Postoperative sore throat: cause, prevention and treatment

Sore throat is a common postoperative complaint, occurring most often following tracheal intubation. Factors such as tracheal-tube size and cuff design have been shown to be important causative factors. Routine tracheal intubation for elective surgical procedures can result in pathological changes, trauma and nerve damage which may also account for postoperative throat symptoms. Sore throat following the use of a laryngeal mask appears to be related to the technique of insertion but the contribution of intracuff pressure remains to be clarified. It would appear, however, that high intracuff pressure is associated with nerve palsies due to neuropraxia and nerve compression. Careful insertion techniques for both the tracheal tube and laryngeal mask are of paramount importance in the prevention of airway trauma and postoperative sore throat.     

祛瘀法治疗疮疡病的临床体会

运用祛瘀法为主，结合清热、化湿、养阴、理气法以及祛腐、生肌、拖线、灌注等内外合治法，治疗臁疮、窦瘘、脱疽、股肿等疮疡疾病，并附验案四则。     

润嗓冲剂的临床研究与体会

[目的]观察应用润嗓冲剂预防和治疗喉部疾患的临床疗效。[方法]随机设治疗组(润嗓冲剂治疗 )和对照组 (四季润喉片治疗) ,30d为1个疗程 ,1个疗程后统计疗效 ;对健康人群进行润嗓冲剂预防治疗 ,随访观察1a。[结果]润嗓冲剂治疗咽喉部疾患的治愈率及显效率为64 98% ,明显高于对照组的16 34% ,有非常显著性差异(P<0.01);健康人群服用润嗓冲剂后 ,咽喉疾患发病率为4 13% ,较对照组36 42%有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。[结论]润嗓冲剂对慢性咽炎、扁桃体炎、喉炎等喉部疾患有良好的预防和治疗作用。     

An exploratory study of the factors related to mouth breathing syndrome in primary school children

ObjectiveMouth breathing syndrome (MBS) is defined as a set of signs and symptoms that may be completely or incompletely present in subjects who, for various reasons, replace the correct pattern of nasal breathing with an oral or mixed pattern. It is important to identify the relevant factors affecting MBS in order to diagnose its cause since breathing obstructions can result from multiple factors. The purpose of this study is to clarify the relevant factors and the interrelationships between factors affecting MBS among children.DesignWe surveyed 380 elementary school children from 6 to 12 years in age. The questionnaire consisted of 44 questions regarding their daily health conditions and lifestyle habits and was completed by the children’s guardians. A factor analysis was performed to classify closely related questions into their respective factors and to examine the strength of the correlation between the newly revealed factors.ResultsTwenty-six out of the 44 questions were selected, and they were classified into seven factors. Factors 1–7 were defined as “Incompetent lip seal”, “Diseases of the nose and throat”, “Eating and drinking habits”, “Bad breath”, “Problems with swallowing and chewing”, “Condition of teeth and gums”, and “Dry lips”, respectively. There were also correlations between these factors themselves.ConclusionMBS was categorized according to 7 major factors. Because Factor 1 was defined as “Incompetent lip seal”, which was representative of the physical appearance of mouth breathers and correlated with other factors, we suggested that MBS should consist of 7 factors in total.     

A case of ectopic salivary gland of the larynx

A 46-year-old man presented with sore throat. Laryngoscopic findings revealed a smooth yellow mass occupying the anterior portion of the false vocal fold on the left side. The authors performed biopsy under general anesthesia. The histopathological diagnosis was ectopic salivary gland. Because salivary glands are usually not found under the false vocal fold mucosa, ectopic salivary gland of the larynx was diagnosed.It is necessary to consider the possibility of ectopic salivary gland for mass lesions if swelling of the provisional vocal cord is found.     

聚氨酯凝胶体位垫联合自制棉纱垫预防胸科手术致急性压疮的效果观察

目的：观察聚氨酯凝胶体位垫联合自制棉纱垫预防胸外科侧卧位手术致急性压疮的效果。方法选取2012年9月－2013年9月在我院施行胸科侧卧位手术的122例患者为实验组，采用聚氨酯胶体位垫联合自制棉纱垫预防压疮，2011年8月－2012年8月施行胸科侧卧位手术的125例患者为对照组，常规采用聚氟酯凝胶体位垫预防压疮，比较两组对术中急性压疮的预防效果。结果实验组手术患者急性压疮的发生低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论聚氨酯凝胶体位垫联合自制棉纱垫能有效预防胸科侧卧位手术中急性压疮的发生。     

帕瑞昔布钠预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后咽喉痛疗效观察

目的观察帕瑞昔布钠预防腹腔镜胆囊切除术后咽喉痛的疗效。方法选取2018年6月至2019年1月在重庆市北碚区中医院择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的130例全身麻醉患者作为研究对象,性别不限,年龄21~67岁,美国麻醉医师协会分级为Ⅰ、Ⅱ级,随机分为帕瑞昔布钠组(P组)和生理盐水组(S组)。手术结束前10 min P组患者静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg,S组患者静脉注射等容量生理盐水。记录两组患者术后拔管即刻,术后2、6、12、24 h咽喉痛的视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)。观察并记录拔管期间出现不良反应情况,随访记录患者术后6 h咽喉部并发症发生率、静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)使用情况,以及术后24、48 h 15项恢复质量量表评分。结果P组患者术后拔管即刻,术后2、6、12 h VAS评分均低于S组,PCIA按压次数均少于S组,拔管期间不良反应发生率、术后6 h咽喉部并发症发生率均明显低于S组,术后24、48 h QoR-15项恢复质量量表评分均明显高于S组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论帕瑞昔布钠能有效减轻腹腔镜胆囊切除术后咽喉痛发生情况。