Mucoadhesion of Latexes. I. Analytical Methods and Kinetic Studies

A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy/attenuated total reflection technique for direct quantification of adsorbed poly(styrene) latexes on rat intestinal mucosa was developed for deposited latex amounts up to 1.5 g/m². The method agreed well with another dosage assay of adsorbed particles by turbidimetry after denaturation of the mucus. Adsorption kinetics were made under static conditions at latex concentrations of 4 g/L in physiological saline. Ninety percent of equilibrium was reached after 10 min for a particle size of 230 nm, 20 min for a size of 320 nm, and 30 min for a size of 670 nm. The plateaus were between 0.6 and 0.9 g/m² (adsorbed mass per apparent surface of mucosa). The first phase of the kinetics was theoretically approached by a diffusion model in the suspension medium. Mucosa from rat jejunum and ileum could be considered as a homogeneous biological model for latex adsorption.     

Effects of sciatic neurectomy on the femur in growing rats: Application of peripheral quantitative computed tomography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

The effects of unilateral sciatic neurectomy (USN) on the development of the femur were studied in 15 growing Wistar-derived rats (age, 5 weeks). The rats were divided into four groups: USN-operated group (right femur), USN-nonoperated group (left femur), sham-operated group (right femur), and sham-nonoperated group (left femur). Bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), bone area, periosteal circumference, and endosteal circumference were measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and the mineral/matrix ratio was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The USN-operated group showed a significant decrease in cortical BMC, bone area, and periosteal circumference compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). The cortical BMD did not vary significantly between the groups. In the cancellous bone, the USN-operated group showed a significant decrease in BMD and BMC at the metaphysis compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). The mineral/matrix ratio of the cortical bone did not differ significantly between the USN-operated and USN-nonoperated groups. These results suggest that in cortical bone, USN inhibits periosteal bone formation but has no significant effect on the mineral/matrix ratio of cortical bone in femurs. In cancellous bone, USN induces bone loss at the metaphysis. Received: Nov. 19, 1998 / Accepted: Feb. 12, 1999     

中西医结合治疗宫颈糜烂50例观察

目的：观察恒和坤净栓联合波姆红外光治疗宫项糜烂的疗效。方法：中西医结合组50例用恒和坤净检与波姆红外光治力仪联合治疗；对照组50例，单用波姆红外光治疗仪治疗。结果：中西医结合组痊愈率82％，对照组痊愈率40％。结论：中西医结合疗效较好，优于单用西医治疗。     

包裹在脂质体内部胰岛素的二级结构

目的以单纯胰岛素为对照，采用傅立叶红外光谱（Fourier transform infrared， FTIR）研究包裹在脂质体内部胰岛素二级结构的变化。方法分别对单纯胰岛素、胰岛素与空白脂质体混合物（样品I）及包裹胰岛素的脂质体（II）样品进行测定。结果样品I和样品II中胰岛素的FTIR谱图形状与单纯胰岛素相比基本一致，仅α-螺旋百分比略有下降（由36.09%分别下降到31.68%和31.45%），β-折叠百分比略有增加（由47.83%分别增加到53.29%和51.36%）。样品I和样品II中胰岛素的二级结构无明显差别（α-螺旋百分比为31.68%和31.45%，β-折叠百分比为53.29%和51.36%）。结论包裹在脂质体内部胰岛素的二级结构与单纯胰岛素相比无明显变化。     

中医色诊学定位与红外热象数字化研究

中医色诊学是通过观察颜面气色变化了解病情的诊法。由于色诊一直停滞在目测水平，加以可见光波范围甚窄，使之受到极大限制，以致近代濒于失传。笔者分别用中心座标法定点、自然标志法分区，改进传统明堂色部和颜面色部，配合面部整体观测，构成三级精确定位模式，为仪器测量奠定了可靠基础。使用瑞典AGA782红外热像仪摄取46例健康青年红外面图，对经改进的传统色部即时温度进行数据测试和数理分析。通过数理分析，发现面温与阳气呈正相关的多种现象。故依据中医学理论提出：凡不符合正常值范围者为病态，高于上限者可考虑为实热阳证，低于下限者可考虑为虚寒阴证。可为今后研究提供方向。     

针药合用治疗周围性面瘫146例

针药合用治疗周围性面瘫１４６例安徽省颍上县人民医院（安徽２３６２００）黄子英１９７０～１９９５年，笔者采用针药合用治疗周围性面瘫１４６例，疗效满意，现总结如下。临床资料１４６例均属门诊患者，参照《针灸学》（上海针灸学院编．北京：人民卫生出版社，１９７...     

盐酸拓扑替康的晶型与稳定性研究

目的解析不同晶型盐酸拓扑替康理化性质变化以及稳定性。方法采用X射线衍射、热分析、红外分光光度法、高效液相色谱法。结果发现4种晶型的存在,4种晶型的熔点、X射线衍射图、红外吸收光谱图均有差异,其稳定性也存在差异。结论不同晶型的盐酸拓扑替康理化性质有差异,稳定性也存在差异,以B晶型最稳定。     

扇贝裙边中糖胺聚糖的气相色谱定性定量分析及红外光谱分析

目的 对栉孔扇贝和海湾扇贝裙边中提取分离的糖胺聚糖进行化学组成及结构研究。方法 样品经盐酸—甲醇试剂醇解成单糖．采用标准对照法及内标法进行气相色谱定性定量测定。样品经KBr压片，红外光谱扫描(4000～500cm^-1)。结果 测定出栉孔扇贝糖胺聚糖中单糖含量分别为鼠李糖0．75％，木糖0．63％，岩藻糖0．67％，甘露糖0．97％，葡萄糖1．11％，半乳糖1．59％。红外光谱测定结果显示，栉孔扇贝和海湾扇贝糖胺聚糖具有典型酸性黏多糖的吸收特征。结论 从栉孔扇贝裙边中提取分离的糖胺聚糖，分子中含有中性糖基。与标准品的红外光谱进行比较．两种扇贝糖胺聚糖均与透明质酸的红外光谱相似。     

全氟磺酸再生树脂的微结构和热性能

利用红外光谱分析了再生全氟磺酸(PFSA)树脂的结构,比较了酸型PFSA再生树脂(PFSA-H)和钠型PFSA再生树脂(PFSA-N a)的微观结构,利用酸碱滴定的方法测定了再生PF-SA树脂离子交换容量(IEC),利用热重法、微商热重法及差示扫描量热法等研究了PFSA再生树脂的热性能。结果表明:PFSA再生树脂中的磺酸根(—SO3-)、侧链中的醚结构(C—O—C)及碳氟主链骨架(CF2)等特征基团都与Dupont公司的N afion膜的PFSA的分子结构一致;PFSA再生树脂溶液中未发现F-8020型全氟离子交换膜中全氟羧酸层树脂;每摩尔交换基团所对应的PFSA再生树脂的质量(EW)达到1 130,接近Dupont公司产品N afion117的相应性能参数。热分析结果表明:PFSA-N a再生树脂的起始分解温度410°C左右;酸型树脂的起始分解温度200°C左右,且PFSA-H再生树脂的分解过程主要分为3个阶段:200~250°C、250~375°C和375~550°C。     

医学成像技术的进展

医学成像技术在最近几年中有了飞速的发展，新的成像方法不断涌现，已有的成像方式不断完善。从平面到立体、从局部到整体、从静态到动态、从形态到功能已成为医学成像技术发展的趋势。文中简要介绍分子成像、近红外热成像等新的成像方式。