接受机械取栓治疗的急性脑梗死患者血栓特征研究进展

急性脑梗死是威胁我国人民健康的重大疾病,其致死率及致残率均较高,造成了沉重的社会负担。及时开通导致梗死的责任血管以恢复脑灌注是治疗该病的关键。机械取栓技术的应用使得患者的血栓组织能够被获取并得到研究。本文介绍了近年来通过机械取栓术获取的血栓的相关研究发现,以纤维蛋白为主的血栓是造成取栓困难的重要组织学原因,影像学方法可以在术前评估血栓特征。这些发现提示临床工作者可以积极开发新型血栓取出装置用于处理难治性血栓,并有必要探索精确便捷的血栓特征影像学评价方法,从而提高机械取栓疗效。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

适应性支持通气在老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者呼吸机应用中临床价值

目的观察适应性支持通气在老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者呼吸机应用中的临床价值。方法选取自2016年1月至2018年6月首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院收治的121例老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者为研究对象。所有患者均接受呼吸机治疗,根据机械通气模式不同,将患者分入A组(同步间歇指令通气,n=60)和B组(适应性支持通气,n=61)。比较两组患者的呼吸动力学相关指标(呼吸频率、吸气阻力、内源性呼气末正压、第0.1秒气道闭合压、静态肺顺应性),呼吸机撤机时间和撤机成功率,不同时间点(通气前、通气2 h、拔管前)血气分析值(pH值、氧分压、二氧化碳分压)。结果 B组患者呼吸频率、吸气阻力、内源性呼气末正压均低于A组,第0.1秒气道闭合压、静态肺顺应性均高于A组。两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组患者呼吸机撤机时间短于A组,撤机成功率高于A组,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者通气前、通气2 h、拔管前的pH值、氧分压呈逐渐上升趋势,二氧化碳分压呈逐渐下降趋势;本组3个时间点的pH值、氧分压、二氧化碳分压两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病并发呼吸衰竭患者呼吸机应用中采用适应性支持通气模式,可促进患者自主呼吸功能恢复,减少通气时间,提高撤机成功率,安全性较好。     

腹腔镜完全腹膜外疝修补术治疗成人腹股沟疝效果观察

目的探讨腹腔镜完全腹膜外疝修补术(TEP)与开放式无张力疝修补术(OTFH)治疗成人腹股沟疝的效果。方法选取2016-01—2019-02间商丘市立医院和虞城县人民医院收治的80例成人腹股沟疝患者,将38例接受OTFH术的患者作为对照组,将42例接受TEP术的患者作为腹腔镜组。比较2组的疗效及随访期间的复发情况。结果全部患者均顺利完成手术。2组手术时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。腹腔镜组术后胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间、并发症发生率均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后随访3个月～1 a期间,2组均未出现复发。结论 TEP术治疗成人腹股沟疝并发症少、术后康复快、安全、有效。     

电针复合TCI靶控输注在单肺通气食管癌开胸手术麻醉中的应用与安全性＊

目的 探讨电针复合靶控输注（Target Controlled Infusion， TCI）在单肺通气食管癌开胸手术麻醉中的应用价值。方法 选取于我院拟行单肺通气食管癌开胸切除手术患者60例作为研究对象。随机将其分为试验组与对照组，对照组30例采取气管插管全麻及TCI靶控输注维持麻醉深度，试验组30例则在对照组方案基础上辅助电针麻醉，记录两组患者手术麻醉时间、药物用量、苏醒时间、并发症；以及术前（T_Ⅰ）、插管前即刻（T_Ⅱ）、插管后1 min（T_Ⅲ）、切皮即刻（T_Ⅳ）、去骨时（T_Ⅴ）、拔管即刻（T_Ⅵ）时平均动脉压（MAP）、平均心率（HR）、BIS值；术前、术后1天、术后3天简易智能精神状态检查量表（MMSE）；并于麻醉诱导前（T₀）、手术开始2 h（T₁）、术后1天（T₂）、术后3天（T₃）时抽取患者外周静脉血检测IL-1β、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α浓度。结果 试验组手术用时、麻醉时间略低于对照组，但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），试验组异丙酚、舒芬太尼用量以及苏醒时间均明显低于对照组（P<0.05）；T_Ⅱ时两组平均动脉压（Mean Arterial Pressure， MAP）、心率（Heartrate， HR）较术前明显降低，且试验组MAP明显低于对照组（P<0.05），但两组T_Ⅱ时HR比较无显著差异（P>0.05）；T_Ⅲ、T_Ⅵ时对照组MAP、HR明显高于T_Ⅰ时，而试验组MAP、HR与T_Ⅰ比较无显著差异（P>0.05）。术后1天、3天试验组简易智能精神状态检查量表（Mini-Mental State Examination， MMSE）评分低于对照组，有显著性差异（P<0.05）。T₁、T₂、T₃时试验组白介素-1β（IL-1β）、白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子（Tumor Necrosis Factor-α， TNF-α）水平明显低于对照组（P<0.05），白介素-10（IL-10）水平明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 采用电针复合TCI靶控输注麻醉方案可有效提升单肺通气食管癌开胸手术麻醉效果，能够降低患者术后认知功能障碍发生风险。