胆道镜联合输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗难取胆管结石的临床应用

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨胆道镜联合输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗难取胆管结石的临床效果。方法〓回顾性分析采用胆道镜联合输尿管镜气压弹道碎石65例患者的临床资料。结果〓全组手术均成功,取石时间25~70分钟,平均40分钟,结石取尽63例,结石残留2例,术中无胆管出血和胆管壁穿孔等并发症。随访一年,胆管不扩张,未发现肝外胆管残余结石,肝功能检查均正常,所有患者未再出现腹痛、发热、黄疸等症状。结论〓胆道镜联合输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗难取性胆管结石有效、可行。     

50例经皮经肝硬质胆道镜气压弹道碎石治疗肝内外胆管结石临床分析

目的：研究经皮经肝硬质胆道镜气压弹道碎石治疗肝内外胆管结石的疗效及可行性。方法将我院收治的50例肝内外胆管结石患者作为研究对象,在其成功接受皮肝穿刺胆道造影术后,直接扩张胆道并留置斑马导丝和塑料鞘;根据结石质地、大小,应用硬质胆道镜直接取石或经镜子内腔行气压弹导碎石后取石。结果50例患者均一期手术能取净结石,平均手术时间（102.7±29.7）min,术中平均出血量（20.5±10.0）mL,术后3例发生胆管出血,经介入栓塞治疗后痊愈出院,无胆道感染、胆漏、腹膜炎病例,并发症发生率为6％。结论经皮经肝硬质胆道镜气压弹道碎石损伤小,术中出血量少,疗效肯定,是肝内外胆管结石特别是合并上消化道狭窄、巨大胆总管结石及不能耐受手术等患者治疗的理想手术方法。     

钬激光碎石术与体外冲击波碎石术治疗输尿管结石的疗效及安全性探讨

目的：探讨钬激光碎石术(LL)与体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL)治疗输尿管结石的疗效及安全性。方法选择2012年6月至2014年6月在我院接受治疗的输尿管结石患者136例作为研究对象。根据数字法随机分成LL组及ESWL组各68例,LL组采用LL术式治疗,ESWL组采用ESWL术式治疗,随访1个月,比较两组患者的治疗效果、手术时间、结石排净率和不良反应,分析结石直径大小与手术时间及1个月结石排净率的相关性。结果 LL组各分段的碎石成功率及总成功率均明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结石直径≥1 cm时,LL组的手术时间明显少于ESWL组,1个月结石排净率明显大于ESWL组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结石直径<1 cm时,LL组的手术时间明显少于ESWL组,但两组1个月结石排净率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。LL组的总并发症发生率明显低于ESWL组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。根据Pearson法分析相关性可知,随着结石直径增大,两组手术时间逐渐增大,呈正相关(r=0.821);而1月结石排净率逐渐减小,呈负相关(r=-0.769)。结论 LL术式对输尿管结石的疗效较好,安全性较高,但当结石直径小于1 cm时,因ESWL具有无需麻醉等特点应以ESWL术式为首选方案。     

输尿管封堵器在输尿管镜碎石术治疗输尿管上段结石中的应用

目的：观察输尿管封堵器在输尿管镜碎石术处理输尿管上段结石中对预防结石移位的作用。方法134例输尿管上段结石患者分为四组。 A组(非梗阻性结石,不使用封堵器),41例,结石平均表面积123(71~170)mm2;B组(非梗阻性结石,使用封堵器),31例,结石平均表面积119(71~181)mm2;C组(梗阻性结石,不使用封堵器),29例,结石平均表面积131(71~207)mm2,结石梗阻时间8．6(2~32)个月;D组(梗阻性结石,使用封堵器),33例,结石平均表面积129(71~196)mm2,结石梗阻时间9．5(2~35)个月。观察四组的平均住院天数、平均手术时间、术中出血量、手术前后血肌酐的升高值、结石残留率和术后并发症发生率的差异。结果四组的平均住院天数、平均手术时间、手术出血量、手术前后血肌酐的升高值和术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0．05)。 A组与C组的结石残留率差异无统计学意义(P>0．05)。 B组的结石残留率明显比A组小,差异有统计学意义(P<0．01)。 C组与D组的结石残留率差异无统计学意义(P>0．05)。 B+D组的结石残留率比A+C组小,差异有统计学意义(P<0．05)。结论输尿管封堵器在不增加手术的难度、不增加并发症的情况下,可以减少结石移位的发生率,特别是在非嵌顿性输尿管结石,但是在嵌顿性输尿管结石差别不大。     

超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞复合瑞芬太尼靶控输注在胰管结石体外震波碎石术中的应用

目的 评价超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞联合瑞芬太尼靶控输注应用于胰管结石体外震波碎石术(ESWL)中的效果。方法 随机选择60例首次接受ESWL治疗胰管结石的患者,分为R组和TR组(每组n=30)。R组患者仅接受瑞芬太尼靶控输注(TCI),TR组患者接受瑞芬太尼TCI前30min接受超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞。采用Dixon序贯法计算两组患者的瑞芬太尼半数有效量(EC₅₀),记录患者围术期视觉模拟疼痛量表(VAS)、Ramsay镇静量表、血流动力学参数、呼吸参数和不良事件。结果 R组和TR组患者瑞芬太尼EC₅₀分别为3.448ng/ml(95%CI:1.636~3.946)和2.523ng/ml(95%CI:0.744~2.991),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。两组患者疼痛和镇静评分相当。两组患者血流动力学和呼吸参数均无明显差异。与R组相比,TR组不良事件发生率更低(10% vs 56.7%,P＜0.001),瘙痒发生率更低(6.7% vs 26.7%,P=0.038)。结论 腹横肌平面阻滞联合瑞芬太尼靶控输注可为胰管结石ESWL提供满意的镇痛和镇静,且不良事件发生率更低。     

Poorly expandable common bile duct with stones on endoscopic retrograde cholangiography

AIM: To describe characteristics of a poorly expandable (PE) common bile duct (CBD) with stones on endoscopic retrograde cholangiography.METHODS: A PE bile duct was characterized by a rigid and relatively narrowed distal CBD with retrograde dilatation of the non-PE segment. Between 2003 and 2006, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) images and chart reviews of 1213 patients with newly diagnosed CBD stones were obtained from the computer database of Therapeutic Endoscopic Center in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Patients with characteristic PE bile duct on ERC were identified from the database. Data of the patients as well as the safety and technical success of therapeutic ERC were collected and analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS: A total of 30 patients with CBD stones and characteristic PE segments were enrolled in this study. The median patient age was 45 years (range, 20 to 92 years); 66.7% of the patients were men. The diameters of the widest non-PE CBD segment, the PE segment, and the largest stone were 14.3 ± 4.9 mm, 5.8 ± 1.6 mm, and 11.2 ± 4.7 mm, respectively. The length of the PE segment was 39.7 ± 15.4 mm (range, 12.3 mm to 70.9 mm). To remove the CBD stone(s) completely, mechanical lithotripsy was required in 25 (83.3%) patients even though the stone size was not as large as were the difficult stones that have been described in the literature. The stone size and stone/PE segment diameter ratio were associated with the need for lithotripsy. Post-ERC complications occurred in 4 cases: pancreatitis in 1, cholangitis in 2, and an impacted Dormia basket with cholangitis in 1. Two (6.7%) of the 28 patients developed recurrent CBD stones at follow-up (50 ± 14 mo) and were successfully managed with therapeutic ERC.CONCLUSION: Patients with a PE duct frequently require mechanical lithotripsy for stones extraction. To retrieve stones successfully and avoid complications, these patients should be identified during ERC.     

Safety of ESWL in elderly: Evaluation of independent predictors and comorbidity on stone‐free rate and complications

Aim: Urinary stone disease affects people of all ages. With its satisfactory efficacy ranges in all age groups and lack of side‐effects, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has become the preferred treatment modality for uncomplicated renal and proximal calculi ≤20 mm. In the present study, we aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of the ESWL treatment in elderly patients. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on patients aged over 65 years who underwent shock wave lithotripsy at our Department from 2009 to 2011, with a Siemens Lithostar electromagnetic shockwave lithotripter. A total of 231 patients (157 males, 74 females) out of 1694 (13.6%) were studied. The patients were divided into two groups (group 1 = 65–70; group 2 >70). The effect of age and other possible predicting factors (sex, stone localization and stone size) were investigated. Concomitant diseases and related complications were also evaluated. Results: An overall stone‐free rate (SFR) of 82.2% was found. The influence of sex on SFR was non‐significant. There was no significant difference when comparing SFR between the age groups. When patients were divided into those with renal and ureteral stones, the SFR were 94.4% and 67.6% (P < 0.01), respectively. The SFR of the stone size groups, ≤10 mm and >10 mm were 80% and 84.4%, respectively. Comorbidity was present in 148 patients. Complications were noted in 56 of 231 patients. Of 56 patients, 43 had minor complications and 13 major complications. Conclusion: ESWL seems to be an effective first‐line treatment choice for urinary stones in elderly patients with careful patient selection and personalized preparation. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12: 413–417.     

低能量体外冲击击波碎石术研究进展

复式脉冲低能量体外冲击波碎石术治疗尿路结石成功率高,复打率低,副作用少,无严重并发症。本文就低能量体外冲击波碎石术提高成功率、减轻结石周围组织损伤及预防结石再复发的研究进展作一综述。     

经皮肾微造瘘联合输尿管镜碎石术治疗输尿管结石并感染性休克75例报告

目的：探讨经皮肾微造瘘联合输尿管镜碎石术治疗输尿管结石并感染性休克的疗效及意义。方法：对75例输尿管结石并感染性休克患者在积极抗感染及抗休克治疗的同时行经皮肾微造瘘,并于术后1～4周行输尿管镜碎石术。结果：75例患者肾造瘘均jr~,,tl完成,感染及休克症状得到控制。输尿管镜手术均顺利完成,结石基本完全清除。结论：对于输尿管结石并感染性休克患者,早期行经皮肾微造瘘能有效控制感染及休克症状,联合输尿管镜碎石术能完整清除结石,临床效果满意,并能有效防I}术后感染并发痒的发牛。