Do retinal and spinal projections overlap within the turtle thalamus?

The spinal and retinal projections to the turtle thalamus were studied using the autoradiographic tracing technique. Particular attention is given to the regions receiving both spinal and retinal projections: the ovalis complex and a perirotundal stripe. Spinal and retinal projections do not overlap significantly in either of these regions. In the perirotundal stripe there appears to be little likelihood of convergence of these projections on single neurons. In the ovalis complex, the most densely and the most consistently innervated thalamic region, however, the respective spinal and retinal target areas are located immediately adjacent to each other and low order somatosensory and visual projections may converge on single neurons with dendrites extending into both the spinal and retinal terminal arborizations. The ovalis complex in the turtle may be compared with the ventral part of the mammalian lateral geniculate nucleus. Both these nuclei receive spinal and retinal projections and both, reportedly, do not project to the telencephalon. The findings are discussed in relation to the possible evolution of the specific thalamic sensory nuclei in higher mammals as well as to the prosencephalic processing of somatosensory and visual information in turtles and mammals.     

18MHz高频超声技术检测社区T2DM患者足背动脉血管病变

目的:探讨18MHz高频超声技术对T2DM患者足背动脉血管病变的诊断价值.方法:选择2014年1月到2015年6月社区240例居民为研究对象,根据WHO诊断标准将其分为T2DM组和对照组.应用18MHz高频超声技术比较两组患者足背动脉内中膜厚度、足背动脉阻力指数、足背动脉搏动指数、足背动脉内径、足背动脉平均流速和足背血流量,并分析其与糖尿病病程的相关性.结果:T2DM组患者空腹血糖、进餐2h血糖、胆固醇、糖化血红蛋白、C反应蛋白水平均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与对照组比较,T2DM组患者足背动脉搏动指数显著上升、足背血流量显著下降,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在患病3年时空腹血糖和胆固醇水平才具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而足背动脉搏动指数在第一年具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:18 MHz高频超声技术检测T2DM患者足背动脉病变具有较高的临床应用价值.     

游离足背皮瓣移植修复手背软组织缺损的临床分析

目的：探讨应用游离足背皮瓣修复手背部软组织缺损的适应证及临床疗效。方法自2013年3月至2015年11月在潍坊医学院附属医院骨外科,采用吻合血管的游离足背皮瓣移植修复手背部软组织缺损25例,其中一期急诊行游离足背皮瓣修复19例,一期清创封闭负压引流（ vacuum－sealing drainage,VSD）,二期游离足背皮瓣修复6例。术后观察皮瓣成活情况及并发症。随访1～2年,观察皮瓣外观及皮瓣两点的分辨觉。结果术后皮瓣全部成活,术后平均随访1．3年,皮瓣质地较薄,弹性适中,感觉恢复良好,两点辨别觉为4～7 mm。结论采用游离足背皮瓣移植修复手背软组织缺损临床效果确切,是一种理想的方法。     

Inhibition of the growth of human dermatophytic pathogens by selected australian and asian plants traditionally used to treat fungal infections

ObjectiveSyzygium australe (H.L. Wnddl. ex. Link) B. Hyland, Syzygium luehmannii (F. Muell.) L.A.S. Johnson, Syzygium jambos L. (Alston), Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell. and Tasmannia lanceolata (Poir.) A.C.Sm. are used in traditional Australian Aboriginal and Asian healing systems to treat a variety of pathogenic diseases including fungal skin infections, yet they are yet to be examined for the ability to inhibit the growth of human dermatophytes.Materials and methodsThe fungal growth inhibitory activity of extracts produced from selected Australian and Asian plants was assessed against a panel of human dermatophytes by standard disc diffusion and liquid dilution MIC methods. The toxicity of the extracts was evaluated by Artemia lethality and MTS HDF cell viability assays. The phytochemistry of the most promising extracts were examined by GC-MS headspace analysis and some interesting compounds were highlighted.ResultsThe aqueous and methanolic extracts of all plant species were good antifungal agents, inhibiting the growth of all of the dematophytes tested. The methanolic S. australe (SA) and S. luehmannii (SL) extracts were particularly potent fungal growth inhibitors. MIC values of 39 and 53 μg/mL were recorded for the methanolic SL fruit extract against T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum respectively. Similar MICs were also noted for the methanolic SL leaf extract (88 and 106 μg/mL respectively). The methanolic SL leaf extract was a particularly good fungal growth inhibitor, with MIC values ≤ 100 μg/mL against the reference C. albicans strain (96 μg/mL), E. floccosum (53 μg/mL), and T. mentagrophytes (88 μg/mL). This extract also produced MICs ≤ 200 μg/mL against all other fungal species/strains tested. Similarly good activity was seen for the methanolic S. australe leaf and fruit extracts, as well as the S. lehmannii fruit and S. jambos leaf extracts, with MIC values 100-500 μg/mL. Interestingly, these extracts had low toxicity and high therapeutic indices, indicating their suitability for clinical use. GC-MS headspace analysis highlighted several monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids in the methanolic SA and SL extracts. T. ferdinandiana and T. lanceolata extracts also had promising antifungal activity, albeit with substantially higher MICs.ConclusionWhilst multiple extracts inhibited fungal growth, the methanolic S. australe and S. luehmannii leaf extracts and the S. luehmannii fruit extracts showed particularly potent activity against each of these dermatophytes, indicating that they are promising leads for the development of anti-dermatophytic therapeutics.     

足背动脉内侧筋膜支为蒂的足内侧皮瓣移植

目的报道足背动脉内侧筋膜支为蒂的足内侧皮瓣的设计及临床应用结果。方法对足内侧区皮肤筋膜血供的进一步观测,发现足背动脉内侧筋膜支恒定,为该区的重要血供来源。据此设计了可达１０ｃｍ×８ｃｍ的足内侧皮瓣。临床用于修复足背、踝部、前足、小腿下端及手部软组织缺损１８例。结果术后皮瓣全部成活,效果良好,供区损害轻。结论足背动脉内侧筋膜分支是足内侧皮瓣的可靠血管蒂。该皮瓣是修复足背、踝部、小腿下端及前足软组织缺损的一种理想的组织瓣。     

脑缺血时中缝背核5-HT变化的免疫组化观察

目的：探讨沙土鼠有离缺血时中缝背核神经元５－ＨＴ的变化。方法：用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法及图象分析对沙土鼠缺血不同时间以及缺血１０分钟后再灌不同时间其中缝背核神经元６－ＨＴ的变化进行研究。结果：脑缺血１０钟、３０分钟时,沙土鼠脑中缝背核５－ＨＴ阳性神经元的平均光密度值（ＯＤ）值与对照组比较无显著性差异;而缺血４小时时则明显降低,差异有显著性（Ｐ〈０．０５）,脑缺血１０分钟后,再灌流２０分钟,５－ＨＴ下     

Distribution analysis of TRH in Bactrocera dorsalis using a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated reporter knock-in strain

Although the study of many genes and their protein products is limited by the availability of high-quality antibodies, this problem could be solved by fusing a tag/reporter to an endogenous gene using a gene-editing approach. The type II bacterial CRISPR/Cas system has been demonstrated to be an efficient gene-targeting technology for many insects, including the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis. However, knocking in, an important editing method of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, has lagged in its application in insects. Here, we describe a highly efficient homology-directed genome editing system for B. dorsalis that incorporates coinjection of embryos with Cas9 protein, guide RNA and a short single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide donor. This one-step procedure generates flies carrying V5 tag (42 bp) in the BdorTRH gene. In insects, as in other invertebrates and in vertebrates, the neuronal tryptophan hydroxylase (TRH) gene encodes the rate-limiting enzyme for serotonin biosynthesis in the central nervous system. Using V5 monoclonal antibody, the distribution of TRH in B. dorsalis at different developmental stages was uncovered. Our results will facilitate the generation of insects carrying precise DNA inserts in endogenous genes and will lay foundation for the investigation of the neural mechanisms underlying the serotonin-mediated behaviour of B. dorsalis.     

利拉萘酯乳膏治疗237例足癣疗效观察

目的：观察利拉萘酯乳膏治疗足癣的临床疗效。方法：237例外用利拉萘酯乳膏为治疗组,98例外用盐酸特比萘芬乳膏和117例外用联苯苄唑乳膏为两个对照组。三组疗程均为4周。结果：利拉萘酯乳膏治疗组治愈率为83.5%,盐酸特比萘芬乳膏对照组的治愈率为70.4%,联苯苄唑乳膏对照组的治愈率为41.8%,治疗组治愈率优于对照组（P〈0.001）。结论：利拉萘酯乳膏治疗足癣效果显著。     

2型糖尿病患者足背动脉超声检测的价值评估

目的应用超声检测2型糖尿病患者足背动脉病变,并评价其临床价值。方法应用二维及彩色多普勒超声检测临床诊断为证明的70例DM患者的足背动脉,并与60例非DM患者做对比分析研究。结果糖尿病组足背动脉粥样硬化病变的发生率较非糖尿病组明显增高(P0.01)。糖尿病组足背动脉狭窄和闭塞的发生率高于非糖尿病组(P0.05)。糖尿病组足背动脉舒张期的血流速度较非糖尿病组明显减低(P0.01)。结论超声检测足背动脉可反映下肢远端小动脉粥样硬化情况,是评估DM患者周围血管病变程度的有效手段之一,对DM患者肢端血管病变的早期诊断、预防和治疗、治疗后的随访有重要的临床价值。     

以第1跖背动脉为蒂的足背皮瓣血供范围的解剖学研究

目的　通过墨汁灌注及血管铸形标本的制作,从解剖学探讨以第1跖背动脉为蒂的足背皮瓣的血供范围,为临床以第1跖背动脉为蒂的带足背皮瓣的第2足趾移植提供理论依据。 方法　将10侧新鲜截肢单足标本解剖分离后,从第1跖背动脉灌注墨汁,观测其染色范围。然后在显微镜下将皮瓣从深筋膜下掀起,观察细小皮支的染色范围。另取3侧标本,制作血管铸型标本。对测量结果进行统计学处理。 结果　(1)墨汁灌注染色：10侧标本染色范围为：内侧界达趾胫侧,外侧界达第3趾蹼间隙,远侧界达趾端,近侧界达跖跗关节。 (2)铸型标本观察：第1、2趾近端动脉分支分布密集,并可见第1、2、3跖背动脉之间的交通支。 结论　(1)以第1跖背动脉为蒂的足背皮瓣胫侧血供丰富,腓侧血供范围可达第3趾蹼腓侧。(2)在临床上设计带菱形或舵样足背皮瓣时,腓侧皮瓣不宜设计过大。