急诊手术后危重老年患者不复苏指令确立的性别差异

急诊手术后部分老年患者病情危重至心肺复苏术无效而被给予“不复苏（DNR）”指令。最近美国科研人员研究了DNR指令及发病率和病死率的影响因素。他们对2000年1月1日后收住重症监护室（ICU）前接受了急诊手术的患者进行了前瞻性研究。研究指标包括年龄、性别、入院诊断、原始急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分Ⅲ（APACHEⅢ）和年龄修正的APACHEⅢ评分（aAⅢ）、DNR指令的发布、发病率及病死率。主要结果为DNR状态、发病率及病死率。研究按年龄（〉75岁和≤75岁）和性别进行分组，总计纳入了723例达到研究标准的急诊手术患者（消化道35．0％，创伤20．0％，神经系统17．0％）。92例患者（12．7％）被下达了DNR指令，病死率为82．6％。女性患者发生DNR状态较多（16．4％比9．5％，     

高压氧治疗手术后椎间盘炎1例

手术后椎间盘炎是脊柱外科手术后一种严重并发症，由于临床症状严重，治疗措施不理想，常给患者带来很大痛苦，临床中我们应用高压氧治愈2例（1例为脊柱滑脱手术后），特报告如下。     

警惕痔疮掩盖下的直肠癌

53岁的梁师傅是一名长途汽车司机,多年来一直有便秘的毛病,有时大便带血,为此他去过几趟医院,医生们都说是痔疮。他想:“十男九痔”,这又不是什么了不起的大病,就没把它当回事,只是在痔疮发作严重、大便带血较多时去药店买几盒痔疮膏擦一擦,或者自己吃一些清热消炎的药物来对付一阵子。去年二月,他的老毛病又患了,他又按照老办法吃药擦药膏,可是半个月过去了,便血非但没有好转,反而还出现了大便梗阻,最后经医生仔细检查,被确诊为直肠癌,当手术医生打开他的腹腔时,发现癌肿已经扩散到腹部,根本无法手术清除干净,只给他做了个直肠改道手术就缝…     

还原型谷胱甘肽联合甘草酸二铵对腹部开放伤后海水浸泡犬肝功能损伤的治疗作用

Objective To investigate effect of reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate on the treatment of hepatic damage in experimental dogs following open abdominal injuries coupled with seawater immersion. Methods Twenty-four dogs with open abdominal injuries were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group (given with simple observation after 1.5 h seawater immersion); the routine treatment group (given routine care and fluid transfusion after 1.5 h seawater immersion) ; the hepatic treatment group (given routine are, fluid transfusion and hepatic treatment as well, after 1.5 h seawater immersion). Each group consisted of 8 dogs. Blood samples were taken at different time points to measure total bilirubin (TB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), prothromin time (PT), endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and pathological examination was also made at the same time. Results For the control group, contents of TB, ALT, AST and LDH increased significantly and survival time was less than 24 hours. Contents of TB, ALT, AST and LDH of the routine treatment group also increased significantly, but survival time of all the experimental animals was mere than 24 hours. Reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate could reduce the extent of lesion quite significantly 12～24 hours following open abdominal injuries. Conclusions Reduced glutathione and diammonium glycyrrhizinate seemed to have good effects on the treatment and prevention against hepatic damage induced by trauma coupled with seawater immersion. It could be used as a primary means for the treatment of such kind of hepatic damage.     

骨盆底肌的小秘密

背靠椅子站立，双手扶住椅背，腹部和大腿收紧。双脚脚跟并拢，提起脚跟，收缩会阴部位，然后放松。     

剖宫产术后产妇的护理体会

为提高护理质量，我们对我院2000年1月～2005年10月303例剖宫产后产妇进行有预见性的护理，避免发生各种手术后并发症，通过各种护理手段和措施，减轻产妇的痛苦和不适，促使产妇早日康复。现总结如下：     

淋巴瘤致膀胱回肠瘘一例

患者,女,44岁。因下腹部胀痛1月余,小便带粪渣20d入住我院泌尿外科。病程中解小便困难,为点滴状,无发热、腰痛、血尿,无尿频、尿急、尿痛等膀胱刺激症状。体格检查:T37℃,P70次/分,R19次/分,BP130/80mmHg,全身浅表淋巴结未扪及肿大,心肺未见异常,腹部平软,肝脾肋下未触及,未见手术瘢痕,脐下膀胱区轻压痛,双侧肾区无压痛及叩击痛,外阴正常。直肠指检:未触及结节,指套无血染。妇检:未见明显异常。辅助检查:①血常规:WBC11.25×109/L,中性粒细胞81.3%,单核细胞8.2%,淋巴细胞10.1%。②血生化正常。③膀胱镜检示:膀胱充血,未见新生物及结石,…     

交通伤中腹部闭合性损伤合并颅脑伤的早期诊治

在所有致伤原因中．道路交通伤（road traffic injury，RTI）占50％左右．我国交通伤人数呈不断增多趋势。在RTI患者死亡的危险因素中。内脏损伤与颅脑损伤均为主要致死因素口，两者并存给救治带来更大挑战。多发伤患者死亡高峰在伤后68小时以内．约占80％。因此，如何早期诊治．以提高治愈率、减少并发症、降低死亡率有着非常重要的意义。总结如下。     

19例胰十二指肠损伤的诊治体会

1994-2004年我院共收治腹部闭合性损伤324例，其中经手术证实为胰十二指肠损伤18例，占5．5％，他院转入1例，共19例，死亡2例，病死率10％，现将我们的诊治体会介绍如下。