“3·10”云南盈江地震医学救援的实施

回顾医疗队赴云南省德宏州盈江县抗震救灾的实施过程,探讨在亚热带丛林地区开展医学救灾的特点,为以后救灾及部队卫勤保障提供参考。     

Exploring geological and socio-demographic factors associated with under-five mortality in the Wenchuan earthquake using neural network model

On 12 May 2008, a devastating earthquake occurred in Sichuan Province, China, taking tens of thousands of lives and destroying the homes of millions of people. Among the large number of dead or missing were children, particularly children aged less than five years old, a fact which drew significant media attention. To obtain relevant information specifically to aid further studies and future preventative measures, a neural network model was proposed to explore some geological and socio-demographic factors associated with earthquake-related child mortality. Sensitivity analysis showed that topographic slope (mean 35.76%), geomorphology (mean 24.18%), earthquake intensity (mean 13.68%), and average income (mean 11%) had great contributions to child mortality. These findings could provide some clues to researchers for further studies and to policy makers in deciding how and where preventive measures and corresponding policies should be implemented in the reconstruction of communities.     

野战方舱医院抗震救灾妇产专业模块化抽组体会

目的:探讨野战方舱医院妇产模块化人员及装备的配置。方法:结合某野战方舱医院参加四川汶川及青海玉树抗震救灾,在灾区设立妇产模块,成立妇产科门诊及妇产科检查室。结果:在汶川和玉树抗震救灾中,通过设立妇产科模块,极大地提高了灾区妇产科伤病员的诊治水平。结论:野战方舱医院设立妇产科模块,是适应野战方舱医院执行抗震救灾的需要。     

应对效能在地震创伤后应激障碍状况的中介效应分析

目的调查5.12汶川地震后四川省汉源县高中生的创伤后应激障碍现状。探讨乐观主义、悲观主义、应对效能和创伤后应激障碍的关系模型。方法采用乐观主义—悲观主义量表、应对效能问卷、事件影响量表、心理创伤后应激障碍自评量表对300名灾区高中生施测。结果震灾2周后,32.65%的灾区高中生应激水平在临界值以上,女生的应激水平显著高于男生,悲观主义能够直接和通过应对效能间接地正向预测PTSD-SS总分,乐观主义通过应对效能间接地负向预测PTSD-SS总分。结论乐观主义和应对效能是灾区高中生的心理保护因素。     

2013年甘肃省岷县、漳县60例地震重症伤员受伤部位及其影像学特点

目的对2013年甘肃省岷县、漳县地震重症伤员的受伤部位及其影像学特点进行分析。方法回顾性收集在地震发生7天内送往兰州市各大医院的岷县、漳县60例地震重症伤员的临床资料,采用Excel软件录入数据并进行分析。结果 60例地震伤员中,20例为单部位损伤,40例为多部位损伤,受伤部位共计120处。四肢伤41例,共53个部位骨折,其中上肢11例(12个部位),下肢34例(41个部位)。头颅伤14例,共16个部位。脊柱伤13例,共累及14个椎体,20个部位,其中10例伴有脑和脊髓损伤。胸部伤17例,伴有肋骨骨折6例,骨折27处。另外,7例伤员伴有内脏损伤,累及腹部4个部位。结论此次地震伤以全身多部位、多器官损伤为多,其中以四肢骨折多见,腹部损伤少见。影像检查有助于地震伤员的筛查及分类治疗。     

危重地震伤员院前转运要点

自2008年以来中国已经发生了三次严重的地震伤亡事件,每次大批量的地震伤员被分拣以后,短期内就需转运到当地医院进行救治。但常因危重伤员较多和当地医疗资源的匮乏,大量的危重伤员需要立刻从地震现场转运到后方医院治疗。由于其生理功能的紊乱及途中医疗条件的限制,会造成转途中存在着较大的风险。虽然目前国际上有较多关于危重病人转运的研究和指南,但主要是针对一般危重病人的院际及院间转运。     

地震期间“双轨制”模式对非地震患者急诊滞留时间的影响

急诊室患者的滞留及由此导致的过度拥挤已经成为国内外医院面临的共同难题〔1-3〕。2013-04-20,四川雅安芦山的7.0级地震使成千上万人的生命受到严重伤害。突发事件对医院的影响主要包括两方面：一方面是医疗工作的正常运行被干扰,另一方面是患者的医疗需求剧增〔4〕。     

The presence of post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms in earthquake survivors one month after a mudslide in southwest China

The psychological impact of a mudslide on survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake in China and the risk factors for development of disaster‐related post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were investigated. The study design was cross‐sectional and included 1321 survivors who had endured both an earthquake and a mudslide. Participants filled out a self‐report questionnaire. One month after the mudslide, the rate of PTSD symptoms was 18.7%. Females, the elderly, those with lower educational levels, those that lacked social support, those who did not take precautionary measures, those living with children below 6 years of age, and those who had higher exposure to traumatic events experienced a higher level of PTSD symptoms. Results indicated that timely rescue, abundant material help, and mental rehabilitation after a disaster play important roles in recovery, and that there are still some high‐risk groups that need attention, care, and effective intervention from healthcare professionals and society.     

四川省北川县擂鼓镇家庭结构试点调查:2008年汶川大地震前后对比

目的:客观对比擂鼓镇2008年汶川大地震前后家庭结构情况并分析探讨其原因。方法:于2012年对四川省北川县擂鼓城乡进行深入到户试点调查,将调查结果与采用同样调查方法的2007年数据(调查点包括擂鼓农村)进行纵向对比分析,另就2012年数据横向对比擂鼓城乡间以及羌汉两族家庭结构情况。结果与结论:此次调查的擂鼓城乡与2007年擂鼓农村户均人口均约为4左右。汶川大地震后(2012年)擂鼓农村家庭的户均人数与地震前(2007年)相比减少了7%;擂鼓农村2007年家庭96%为核心、主干与夫妇家庭,地震后(2012年)这个比例下降至80%,扩大和其它家庭显著增加,类型更趋多元化。擂鼓城镇与农村不分民族来看家庭结构差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。擂鼓农村羌族与汉族对比:家庭规模羌汉差距不大(P>0.05);家庭类型差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),汉族家庭更趋多元化;家庭代际差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),汉族家庭更趋大户型。