吉林省七年鼠情监测结果分析

吉林省经七年来的鼠情监测,基本查清与人们接触密切的鼠类,特别是传播疾病的主要鼠类的分布规律,分析出我省家鼠有两个高峰(6月和10～11月),野鼠也有两个高峰(6月和10月),这与我省流行性出血热两个高峰相吻合,鼠峰在病峰之前。1986年以后,由于我省开展大规模灭家鼠活动,家鼠高峰已不存在规律性。通过几年来的灭鼠活动,使家鼠密度呈下降趋势,城镇褐家鼠和小家鼠构成比发生变化。城镇未爆发家鼠型流行性出血热。鼠情监测为灭鼠防病工作提供了科学依据。     

A persisting secular trend for body measurements in Dutch children. The Oosterwolde 11 study

To investigate whether the secular trend for growth in Dutch children still exists, the Oosterwolde I study of 1980 was repeated in 1989. A persisting secular trend was visible for height while the z scores of body proportions show no change during the past 10 years, which suggests that there is no change in the timing of puberty.     

Diagnosis of the acute ischaemic heart by ion elution from myocardium.

The post-mortem diagnosis of acute myocardial ischaemia may be difficult to establish in the absence of morphological changes in the myocardium or recent coronary thrombosis. Ischaemic cell injury leads to potassium (K) efflux and sodium (Na) influx and, if the blood is still circulating, the K:Na ratio of the tissue falls. In this study, the K:Na ratio was measured by eluting the ions from samples of myocardium and assaying the eluate. The method yields similar results to those obtained by a previous method, in which myocardial samples were homogenized. The K:Na ratios on samples of horizontal slices through the heart were plotted on maps of the slices. A low K:Na ratio corresponded to, but extended beyond, areas where there was morphological evidence of ischaemia. The method is simple and may be of use in routine practice.     

United states non-Hodgkin's lymphoma surveillance by occupation 1984-1989: A twenty-four state death certificate study

Death certificates from 23,890 male and female non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) cases and 119,450 noncancer controls from 24 states for the period 1984-1989 were used to generate hypotheses regarding occupational associations. Cases were frequency matched by age, race, and gender with five controls per case. Odds ratios were calculated for 231 industries and 509 occupations. Significant associations were observed for a variety of white-collar professionals (i.e., real estate agents, secretaries, bookkeepers, teachers, postal employees, business agents, engineers, chemists, and medical professionals) and blue-collar occupations (i.e., firefighters, farm managers, aircraft mechanics, electronic repairers, mining machine operators, and crane and tower operators). © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

广西武鸣华侨农场心血管病危险因素的调查研究

对广西武鸣华侨农场4158人进行基线普查,410人进行膳食调查和作8小时夜尿电解质测定,并将高血压低发区广西的资料与高发区的北京作对比.结果显示,体重指数高是高血压一个重要的危险因素,而体重过重又与膳食中摄入碳水化合物和总热量大有关.另一主要的危险因素是钠,膳食中摄入钠高,尿Na和Na/K比值高者,血压水平和高血压的患病率亦高.     

应用QQC活动提高儿科静脉穿刺成功率

目的提高静脉穿刺成功率，减少患儿因反复穿刺造成的痛苦及恐惧，减轻家长因担心穿刺困难而产生的焦虑，提高治疗和抢救的效率。方法详细介绍了QQC活动在提高儿科静脉穿刺成功率的应用，包括找出目前存在的问题，确定目标、采用流程图的方法分析问题存在的原因，制定相应的质量改进方案，并测量实施结果。结果实施QQC活动后静脉穿刺成功率比实施前明显提高。结论有效的QQC活动可以提高静脉穿刺成功率。     

Diuretic and hypotensive actions of torasemide in hypertensive models of rat

The diuretic and the antihypertensive actions of torasemide were examined in renal and genetic hypertensive rats and compared to the effects of furosemide. Oral administration of torasemide (1 and 3 mg/kg) elicited a dose-dependent increase in the excretion of urine and electrolytes and elevated the urinary Na/K ratio in both renal and genetic hypertensive rats. Torasemide and furosemide had a similar maximum diuretic effect in the normotensive Wistar rat and the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). However, the diuretic activity of furosemide was weaker in the renal hypertensive rat (RHR). Torasemide showed approximately 30 times greater diuretic potency than furosemide. Torasemide and furosemide demonstrated hypotensive action in hypertensive rat models, but not in the normotensive Wistar rat. Especially in the RHR, torasemide exhibited a more potent hypotensive action than furosemide. These results show that the diuretic and antihypertensive activities of torasemide are effective in various rat models of hypertension, while the diuretic activity of furosemide is weak in certain hypertensive rat models. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

青中年人群微量白蛋白尿患病率与心血管疾病危险因素的关系

目的　探讨微量白蛋白尿患病率与心血管疾病危险因素的关系。方法　选择 775例 (男 32 6例 ,女 4 4 9例 )年龄 2 0～ 5 0岁的社区人群 ,测定其体重指数 (BMI)、血压、空腹血糖、血脂谱 ;收集晨尿检测尿白蛋白、尿肌酐浓度 ,并计算尿白蛋白 /尿肌酐的比率。根据有无高血糖、高血压或高三酰甘油 /低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (高TG/低HDL C)血症分为 4组 ,即正常组 (A组 )、1种代谢紊乱组 (B组 )、2种代谢紊乱组 (C组 )及代谢综合征组 (D组 ) ,评价微量白蛋白尿与代谢紊乱的关系。结果　①糖尿病患者微量白蛋白尿的患病率为 2 2 .2 % ,显著高于正常血糖者 (5 .2 % ,P =0 .0 0 2 ) ;高TG/低HDL C血症者微量白蛋白尿的患病率为 8.3% ,显著高于正常血脂者 (4.0 % ,P =0 .0 12 ) ;高血压患者与正常血压者的差异无显著性。②随代谢紊乱加重 ,尿白蛋白浓度显著升高 (协方差分析 ,P <0 .0 1) ,微量白蛋白尿患病率升高 (趋势分析 ,P =0 .0 0 3)。③ 4组间尿肌酐浓度、尿白蛋白 /尿肌酐的差异无显著性。结论　①糖尿病、高TG/低HDL血症人群的微量白蛋白尿的发病率显著升高。②随代谢紊乱加重 ,微量白蛋白尿患病率亦升高     

不同类型精神分裂症患者脑脊液色氨酸及其与竞争性氨基酸比值对照研究

应用高压液相色谱（ＰＨＬＣ）对４２例阳性精神分裂症患者、２５例阴性精神分裂症患者及１０例健康正常对照组脑脊液中色氨酸（Ｔｒｙｔｏｐｈａｎ，ＴＲＰ）和酪氢酸（Ｔｙｒｏｓｉｎｅ，Ｔｙｒ）进行测试，其中ＴＲＰ／Ｔｙｒ被作为两者竞争指数，结果提示阳性、阴性精神分裂症患者脑脊液中Ｔｙｒ显著性降低，而ＴＲＰ则无显著性变化。但发现阳性精神分裂症患者的ＴＲＰ／Ｔｙｒ比值显著高于正常对照组，也显著高于阴性精神分裂症患者，本文结合ＴＲＰ／Ｔｙｒ的意义与价值进行了讨论。     

双水平压力调节通气与反比通气对健康及急性肺损伤犬心肺功能影响的比较研究

目的 :比较双水平压力调节 (BIPAP)通气和反比通气 (IRV)对心肺功能的影响。方法 :在两种通气模式 0、0 .5和 1.0 k Pa呼气末压 (EEP)时 ,分别测定健康犬及油酸诱发急性肺损伤犬的呼吸力学、血流动力学及血气分析各参数。结果 :无论有无急性肺损伤 ,BIPAP通气时平均气道压 (m Paw )均明显低于 IRV时(P均 <0 .0 5 )。给健康犬用 IRV通气时 ,上述 3种 EEP水平的 m Paw分别为 (0 .437± 0 .10 3) k Pa、(0 .811±0 .0 93) k Pa和 (1.36 0± 0 .119) k Pa;用 BIPAP通气时则分别降为 (0 .2 2 5± 0 .0 71) k Pa、(0 .6 11± 0 .10 5 ) k Pa和(1.10 7± 0 .0 89) k Pa。油酸诱发急性肺损伤后 ,m Paw分别由 IRV时 (0 .72 5± 0 .2 2 2 ) k Pa、(1.186± 0 .2 98) k Pa和 (1.6 0 0± 0 .10 0 ) k Pa降至 BIPAP时 (0 .35 0± 0 .12 9) k Pa、(0 .6 2 5± 0 .15 0 ) k Pa和 (1.12 5± 0 .0 96 ) k Pa;但两种通气模式中气道峰压、心排血量并无明显差异。另外 ,急性肺损伤时 ,BIPAP通气的动脉血氧分压 (Pa O2 )分别为 (9.10± 1.79) k Pa、(11.43± 1.80 ) k Pa和 (13.40± 3.2 0 ) k Pa,较 IRV时 Pa O2 (7.87± 2 .33) k Pa、(9.0 7±3.0 5 ) k Pa和 (9.71± 1.85 ) k Pa增高 (EEP 1.0 k Pa时 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :