腹腔镜下经腹腔、后腹腔肾囊肿去顶减压术的效果观察

目的:探讨腹腔镜下经腹腔、后腹腔肾囊肿去顶减压术的临床应用效果。方法:90例肾囊肿患者根据手术方法不同分为3组,每组各30例。A组行经后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术,B组行经腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术,C组行开放性肾囊肿去顶术。对3组患者的手术效果进行比较。结果:A组、B组患者手术时间、术中出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间和住院时间均显著少于C组（P<0.01）。A组患者手术时间、术中出血量和胃肠功能恢复时间亦明显少于B组（P<0.01）。A组患者无并发症发生,B组和C组患者并发症发生率分别为3.33%和26.67%;3组患者肠梗阻发生率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,而感染和尿潴留发生率差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论:与开放性肾囊肿去顶术相比,腹腔镜手术具有创伤小、疗效好、恢复快等优点;经后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术相对于经腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术手术耗时更短,并发症更少。     

Retroperitoneal and mediastinal follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: report of 3 cases with review of literature

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a rare malignant histiocytic proliferation of antigen presenting follicular dendritic cell. It is an uncommon primary malignancy first described by Monda et al. in 1986. Most commonly reported cases are lymph nodal. Occasional cases occur in extra nodal sites. Here, we describe the clinicopathological features, histomorphology and outcome of three patients with extranodal FDCS along with a concise review of literature on the topic. All three patients were adult females. Two patients were in third decade, and one had age of 50 years. Among the three cases, two cases are presented as retroperitoneal mass and one as mediastinal mass. CT scans revealed heterogeneously enhancing masses. All the cases showed ovoid to spindle neoplastic cells arranged predominantly in whorling, fascicular and storiform patterns with inflammatory infiltrate. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells are positive for CD21, CD23, CD35 and Clustrin. In view of rarity and variable clinical presentation in FDCS, accurate diagnosis is necessary. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

后腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术22例临床分析

目的评价经腹膜后腔行腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术的临床价值。方法对本科2002年3月至2003年6月开展的22例后腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术进行分析。22例中11例为皮质醇腺瘤，10例为醛固酮腺瘤，1例嗜铬细胞瘤。结果22例手术均获成功。手术时间60～140min，平均100min；失血量30～100mL，平均55mL，术中及术后均未输血；1例术后发生后腹膜腔血肿。结论后腹腔镜肾上腺肿瘤切除术具有对组织损伤小、出血少、术后恢复快、并发症少等优点．为非嗜铬细胞瘤肾上腺良性疾病的首选方法。     

RETROPERITONEAL MALIGNANT MESENCHYMOMA: A CASE REPORT

A case of a 37-year-old woman with a retroperitoneal tumor is reported. Angiography revealed that the tumor was partially supplied via an intercostal artery, suggesting that the cause of the tumor might be located in the rib. Histologically the tumor was diagnosed as a malignant mesenchymoma composed of chondrosarcoma and myxoid liposarcoma in addition to fibrosarcoma. The chondro-sarcomatous element was predominant, a phenomenon which is extremely rare. Pulmonary metastases developed 8 mo after surgical removal of the tumor and the patient died of the disease 2 yr postoperatively.     

Fibrosarcoma in infants and children: a retrospective analysis – overdiagnosis in earlier years

During a 30-year period, 22 patients considered to have a fibrosarcoma (FS) were treated. In a retrospective study the clinicopathologic findings were summarized. With histologic and immunohistochemical re-evaluation, the diagnosis was confirmed in 8 cases. For 6 further patients FS was very probable but specimens were not available. In 8 cases the diagnosis was revised and benign lesions were found in 7. Two patients with irresectable tumors died (infantile FS, FS of mesentery and retroperitoneum). After repeated local recurrences and spread on the affected extremity, an amputation was life-saving in 1 boy. In earlier years many tumors were classified as FSs. Today, immunohistochemistry and molecular-biological methods are valuable tools to clearly identify these tumors. Wide local excision or en-bloc resection without sacrificing any significant function of the part should be the primary form of treatment in infants. Primary re-excision after incomplete excision should have priority over any adjuvant treatment. Preoperative chemotherapy may avoid incomplete resection or mutilation in cases with extended congenital FS. Accepted: 13 July 1998     

Hemangioma with Kaposi's Sarcoma-Like Features: Report of two Cases

We describe two children with vascular neoplasms that resembled Kaposi's sarcoma in places. Both presented with intraabdominal masses and severe thrombocytopenia. At autopsy the tumors extensively infiltrated the peritoneum and retroperitoneum and surrounded or invaded numerous organs including the kidneys, pancreas, adrenal glands, gastrointestinal tract, mesentery, and lymph nodes in both cases, and spleen or bone marrow in one case each. The neoplasms were histologically identical and displayed two patterns: dilated vascular spaces (angiomatous areas) lined by flat endothelial-like cells and areas of spindle cells forming slitlike vascular spaces similar to those described in Kaposi's sarcoma. Tumor cells in both cases expressed markers for endothelial cells. The clinical and histologic character of these neoplasms differentiates them from Kaposi's sarcoma, hemangioendothelioma, and from conventional juvenile hemangioma.     

Myolipoma of the retroperitoneum

A case of retroperitoneal myolipoma is reported. A 55-year-old woman with the main complaint of an abdominal mass was admitted to Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. Retroperitoneal liposarcoma was suspected based on magnetic resonance imaging, and the tumor was resected. The resected tumor was well encapsulated and 30 x 15 x 8 cm in size. Histologically, it consisted of mature adipose cells and smooth muscle cells. Neither nuclear atypia nor mitosis was observed in either component. The tumor was pathologically diagnosed as myolipoma of the retroperitoneum. Retroperitoneal myolipoma is often misdiagnosed radiologically as liposarcoma because the overwhelming majority of large retroperitoneal tumor containing fat is liposarcoma, however, the clinical course of myolipoma is quite different from that of liposarcoma. Although myolipoma is very rare, pathologists should consider it in the differential diagnosis of fat-containing retroperitoneal masses.     

后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石治疗体会(附17例报告)

目的评价后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术的临床价值。方法2004年11月．2005年9月采用后腹腔镜技术行输尿管切开取石术17例，结石直径10～28mm，平均18mm。结果所有病历均取石成功，手术时间90～150min，平均110min，术中出血量30～90mL，平均45mL，肠功能恢复时间12～24h，术后2,3d拔除腹膜后引流管，无漏尿，没有手术并发症发生，术后住院时间为7～8d。结论后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石是安全有效的治疗输尿管结石的方法。     

Kidney fibroxanthoma (malignant fibrous xanthoma): a rare tumor and an unusual cause of retroperitoneal hemorrhage

A case of kidney fibroxanthoma (malignant fibrous xanthoma, malignant variant of xanthogranuloma), a rare malignant neoplasm of kidney, is described. In addition to the typical histologic features of retroperitoneal xanthogranuloma, this tumor showed obvious pleomorphism and mitotic activity of the histiocytes. We present this case in view of the rarity of this neoplasm and the unusual presentation as massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage.     

Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma of a male centenarian

An autopsy case of retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma of a centenarial male is described. He complained of abdominal pain In his left side 1 month before his death. Ultrasonog-raphy and computed tomography revealed a large mass in the left abdominal cavity. At autopsy, a circumscribed mass, 15 cm in diameter, was found in the left-upper abdominal cavity, and seemed to be derived from the retroperitoneum in an exophytic manner. Histologically, spindle cells with slight eosinophillc cytoplasm and blunt-ended nuclei showed interwoven fascicular growth, and mitotic figures were easlly encountered. Immunohlstochemically, the tumor cells were labeled by α-smooth muscle actln and vimentln. To our knowledge, this case of leiomyosarcoma has presented in the oldest patient ever reported. The rarity of soft tissue sarcomas in the extremely elderly is also discussed.