原发性中枢神经系统恶性淋巴瘤27例临床病理分析

目的 :分析和探讨原发性中枢神经系统恶性淋巴瘤 (PCNSML)的临床与病理学特点。　方法 :总结经手术证实的 2 7例PCNSML患者的临床资料 ,并进行病理学及免疫组化研究 ;　结果 :患者以中年男性为多 ,临床表现无特异性 ,术前误诊率高。病理学显示 2 6例为B细胞淋巴瘤 ,绝大多数属弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤 ;1例为T细胞淋巴瘤。 81.3%B细胞淋巴瘤bcl 2呈阳性表达。术后行放、化疗者生存期优于单纯手术者。　结论 :PCNSML临床早期诊断困难 ,治疗方案应采取以手术加放化疗的综合治疗措施     

术后胆漏和继发胆管狭窄的内镜治疗

胆漏和继发胆管狭窄是严重的外科并发症，传统的治疗方法是再次开腹手术，但再手术并发症多，死亡率高。而内镜胆管造影不仅可明确诊断，且内镜下治疗具有安全、疗效肯定、创伤小和并发症少等优点，可作为大多数胆漏和胆管狭窄患者首选治疗方法。     

睾丸旁促结缔组织增生性小圆细胞肿瘤1例报告及文献复习

目的:探讨睾丸旁促结缔组织增生性小圆细胞肿瘤的临床、病理特征、诊断及治疗。方法:回顾分析1例睾丸旁促结缔组织增生性小圆细胞肿瘤的诊治及随访资料,并复习相关文献。患者,男,27岁,因阴囊内无痛性肿块4个月就诊。体检于左侧阴囊内可扪及囊性肿块,同侧睾丸不能扪及。行左侧睾丸根治性切除术,术后辅以化疗。结果:术中见左侧睾丸旁多发结节状隆起肿块,质偏硬;术后病理检查肿瘤细胞呈巢状或梁索状结构并埋没在增生的纤维结缔组织中;免疫组化显示瘤细胞具有上皮源性、间质性和神经源性等多向分化的特点。术后已随访3年无瘤生存,预后良好。结论:促结缔组织增生性小圆细胞肿瘤有特异的临床病理特征,好发于年轻男性,手术切除肿瘤联合化疗是治疗的主要方法,睾丸旁促结缔组织增生性小圆细胞肿瘤比腹腔型预后相对好。     

Robotic endoscopic surgery in a porcine model of the infant neck

Minimally invasive surgery is rapidly becoming the desired surgical standard, especially for pediatric patients. Infants and children are a particular technical challenge, however, because of the small size of target anatomical structures and the small surgical workspace. Computer-assisted robot-enhanced surgical telemanipulators may overcome these challenges by facilitating surgery in a small workspace. We studied the feasibility of performing robotic endoscopic neck surgery on a porcine model of the human infant neck. The study design was a prospective, feasibility pilot study of a small cohort for proof of concept and for a survival model. Sixteen non-survival piglets weighing 4.5–10 kg were used to develop the surgical approach and operative technique. Eight piglets aged 3–6 weeks old and weighing 4.0–9.1 kg underwent survival thyroidectomy by a cervical endoscopic approach using the Zeus surgical robot, which includes the Aesop endoscope holder and “Microwrist” microdissecting instruments. We succeeded in performing endoscopic robotic neck surgery on a piglet as small as 4 kg, in an operative pocket as small as 2 cm³. Total incision length for all three ports was ≤23 mm. There were no major complications, no major robotic instrument malfunctions or breakages, and no procedures required conversion to open surgery. These results support the feasibility of robotic endoscopic neck surgery on a neck the size of a human infant’s. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: ) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

内镜下鼻胆管引流治疗急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎(附25例报告)

目的探讨急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎伴多器官衰竭的治疗方法。方法对25例急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎伴多器官衰竭的患者采取以内镜下鼻胆管引流术、经鼻胆管冲洗及灌注抗生素为主的非手术综合治疗,观察患者治疗前后的血清总胆红素水平、B超下胆总管内径变化,并对患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组25例患者除2例需转外科急诊手术治疗外,其余23例内镜下胰胆管造影、内镜下鼻胆管引流术成功,胆汁引流通畅,多器官衰竭得以纠正,急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎伴多器官衰竭治愈率为92.0%。结论对急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎伴多器官衰竭患者采取内镜下鼻胆管引流术、静脉应用和经鼻胆管冲洗及灌注抗生素为主的综合治疗是有效、安全的。     

鼻内镜下或间接喉镜下微波热凝术治疗声带息肉声带小结

目的探讨间接喉镜下或鼻内镜下微波热凝治疗声带息肉或小结的效果。方法对321例在间接喉镜或鼻内镜下微波热凝治疗声带息肉或小结病例资料进行分析。结果321例患者均一次手术成功。术后随诊3个月～一年以上的321例患者,治愈率92%,好转率8%。无效率为0。术中和术后未发生并发症。结论间接喉镜下或鼻内镜下微波热凝治疗声带息肉声带小结,具有操作安全、方便、不出血、快捷、简单、治愈率高等优点。     

ANALYSIS OF BURIED BUMPER SYNDROME AFTER PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY DUE TO USE OF A BUTTON‐TYPE KIT

Background: Buried bumper syndrome (BBS) is a rare complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). Along with the widespread use of the button‐type kit, BBS is encountered frequently. Methods: In the present study, we examined causes and treatments for BBS among 1400 patients who had undergone PEG. Results: The causes of BBS after PEG were classified into two categories: early causes consisted of wound infection, inappropriate size of kit and severe lordosis, while late causes were inappropriate exchange of kit, rough management or weight gain. The treatments for BBS could be determined by the degree of wound infection, fistula and burial of the bumper. Conclusion: We prepared a flowchart for replacement, by which BBS can be managed safely and quickly without surgical or endoscopic intervention.     

ENDOSCOPIC OBSERVATION OF MUCOSAL SPREAD LESION OF CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA USING PERORAL CHOLANGIOSCOPY WITH NARROW BAND IMAGING

A 69‐year‐old man was admitted to Toho University Omori Medical Center complaining of icterus. Abdominal computed tomography, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were suspicious of cholangioma of inferior bile duct. Peroral cholangioscopy using narrow band imaging (NBI) was performed and it was possible to diagnose the mucosal spread lesions of cholangioma. Histological findings reflected the endoscopic findings. Mucosal spread lesions of cholangiocarcinoma were successfully diagnosed using the CHF‐B260 for NBI.     

金地鼠颊囊癌前病变的细胞增殖动力学研究

目的研究口腔上皮组织癌和癌前病变的细胞动力学变化特征。方法采用Ｓａｌｅｙ的ＤＭＢＡ涂布诱导法，建立金地鼠颊囊癌前病变模型，并用溴脱氧尿苷流式细胞动力学检测方法，对３０只叙利亚种金地鼠进行分组对照研究。结果涂药组光镜下的细胞病变程度随涂药时间延长而逐渐加重，而空白对照组无变化；ＦＣＭ检测显示涂药组与对照组在Ｓ期阳性细胞检出率存在显著差异。即使在光镜下表现为轻度不典型增生时，ＦＣＭ检测结果也有显著差别。结论金地鼠颊囊癌前病变具有细胞异常增殖的细胞动力学特征     

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy–a user's perspective

Sixteen patients receiving percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding following a period of nasogastric (NG) feeding were investigated to assess acceptance and identify problems by means of a questionnaire. PEG was considered to be superior to NG feeding in terms of tolerance and cosmetic acceptance by 81% and 88% of participants respectively ( P < 0.001). Pain was an infrequent problem. Interruptions to feeding were consideed to be more common with NG feeding by 50% of participants; 38% considered interruptions equally common with both PEG and NG, and 12% considered interruptions more common with PEG feeding ( P = NS). The time for care was equivalent for both methods. Seventy-five percent considered PEG to have made a valuable contribution to enteral feeding. Leakage was however considered to be more frequent in PEG feeding by 81% of participants (compared to 12% who considered leakage to be more common with NG feeding; P < 0.001) and leakage was more frequent at die junctions in the catheter rather than from the stoma. Thirty-one percent of patients with PEG had needed systemic antibiotics for stomal infections. All patients with both PEG and NG feeding needed professional help. Sixty-two percent needed professional help more frequently with PEG than with NG feeding (compared to 19% who considered that the NG tube needed professional help more frequently; P <0.05). We conclude that leakage and infections are major problems in PEG enteral feeding.