Anesthetic effect of ultrasound-guided multiple-nerve blockade in modified radical mastectomy in patients with breast cancer

Introduction:Routine anesthesia modality for modified radical mastectomy (MRM) includes general anesthesia (GA), epidural blockade-combined GA and nerve blockade-combined GA. However, GA has been associated with postoperative adverse effects such as vertigo, postoperative nausea and vomiting and requirement for postoperative analgesia, which hinders recovery and prognosis. Moreover, combined blockade of thoracic paravertebral nerves or intercostal nerves and adjuvant basic sedation for massive lumpectomy provided perfect anesthesia and reduced opioid consumption, whereas the excision coverage did not attain the target of MRM. Regional anesthesia strategies involving supplementation of analgesics in ultrasound-guided multiple nerve blocks have garnered interests of clinicians. Nevertheless, the precise effects of intercostal nerves, brachial plexus and supraclavicular nerves in MRM in patients with breast cancer remain obscure.Methods:Eighty female patients with breast cancer scheduled for MRM were recruited in the present trial between May, 2019 and Dec., 2019 in our hospital. The patients ranged from 30 to 65 years of age and 18∼30 kg/m² in body-mass index, with the American Society of Anesthesiologists I or II. The patients were randomized to ultrasound-guided multiple nerve blocks group and GA group. The patients in multiple nerve blocks group underwent ultrasound guided multiple intercostal nerve blocks, interscalene brachial plexus and supraclavicular nerve blocks, (local anesthesia with 0.3% ropivacaine: 5 ml for each intercostal nerve block, 8 ml for brachial plexus block, 7 mL for supraclavicular nerve block) and basic sedation and intraoperative mask oxygen inhalation. The variations of hemodynamic parameters such as mean arterial pressure, heart rate (HR) and pulse oxygen saturation were monitored. The visual analog scale scores were recorded at postoperative 0 hour, 3 hour, 6 hour, 12 hour and 24 hour in resting state. The postoperative adverse effects, including vertigo, postoperative nausea, and vomiting, pruritus, and urinary retention and so on, as well as the analgesic consumption were recorded.Conclusions:The ultrasound guided multiple intercostal nerve blocks, brachial plexus and supraclavicular nerve blocks could provide favorable anesthesia and analgesia, with noninferiority to GA and the reduced incidence of adverse effects and consumption of postoperative analgesics.     

超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞对于妇科腹腔镜手术患者预防性镇痛的效果

目的评价超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞(TAPB)对于妇科腹腔镜手术患者预防性镇痛的效果。方法选取拟在全麻下行妇科腹腔镜手术患者60例,既往无其他特殊病史,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄30~50岁,体重50~65 kg。采用随机数字表法,将其分为3组(n=20):对照组(Ⅰ组)、术前TAPB组(Ⅱ组)和术后TAPB组(Ⅲ组)。Ⅰ组不实施神经阻滞,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别于麻醉诱导前或手术结束后行超声引导下双侧TAPB术。术后3组患者均采用1μg/ml舒芬太尼静脉自控镇痛(PCIA),背景输注速率2 ml/h,患者自控镇痛(PCA)剂量2 ml,锁定时间15 min,持续至术后第2天,维持疼痛视觉模拟(VAS)评分≤3分,若VAS评分3分时,静脉注射氟比洛芬酯50 mg行镇痛补救。记录术后24 h内舒芬太尼单位时间内用量、镇痛补救情况和不良反应的发生情况,计算舒芬太尼节俭程度。结果与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组术后24 h内舒芬太尼单位时间内用量、镇痛补救率和恶心呕吐的发生率降低(P0.05);与Ⅲ组比较,Ⅱ组术后24 h内舒芬太尼单位时间内用量、镇痛补救率及恶心呕吐的发生率降低(P0.05)。Ⅱ组较Ⅰ组舒芬太尼用量节俭35.0%,较Ⅲ组舒芬太尼用量节俭16.0%。结论超声引导下TAPB能为妇科腹腔镜手术患者提供良好的术后镇痛,术前行神经阻滞效果优于术后。     

超声引导改良肋缘下腹横肌阻滞对腹腔镜胆囊切除术术中术后镇痛的影响

目的探讨超声引导改良肋缘下腹横肌阻滞对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术中术后镇痛效果的影响。方法全麻下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术60例,随机分为两组。麻醉诱导后一组在超声引导下行改良肋缘下入路的双侧腹横肌平面(TAP)阻滞,注入0.5%罗哌卡因(0.8 m L/kg,A组),另一组全麻后未行TAP阻滞(B组)。两组术后均应用患者静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)进行镇痛。记录两组手术中瑞芬太尼的用量,手术结束时除去喉罩时的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR),术后2、6、24 h视觉模拟疼痛(VAS)评分,PCIA泵术后36 h总用药量和自控镇痛有效按压次数及镇痛期间不良反应的发生情况。结果与B组比较,A组术中瑞芬太尼的用量明显减少(P<0.05),除去喉罩时MAP、HR波动明显减小(P<0.05),术后2、6 h VAS评分A组明显低于B组(P<0.05),PCIA总用药量和有效按压次数A组明显少于B组(P<0.05),A组镇痛期间不良反应发生也明显少于B组。结论超声引导改良肋缘下TAP阻滞能为腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者提供良好的术中及术后镇痛。     

A Rare Case of Delayed Perigastric Abscess after Curative Resection of Early Gastric Cancer by Uncomplicated Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: Successful Treatment with Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Drainage

A 72-year-old man had undergone uncomplicated endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) with en bloc resection of a localized 20-mm IIc lesion in the anterior wall of the gastric angle. Twenty-eight days later, he was re-admitted with epigastric pain of one-week duration. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a 60-mm mass bordered by viscera; repeat endoscopy confirmed a smooth elevated submucosal tumor at the greater curvature on the oral side of the post-ESD ulcer. We diagnosed him with a perigastric abscess as a complication of ESD and performed endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage. Subsequently, the symptoms and blood inflammatory parameters improved, and follow-up CT showed the disappearance of the abscess.     

内镜超声引导下细针抽吸术对胰腺合并肝脏占位的诊断价值

2020年2—5月间,首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院消化内科对5例胰腺占位合并肝脏占位患者进行了内镜超声引导下细针抽吸术检查。胰腺占位3例位于胰头、1例位于胰颈、1例位于胰体,最大径3.2~4.6 cm,经2~4针穿刺,5例胰腺穿刺组织学和细胞学均为阳性。肝脏占位3例为肝左叶单发占位、1例为肝左叶多发占位、1例为肝左叶和肝右叶多发占位,最大径0.4~1.2 cm,经1~3针穿刺,4例患者肝脏穿刺细胞学和（或）组织学结果为阳性,余1例穿刺物涂片细胞学结果为阴性。5例术后均未出现腹痛、发热、出血、穿孔、感染、胰漏、高淀粉酶血症等并发症。由此可见,内镜超声引导下细针抽吸术对胰腺占位合并肝脏占位同时进行穿刺诊断是安全和有效的。     

Diagnostic efficacy of different pathologic methods for assessing tissue obtained by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration: a prospective study

Aims: The best method for processing specimens by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) has not been standardized and varies considerably between medical centers. The purpose of this study is to explore whether a combination of histologic and cytologic methods can increase the diagnostic efficacy of EUS-FNA in solid lesions around the digestive tract. Methods: We recruited 52 patients (65 cases total) with solid lesions around the digestive tract who underwent EUS-FNA as performed by the same endoscopic physician from December 2016 to January 2018. All the EUS-FNA specimens were processed by conventional smear cytology (CS), liquid-based cytology (LBC), cell block (CB), and histopathology. All the pathologic results were tracked to investigate the diagnostic value of the methods. Results: Fifty-three malignant lesions and 12 benign lesions were analyzed. The diagnostic accuracy levels of the CS, LBC, CB, and histopathology were 96.9%, 89.2%, 91.9%, and 48.1%, respectively. CS had a higher diagnostic accuracy than CB (P < 0.05) and LBC (P < 0.05). The cytologic methods had a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy than histopathology (P < 0.05). The combined diagnostic accuracy of all the methods was 100%. The diagnostic sensitivities of the CS, LBC, CB and histopathology were 96.2%, 86.8%, 90.4%, and 37.2%, respectively, and the diagnostic specificity of each of the four methods was 100%. Conclusions: Different pathological methods can compensate for one another, substantially improving the overall positive detection rate of EUS-FNA. Combining cytology and histology can contribute additional diagnostic efficacy to EUS-FNA in solid lesions around the digestive tract.     

快速现场评价在经气管镜超声引导针吸活检诊断纵隔病灶中的应用

目的探讨快速现场评价(ROSE)在经气管镜超声引导针吸活检(EBUS-TBNA)诊断纵隔肿物中的价值。方法回顾性分析该院211例通过胸部CT显示纵隔/肺门病灶(包括肿大的淋巴结/肿块)的患者的临床资料,在有或无快速现场细胞学评价(C-ROSE)下行EBUS-TBNA检查。结果 C-ROSE组和未行C-ROSE组的敏感度分别为93.88%和92.45%,特异度分别为97.73%和93.85%,两组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。由肺科医师担任解读的ROSE结果敏感度为87.76%(43/49)、特异度为88.64%(39/44),与专业细胞学病理人员结果高度一致(κ=0.806)。ROSE指导下率先肺癌3基因(EGFR、ALK和ROS1)检测完成率为65.52%(19/29),后续免疫组化完成率为31.03%(9/29)。结论在EBUS-TBNA过程中应用ROSE,临床医师与病理医师在诊断上具有高度的一致性,临床医生即刻知晓病理倾向,为后续诊疗方案提供了依据。     

The diagnostic yield using ultrasound-guided needle-aspiration for subpleural primary lung cancer is not affected by the radiological properties of the lesions resulting from computed tomography

Background

It is well known that ultrasound-guided needle-aspiration (USGNA) for intrapulmonary subpleural lesion in contact with the pleura is useful and safe, and its diagnostic yield is high. However, reports concerned with the analyses of cases with intrapulmonary subpleural lesion which could not be diagnosed using USGNA are limited. The objective of this study is to clarify the radiological properties of subpleural primary lung cancer which obstruct diagnosis by USGNA.