下颈椎经关节螺钉钉棒系统固定的生物力学研究

目的：比较下颈椎三柱损伤后单独经关节螺钉固定（TAS）、经关节钉棒系统同定（TRS）和侧块螺钉钉棒系统固定（LRS）的三维稳定性。方法：12具新鲜颈椎标本．制成C4／5、C5／6节段三柱损伤模型，分别进行单独经关节螺钉（TAS组）、经关节螺钉钉棒系统（TRS组）和侧块螺钉钉棒系统（LRS组）三种方法固定，在非限制性和非破坏性的实验条件下测试其前屈、后伸、左右侧弯和轴向旋转运动状态的稳定性。结果：TAS组和TRS组在各方向的运动范同（ROM）和中性区（NZ）的均数均显著小于完整标本组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；LRS组在前屈、后伸、侧弯运动中的ROM和NZ与完整标本组比较有显著降低，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；LRS组在旋转运动中的ROM和NZ与完整标本组比较有不同程度的降低，但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。TAS、TRS在各个方向稳定性明显优于LRS组（P〈0．05）。TRS在前屈运动中的ROM和NZ与TAS组比较有所减小，但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；在后伸、侧弯和旋转运动中，TRS组稳定性明显优于TAS组，有统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：在下颈椎三柱损伤选择经关节固定技术时以钉棒形式同定稳定性更好。     

外伤性急性颈椎间盘突出症(附19例报告)

本文旨在阐明MRI对急性颈椎间盘突出的诊断价值。19例均有明显的外伤史,X线片无骨折脱位者12例。其中C_(5～6),髓核突出7例,C_(5～6)、C_(1～5),突出5例。有小关节绞锁半脱位者7例,MRI均示损伤间隙有髓核突出。19例均为不全瘫。全部病例经前路椎间盘切除、植骨融合。平均随访15个月,植骨块平均于12周愈合。除1例骨块退出4～5mm外,余位置良好。脊髓功能均有明显恢复。结论:外伤是急性颈椎间盘突出的主要原因,而颈椎间盘突出又是SCIWORA综合征的主要原因。对小关节绞锁半脱位者应考虑同时有椎间盘突出的可能。手术治疗一般效果良好。     

磁刺激运动诱发电位在腰椎间盘突出所致的腰骶神经根病变中的应用研究

在35例有L5和／或S1神经根损害表现的腰椎间盘突出患者腰椎区进行磁刺激运动诱发电位（MEP）检查，测定、记录胫前肌、展肌和小趾展肌MEP的起始潜伏期（OL）。结果显示，35例中至少有一条总侧肌肉MEP异常33例（94．3％）。在L4－5椎间盘突出中，以胫前肌的MEP异常为主；在L5－S1椎间盘突出中，以小趾展肌的MEP异常为主。表明腰椎区MEP检查对腰椎间盘突出所致的腰骶神经根病变较为敏感，可为临床诊断提供可靠依据并有助于定位诊断。     

TBS诊断系统在宫颈病变中的应用研究

目的：对642例查体病人的宫颈涂片进行分析，研究宫颈良性病变和癌前病变及癌变在正常人群中的的发病率。方法：应用TBS系统对兰州市某大型商场30～51岁妇女642例行子宫颈涂片，显微镜下阅片，作出诊断，并对SIL以上的病例行阴道镜下活检术，进行病理检查。结果：正常582例，异常60剜，全部病例中仅1例漏诊。结论：TBS诊断系统与病理和临床诊断趋于一致，具有很高的准确性和适用性。     

经后路钛网椎板成形侧块内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效观察

目的 观察后路钛网椎板成形侧块内固定加植骨术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。方法 自1999年至今，共有16例脊髓型颈椎病患者经后路钛网椎板成形侧块内固定加植骨术治疗，对治疗结果进行临床及X线评定。结果 通过平均2年5个月的随访，所有病例都得到了改善，其中优6例、良8例、可2例，优良率为93．8％；术后椎管矢状径平均增加4．2mm，钛网无位置变化，并已被再生骨固定。结论 在进行后路减压的同时，钛网椎板成形及侧块内固定，尤其适用于有节段性不稳的脊髓型颈椎病并椎管狭窄、后纵韧带骨化症的治疗。     

中下段颈椎的应力松弛特性及前、后路手术对其的影响

目的 研究中下段颈椎的应力松弛特性，并评估椎间盘切除植骨术与椎板切开术对其影响。方法 6例新鲜尸体完整颈椎及手术后颈椎，在模拟生理状态下进行屈曲及伸展位的应力松弛实验。结果 在恒应变条件下，绘制术前及不同术式后的中下段颈椎的应力松弛函数及曲线；术后的中下段颈椎的应力和初始化应力比值G(t)比术前明显增大，前路椎间盘切除植骨术后的G(t)值比椎板切开术大，两者均有统计学意义。结论 在恒应变条件下，颈椎具有快速应力松弛敏感性，屈曲位比伸展位大。椎板成形术及颈椎前路椎间盘切除植骨术都使颈椎的应力松弛能力减弱，前路椎间盘切除植骨术的影响更大。     

Cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus testing after treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

OBJECTIVE: To compare current cytological follow up of women treated for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) with follow up by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) testing together with cytology. DESIGN: A cost-effectiveness modelling study. SETTING: Gynaecology clinics in the Netherlands. POPULATION: Women treated for high-grade CIN. METHODS: A Markov model was developed to compare six follow-up strategies with HPV testing with current cytological follow up at 6, 12, and 24 months. Model parameter estimation was based on three Dutch follow-up studies and a Dutch population-based screening cohort. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The number of CIN2/3 cases missed after 5 years follow up, the number of diagnostic procedures, and costs involved. RESULTS: Strategies with adjunct HPV testing were more effective than current follow up (reduction in missed CIN2/3 cases 32-77%, corresponding to a number needed to treat of 192-455) and less inconvenient (reduction in repeat smears 28-65%). A particularly attractive strategy was HPV testing alone at 6 months and both HPV and cytological testing at 24 months after treatment. This strategy yielded a high detection rate of post-treatment CIN, did not lead to an increase in colposcopy rate, and was 49 Euro per woman cheaper than the current strategy. CONCLUSIONS: Our model supports the use of high-risk HPV testing for monitoring women treated for high-grade CIN.     

Evaluating the impact of human papillomavirus vaccines

While two prophylactic HPV vaccines have been proven notably efficacious in clinical trials, the effectiveness of these vaccines at the population level remains to be evaluated. To lay the foundation for understanding the strengths and limitations of different endpoints for future effectiveness research, we present a comprehensive review of HPV-related clinical outcomes, including: (i) HPV type-specific positivity and persistence, (ii) Pap diagnoses (ASC-US, LSIL, and HSIL), (iii) histologic cervical cancer precursor lesions (i.e., CIN1, CIN2, and CIN3), (iv) invasive cervical cancer (ICC), (v) anogenital warts, (vi) recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), and (vii) other HPV-associated cancers (vulvar, vaginal, anal, penile, and oropharyngeal). While research on the vaccines’ effects on these HPV clinical outcomes in the general population is presently limited, numerous large trials will soon be completed, making a priori discussion of these potential outcomes especially urgent. Furthermore, population level systems to track HPV-associated clinical outcomes may need to be developed for HPV vaccine effectiveness evaluation.