连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过治疗多器官功能障碍综合征的应用研究

目的：探讨连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过(CVVH)治疗重症多发性创伤(SMI)导致的多器官功能障碍综合征的临床效果。方法选取本院2011年1月~2014年1月收治的100例重症多发性创伤患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,各50例。对照组给予常规综合治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上采用CVVH治疗。观察两组治疗前后的肌酐(SCr)、尿素氮(BUN)、K+、Na+和HCO3-水平,并比较两组治疗前后的APACHE Ⅱ、MODS和SOFA评分。结果观察组治疗后的SCr、BUN、K+、Na+水平显著低于对照组治疗后,HCO3-水平显著高于对照组治疗后,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后的APACHEⅡ、MODS及SOFA评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的病死率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 CVVH可通过下调炎症介质而调控机体的炎性反应,能够明显改善机体内各脏器组织的生理学功能。     

The association between the hypertriglyceridaemia waist phenotype,cardiovascular risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in South African Asian-Indians

Background and aimsThe combination of high triglycerides and increased waist circumference (HTGW) has not been examined as a predictor of cardiometabolic abnormalities or the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in high-risk Asian populations. This study examines the so-called hypertriglyceridemia waist (HTGW) phenotype, (high serum triglycerides [Tg]) and increased waist circumference (WC) as a predictor of cardiometabolic abnormalities in a high-risk Asian population.MethodsData from the Phoenix Lifestyle Project, a cross-sectional study of 1349 South Asian Indians (15–65 years; 379 men; 970 women) in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, were reclassified into different waist and Tg phenotypes using the demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters. The HTGW phenotype was defined as WC ≥ 90 cm for men; ≥80 cm for women & TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L. The MetS was determined using the harmonised criteria. Stepwise logistic regression was used to determine the strength of each phenotype as a predictor of the MetS.ResultsThe HTGW phenotype was recorded in 35.4% of participants, predominantly women (36.1%) and 8.2% smokers. Metabolic derangements and cardiovascular risk factors increased significantly in those with HTGW phenotype. After adjustment, multivariate logistic regression showed that the association between elevated total serum cholesterol, LDL, lowered HDL, diabetes and hypertension with HTGW persisted. The odds for participants with the HTGW phenotype developing the MetS was 19.7 (95% CI 13.9; 27.9). The degree of concordance between the HTGW was highest with the IDF and harmonised criteria for MetS.ConclusionThe HTGW phenotype was associated with a significantly higher risk of developing additional lipid derangements, hypertension, diabetes and the MetS.     

达格列净治疗糖尿病肾病患者的临床研究

目的探讨对糖尿病肾病患者实施达格列净治疗的临床效果。方法在2019年11月—2020年11月期间选取60例糖尿病肾病患者,将其按照随机数字表法分组,每组30例。对照组实施常规降糖药物治疗,研究组基于对照组治疗方案实施达格列净治疗,对比分析两组临床效果。结果治疗后研究组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后研究组24 h尿微量白蛋白低于对照组,24 h尿糖高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后研究组肿瘤坏死因子-α、白介素-1β均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组低血糖、尿路感染、恶心呕吐等不良反应总发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对于糖尿病肾病患者来说,达格列净治疗可有效改善血糖,使肾功能得到保护,还可以减轻炎症,具备较高的安全性,临床价值显著。     

Novel Oxazolidinone Antibacterial Analogues with a Substituted Ligustrazine C‐ring Unit

A series of novel oxazolidinone compounds with a substituted ligustrazine C‐ring unit and different substituted groups at the C‐5 side chain were designed and synthesized using linezolid as a lead and based on a scaffold hopping strategy. Their antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory activities were evaluated. The results of in vitro antibacterial assays showed that all fourteen target compounds displayed potent activity against Gram‐positive pathogens, particularly 8b , 13b , 14a , 14b , 15a, and 15b . Moreover, 14a and 14b exhibited significant inhibitory activities on the production of inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide, interleukin‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha. Thus, these derivatives could serve as valuable candidates to develop anti‐infective agents for the treatment of chronic wounds.     

可视支气管堵塞器插管和可视双腔支气管导管插管的对比研究*

比较可视支气管堵塞器（EBB）插管和可视双腔支气管导管（VDLT）插管在胸科手术中插管定位时间、单肺通气效果及对气道炎症应激反应的比较。方法 选择行胸腔镜肺叶切除术的患者40例,随机分为两组,分别用VDLT插管和EBB插管。比较两组的插管时间、定位时间、导管移位率,记录两组患者插管前（T0）、插管即刻（气管导管主套囊过声门的时间）（T1）、插管定位成功即刻（T2）和插管定位成功后5 min（T3）时引起的心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）变化和插管前后血清去甲肾上腺素（NE）、血清皮质醇（Cor）和C反应蛋白（CRP）等炎症应激水平的变化,并进行对比,以及比较单肺通气后两组不同时间点肺萎陷的程度。结果 EBB组插管时间比VDLT组短,在T1和T2时刻,两组的HR和MAP相比差异有统计学意义,在T3时刻,两组患者炎症应激水平（NE、Cor和CRP）差异有统计学意义;VDLT组定位时间快于EBB组;两组导管移位率、纤维支气管镜（FOB）使用率、单肺通气后各时点肺萎陷的程度比较,差异无统计学意义。结论 EBB插管时间快、定位准确、插管刺激小,术中持续气道可视化管理方便,值得推广。     

Mechanisms of Disease: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), represented by Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, are associated with major morbidity in Western countries and with increasing incidence in the developing world. Although analysis of the genome of patients with IBD, especially through genome-wide association studies, has unraveled multiple pathways involved in IBD pathogenesis, only part of IBD heritability has been explained by genetic studies. This finding has revealed that environmental factors also play a major role in promoting intestinal inflammation, mostly through their effects in the composition of the microbiome. However, in order for microbial dysbiosis to result in uncontrolled intestinal inflammation, the intestinal barrier formed by intestinal epithelial cells and the innate immune system should also be compromised. Finally, activation of the immune system depends on the working balance between effector and regulatory cells present in the intestinal mucosa, which have also been found to be dysregulated in this patient population. Therefore, IBD pathogenesis is a result of the interplay of genetic susceptibility and environmental impact on the microbiome that through a weakened intestinal barrier will lead to inappropriate intestinal immune activation. In this article, we will review the mechanisms proposed to cause IBD from the genetic, environmental, intestinal barrier, and immunologic perspectives.     

抗HMGCR/SRP抗体阳性的特发性炎性肌病特点分析

目的:探讨抗HMGCR/SRP抗体阳性的特发性炎性肌病(IIM)的临床和病理特点。方法:收集HMGCR/SRP抗体阳性的IIM患者5例,对其危险因素、临床表现、实验室检查、肌电图、肌肉MRI、肌肉病理、肌炎自身抗体及药物治疗进行分析。结果:抗HMGCR/SRP抗体阳性的IIM患者临床变异较大,但大多有肌肉无力;血清肌酸激酶均较高;5例患者肌电图均表现为典型的肌源性损害。肌肉MRI主要表现为肌肉水肿。3例为典型坏死性肌病表现,1例镜下偶见肌细胞坏死,1例为多发性肌炎表现。HMGCR抗体阳性患者其中1例为正服用他汀药物,另一患者服用抗精神病药物;SRP抗体阳性患者1例为自身免疫性疾病患者,1例长期服用他汀,另1例病因未明确。激素治疗效果不一,2例加用丙种球蛋白治疗,1例加用免疫抑制剂治疗。结论:抗HMGCR/SRP抗体阳性的IIM临床表现各异,肌电图仅能定位肌肉损害,主要依靠肌肉活检,肌炎自身抗体检查更有助于诊断和具体分型,疗效各型不一。