Intracranial Extramedullary Hematopoiesis in β-thalassemia Major

A case of β-thalassemia major with a huge mass of hernatopoictic tissuc firmly attached tothe dura mater was reported This is the first case reported in China.     

Esthesioneuroblastoma in a young child. Case report

Esthesioneuroblastoma is an uncommon malignant neoplasm that arises from olfactory mucosa, often with intracranial extension.A case report of the youngest victim in the literature (2-year-old boy) is presented.     

Does the shunt opening pressure influence the effect of shunt surgery in normal pressure hydrocephalus?

Summary Thirteen patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus were operated upon with an externally manoeuvrable shunt system (Sophy SU8) in order to investigate its influence on clinical outcome, intracranial pressure and cranial CT parameters. The opening pressure was set at high at surgery and lowered stepwise at intervals of three months to medium and low. The clinical condition, intracranial pressure and cranial CT parameters were examined at the end of the 3 months interval on each pressure level.The patients improved within the first 3 months inspite of an unchanged mean intracranial pressure and remained in a stable clinical condition during the rest of the study period. The intracranial pressure was significantly reduced at 9 months. The ventricular index, Evans index, temporal horn and third ventricle width were reduced 3 months post-operatively and did not change significantly during the rest of the study. The pre-operative third ventricle width was correlated to high psychometric test results after shunt surgery. Reduction in ventricular index, Evans index and third ventricle width after surgery correlated to improvement in psychometric scoring.The clinical improvement after shunt surgery for normal pressure hydrocephalus is seen within 3 months and is independent of the adjusted valve pressure.     

电解可脱式微弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤

目的　探讨电解可脱式微弹簧圈 (GDC)栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤的方法。方法　采用美国波士顿公司GDC栓塞治疗 1 7例患者中 1 8个颅内动脉瘤 ,其中 1 5例蛛网膜下腔出血 (SAH)发病者 ,术前Hunt和Hess分级 :Ⅰ～Ⅱ级1 0例 ;Ⅲ级 3例 ;Ⅳ级 2例。结果　 1例死亡 ,3例轻度短期神经功能障碍 ,1 3例痊愈。结论　GDC栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤较为理想 ,但还需随访观察     

三维时间飞跃法MR血管造影血液铸型诊断颈内动脉系颅内动脉瘤的优势

目的　与多层面螺旋CT三维血管造影 (MS 3D CTA)和DSA比较 ,探讨三维时间飞跃法MR血管造影 (threedimensionaltimeofflightMRA ,3DTOFMRA)图像后处理血液铸型技术 (fly around)诊断颈内动脉系颅内动脉瘤的优势和临床应用价值。方法　 18名疑诊颈内动脉系颅内动脉瘤病人 ,男 4例 ,女 14例 ;年龄 17～ 76岁 ,平均 4 9 8岁 ;其中蛛网膜下腔出血 (SAH) 14例、动眼神经麻痹 4例。所有病人均接受 3DTOFMRA和MS 3D CTA检查 ,17名接受DSA检查 ,确诊后均经手术治疗。 3DTOFMRA用Toshiba 1 5T超导型MR系统VISART的 3D TOF序列采集原始数据。其参数为 :TR 30ms,TE 6 8ms ,反转角 2 0° ,视野 (FOV) 17cm× 19cm ,矩阵 16 0× 2 5 6 ,采集层块厚度 5 0～ 6 0mm ,层厚 1 2mm ;原始图像后处理方法采用最大密度投影 (MIP)和血液铸型。MS 3D CTA用Toshiba多层螺旋CT Aquilion采集原始数据。其参数为 :扫描速度 0 5s/r,层厚 1 0mm ,螺距 3 5 ;用高压注射器静脉注射非离子型对比剂 ,注射剂量 2 0ml/kg体重 ,注射流率 4 0～ 5 0ml/s ,延迟时间 15～ 18s ;原始图像后处理方法同 3DTOFMRA。图像后处理工作站均用SGIO2 ,后处理软件为Alatoview ,版本 1 4 2。DSA用SiemensMulti StartOT经股动脉插管行常规脑动脉四血管造影     

异丙酚和七氟醚麻醉对颅内占位病人颅内压的影响

目的:观察异丙酚和七氟醚麻醉对颅内占位病人颅内压的影响.方法:ASA I～II级、格拉斯哥评分15分、行择期开颅手术病人24例,随机分为七氟醚组(n=12)和异丙酚组(n=12).用依托咪酯、芬太尼、琥珀胆碱麻醉诱导.麻醉维持七氟醚组吸入2%七氟醚,异丙酚组先静注异丙酚1.5 mg/kg,后以8～10 mg·kg-1·h-1维持麻醉,记录诱导前、插管后、给药后5,10和20 min的收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压、心率和脑脊液压,计算脑灌注压值. 结果:异丙酚组给药后5,10和20 min时比诱导前平均动脉压分别下降12.28%、13.36%和9.64%,七氟醚组分别下降8.26%、11.1%和10.94%,两组差异显著(P<0.05);异丙酚组脑灌注压分别下降12.34%、10.76%和11.0%,七氟醚组分别下降4.1%、7.5%和8.54%,两组差异显著(P<0.05).结论:对颅内占位病人异丙酚麻醉维持能使平均动脉压、脑灌注压和颅内压下降.七氟醚麻醉维持对血流动力学影响较轻,但颅内压有轻度升高,在过度通气条件下可用于无颅内高压症状对颅内占位病人的麻醉.     

Rebound intracranial hypertension after treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is characterized by orthostatic headache and the cause is usually cerebrospinal fluid leaks in spine level. Most patients with SIH have a benign course. Epidural blood patch (EBP) is the treatment of choice when initial conservative managements are ineffective. We reported a patient with SIH diagnosed by using magnetic resonance imaging and radionuclide cisternography. Acute rebound intracranial hypertension developed after EBP and was successfully treated with intravenous osmotic agent.     

不同剂量甘露醇单用或合用速尿治疗颅高压的疗效观察

目的观察不同剂量甘露醇单用或合用速尿治疗颅高压的疗效。方法对60例各种原因行脑外科手术后出现颅内压增高的患者、依据使用不同剂量甘露醇单用或加用速尿而分为半量甘露醇(0.5 g/kg)组(A组)、全量甘露醇(1.0 g/kg)组(B组)、半量甘露醇 速尿(20 mg)组(C组)及全量甘露醇 速尿(20 mg)组(D组),通过颅内压监测,观察各组降低颅内压的效率、血浆渗透压及肾功能改变。结果(1)在降低颅内压的有效率、颅内压反跳率、药效持续时间上,C、D组明显优于A、B组(均P<0.05);降压幅度4组间差异无显著性。(2)连续降颅压治疗第5 d及第7 d时,各组均出现血浆渗透压的升高,与C组相比,B、D组升高更明显(P<0.05~0.01)。(3)连续使用甘露醇第5 d、7 d,与C组相比,B、D组血尿素氮、肌酐明显升高(均P<0.05)。结论半量甘露醇 速尿治疗颅内压增高疗效佳、安全性高。     

Combined mortality and morbidity of direct surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm

Two hundred aneurysms of the abdominal aorta were treated surgically from 1980 to 1987 by the same surgeon. There were 187 men and 13 women whose mean age was 66.1 years. Nine patients were 80-years-old or more. Eighty-seven percent of patients had preoperative risk factors, 30% of which were coronary artery disease. The operative approach was through a transverse laparotomy in 188 patients compared to 11 midline incisions and one lumbotomy. An aortoaortic tube was inserted in 87 patients, a bifurcated prosthesis in 99, and a tube bypass in 14. Five patients (2.5%) died within the 30 day perioperative period. Death was due to colonic necrosis, right heart chamber thrombosis, renal failure after repeat operation for acute lower limb ischemia, and myocardial infarction associated with renal and respiratory failure. The morbidity rate was 15.7% (31 patients) and included seven neurologic accidents, four respiratory complications, five ischemic events of the lower limbs requiring reoperation and one amputation, four cardiac complications, two renal failures, one reversible colonic ischemia, one revision for incomplete hemostasis, one phlebitis, one sliding syndrome, and five minor infections or cutaneous complications. Mean duration of hospital stay was 10.9 days. These results confirm that direct operation on aortic aneurysms can be performed in patients from all age groups and even with associated diseases. A rapid, simple technique based on a transverse approach, minimal dissection and insertion of aortoaortic tubes, whenever feasible, appears to reduce combined mortality-morbidity.Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Societé de Chirurgie Vasculaire de Langue Française, May 20–21, 1988, La Grande Motte, France.     

颅内破裂动脉瘤手术时机的探讨(附237例分析)

目的探讨颅内破裂动脉瘤手术时机与临床预后的关系。方法回顾性分析2005年我院收治的237例颅内破裂动脉瘤，其中196例行手术治疗。按入院时Hunt—Hess分级将手术病人分为A组（Ⅰ～Ⅲ级）162例，B组（Ⅳ、Ⅴ级）34例；根据手术时间分为早期手术组（SAH3d内手术）19例，延期手术组（SAH4～10d手术）82例，晚期手术组（SAH11d之后手术）95例。比较不同手术期别动脉瘤术中破裂率、术后1个月GOS评分及术后主要并发症（脑血管痉挛、脑积水）发生率，并进行统计学分析。结果24例（10．1％）因再出血丧失治疗机会。术中动脉瘤破裂早期手术组3例（15，8％），延期手术组8例（9．8％），晚期手术组6例（613％）。术后脑血管痉挛发生率早期手术组为15，8％，延期手术组为19，5％，晚期手术组为17，9％。脑积水发生率以晚期手术组最高（14，7％）。对术后1个月GOS评分Ridit分析结果显示：A、B两组中均以早期手术组治疗效果最佳．延期手术次之．晚期手术最差。结论早期手术可规避颅内破裂动脉瘤再出血的风险，降低主要并发症发生率。对于各个级别（包括Ⅳ、Ⅴ级）的SAH病人，均应根据治疗者的手术经验与技巧和所在医院的条件，及早诊断，尽早手术。