Texas, May 11 to 15, 1986.     

Should Flexible Bronchoscopy be Routinely Performed in Aspiration Pneumonitis: Non Liquet

How to cite this article: Sehgal IS, Dhooria S, Agarwal R. Should Flexible Bronchoscopy be Routinely Performed in Aspiration Pneumonitis: Non Liquet. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(2):113–114.     

硕通镜碎石术与输尿管镜碎石术治疗尿路结石有效性和安全性的Meta分析

目的评价硕通镜和输尿管镜治疗尿路结石的有效性和安全性,并进行Meta分析。方法计算机检索英文数据库PubMed、Embase、The Cochrane Library和中文数据库CNKI、VIP、CBM及WanFang Data(检索时间为建库至2020年2月),收集有关比较硕通镜和输尿管镜治疗尿路结石的临床试验。由两名研究者独立进行文献筛选、数据提取和评价纳入文献的方法质量学,使用Review Manager 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果该研究共纳入8篇研究,总样本量为901例。硕通镜组术后1个月结石清除率较输尿管镜组高(OR=2.72,95%CI:1.78～4.13,P 0.05),并发症发生率较输尿管镜组低(OR=0.33,95%CI:0.22～0.50, P 0.05);两组置鞘成功率(OR=0.73, 95%CI:0.25～2.10)、手术时间(MD=-3.14,95%CI:-11.78～5.50)和术后住院时间(MD=-0.02,95%CI:-0.13～0.09)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论硕通镜碎石术相对于传统输尿管镜而言,是一种能使患者受益的手术方式,拥有更高的结石清除率与较低的并发症发生率,但手术时间和住院时间等方面还需要更多高质量的试验予以验证,以期为临床提供参考。     

两种口腔纤维桩修复残根残冠的临床效果及对咀嚼功能的影响

目的:探讨预成纤维桩和可塑纤维桩修复残根残冠的临床效果,以及对患者咀嚼功能的影响. 方法:选择符合标准的患者73例84颗患牙,随机分为观察组37例43颗患牙、对照组36例41颗患牙,对照组采用可塑纤维桩修复,观察组采用预成纤维桩修复,随访1年观察两组修复效果,比较治疗前后咀嚼功能. 结果:两组患者治疗前咬合力及咀嚼效率相似,差异无统计学意义( P>0.05);治疗后1个月,两组患者咬合力及咀嚼效率较治疗前均改善,但是观察组改善幅度更显著,差异有统计学意义( P<0.05). 观察组患者成功率为93.02%,高于对照组的82.93%,差异有统计学意义( P<0. 05). 观察组并发症发生率2.33%,低于对照组的12.20%,差异有统计学意义( P<0.05). 结论:预成纤维桩修复残根残冠效果显著,有效改善咀嚼功能,是残冠残根修复的理想方法之一,值得临床推广应用.     

Impact of flexible insulin therapy on blood glucose variability,oxidative stress and inflammation in type 1 diabetic patients: The VARIAFIT study

AimsHbA_1c only partially predicts vascular risk in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and a role for blood glucose variability (BGV) is a matter of debate. For this reason, this study investigated the impact of an educational programme of flexible insulin therapy (FIT) on BGV and oxidative stress.MethodsTests were conducted on 30 adult T1D patients in a prospective, single-centre trial at baseline (M0), and at 3 and 6 months (M3 and M6, respectively) of the FIT programme to determine BGV, as reflected by mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions (MAGE), low blood glucose index (LBGI), lability index (LI), average daily risk range (ADRR), glycaemic lability (scored by two diabetologists), urinary leukotriene E₄ (LTE4), 11-dehydro-thromboxane B₂ (TXB2) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (PGF2).ResultsHbA_1c (7.7 ± 0.9%), ADRR, MAGE, LBGI and LI did not change from M0 to M3 and M6, although ADRR and LBGI significantly improved at M3 and M6 in patients with the highest baseline indices (≥ 40 and ≥ 5, respectively). TXB2 declined at M6 (832 ± 625 vs. 633 ± 972 pg/mg; P = 0.048), whereas LTE4 and PGF2 remained stable. ADRR showed the strongest correlation with glycaemic lability scores at all visits (r ≥ 0.84, P < 0.0001).ConclusionA FIT educational programme improved BGV only in patients with the highest baseline variability, and led to no changes in HbA_1c, while ADRR closely correlated with glycaemic lability score. Our data do not support a relationship between BGV and oxidative stress in T1D patients, although the impact of variability on TXB2 deserves further investigation (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00973492).     

Virtual chromoendoscopy in small bowel capsule endoscopy: New light or a cast of shadow?

AIM: To evaluate whether virtual chromoendoscopy can improve the delineation of small bowel lesions previously detected by conventional white light small bowel capsule endoscopy(SBCE). METHODS: Retrospective single center study. One hundred lesions selected from forty-nine consecutive conventional white light SBCE(SBCE-WL) examinations were included. Lesions were reviewed at three Flexible Spectral Imaging Color Enhancement(FICE) settings and Blue Filter(BF) by two gastroenterologists with ex-perience in SBCE, blinded to each other's findings, whoranked the quality of delineation as better, equivalent or worse than conventional SBCE-WL. Inter-observer percentage of agreement was determined and analyzed with Fleiss Kappa(k) coefficient. Lesions selected for the study included angioectasias(n = 39), ulcers/ero-sions(n = 49) and villous edema/atrophy(n = 12). RESULTS: Overall, the delineation of lesions was im-proved in 77% of cases with FICE 1, 74% with FICE 2, 41% with FICE 3 and 39% with the BF, with a percent-age of agreement between investigators of 89%(k = 0.833), 85%(k = 0.764), 66%(k = 0.486) and 79%(k = 0.593), respectively. FICE 1 improved the delineation of 97.4% of angioectasias, 63.3% of ulcers/erosions and 66.7% of villous edema/atrophy with a percentage of agreement of 97.4%(k = 0.910), 81.6%(k = 0.714) and 91.7%(k = 0.815), respectively. FICE 2 improved the delineation of 97.4% of angioectasias, 57.1% of ulcers/erosions and 66.7% of villous edema/atrophy, with a percentage of agreement of 89.7%(k = 0.802), 79,6%(k = 0.703) and 91.7%(k = 0.815), respectively. FICE 3 improved the delineation of 46.2% of angioecta-sias, 24.5% of ulcers/erosions and none of the cases of villous edema/atrophy, with a percentage of agreement of 53.8% [k = not available(NA)], 75.5%(k = NA) and 66.7%(k = 0.304), respectively. The BF improved the delineation of 15.4% of angioectasias, 61.2% of ulcers/erosions and 25% of villous edema/atrophy, with a per-centage of agreement of 76.9%(k = 0.558), 81.6%(k = 0.570) and 25.0%(k = NA), respectively.CONCLUSION: Virtual chromoendoscopy can improve the delineation of angioectasias, ulcers/erosions and villous edema/atrophy detected by SBCE, with almost perfect interobserver agreement for FICE 1.     

Is peracetic acid suitable for the cleaning step of reprocessing flexible endoscopes?

The bioburden(blood, protein, pathogens and biofilm) on flexible endoscopes after use is often high and its removal is essential to allow effective disinfection, es-pecially in the case of peracetic acid-based disinfect-ants, which are easily inactivated by organic material. Cleaning processes using conventional cleaners remove a variable but often sufficient amount of the biobur-den. Some formulations based on peracetic acid are recommended by manufacturers for the cleaning step. We performed a systematic literature search and re-viewed the available evidence to clarify the suitability of peracetic acid-based formulations for cleaning flex-ible endoscopes. A total of 243 studies were evaluated. No studies have yet demonstrated that peracetic acid-based cleaners are as effective as conventional clean-ers. Some peracetic acid-based formulations have dem-onstrated some biofilm-cleaning effects and no biofilm-fixation potential, while others have a limited cleaning effect and a clear biofilm-fixation potential. All published data demonstrated a limited blood cleaning effect and a substantial blood and nerve tissue fixation potential of peracetic acid. No evidence-based guidelines on reproc-essing flexible endoscopes currently recommend using cleaners containing peracetic acid, but some guidelines clearly recommend not using them because of their fixa-tion potential. Evidence from some outbreaks, especially those involving highly multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens, indicated that disinfection using peracetic acid may be insufficient if the preceding cleaning step is not performed adequately. Based on this review we conclude that peracetic acid-based formulations should not be used for cleaning flexible endoscopes.