经内镜胆管放置改良胆道支架的临床应用

目的 通过研究ERCP放置胆管内支架和改良后胆管内支架解决梗阻性黄疸,判断改良后支架临床实用价值.方法 对20例梗阻性黄疸患者进行常规ERCP,经FRCP将导丝插入胆管并超过梗阻部位,用推送导管将合适的常规支架或改良后支架,或用鼻胆管自制支架置于胆管适当位置,对比病变前后1周胆红素情况,观察术后3个月支架移位,堵塞情况,对比两种支架引流的效果.结果 20例梗阻患者均成功置入塑料支架,成功率100.0%.患者血清总胆红素从(137.8±15.6)μmol/L,术后1周下降到(30.8±5.2)μmol/L,显效16例(80.0%),有效3例(15.0%),总有效率95.0%,1例无效(5.0%).常规支架中显效8例,有效2例,改良支架中显效9例,无效1例.3个月后改良支架未发生移位.常规支架中,2例移位,其中1例致肠壁损伤,1例支架脱落.结论 改良胆管支架(自行对支架进行塑型、打孔、增加侧翼)更容易成功放置,引流更加通畅,并且不易发生移位.     

血管内支架植入术治疗脑动脉盗血综合征疗效观察

目的：探讨血管内支架植入术治疗脑动脉盗血综合征的临床效果.方法：选取我院在2006-2010年间收治的77例脑动脉盗血综合征患者,其中,男性44例,年龄在47-79岁之间,女性33例,年龄在49-81岁之间,所有患者均经临床诊断为脑动脉盗血综合征.将77例患者随机分为两组,观察组40例,对照组37例,观察组患者采用血管内支架植入术治疗方法,对照组患者采用保守治疗方法.对两组患者的治疗情况进行跟踪观察,并记录所得数据.结果：经过治疗,两组患者的病情均得到了一定程度的改善,77例患者中,观察组40例患者,显效19例,有效16例,无效5例,有效率为87.5%,对照组37例患者,显效15例,有效13例,无效9例,有效率为75.7%.观察组治疗的效果要显著优于对照组治疗的效果,对于患者病情的改善有较大帮助.结论：在治疗脑动脉盗血综合征疾病时,采用血管内支架植入术方法治疗的效果较为显著,对于患者病情的改善有较大帮助,值得在临床推广应用.     

Cerebral infarct following carotid endarterectomy Frequency, clinical and hemodynamic significance evaluated by MRI and TCD

The purpose of this study was to disclose the frequency of new infarcts after Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA) by MRI and Transcranial Doppler examinations (TCD), and to evaluate the clinical and pathological significance. Of a consecutive series of 41 patients with a symptomatic carotid stenosis exceeding 69%, 33 had MRI and TCD examinations performed before and after the CEA. Pre-operative MRIs revealed Focal High Signal Intensity (FHSI) in 21 patients (64%) on the side of the stenosis, ranging in number from 2 to more than 20 and in size from 0.5 cm to more than 3 cm. After the operation 8 patients (24%) each had acquired from 1-4 new FHSIs, but only 3 patients (9%) suffered from clinical symptoms. In 2 patients, who had had a stroke, the FHSIs were more than 3 cm. In 1 patient, who experienced a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), the FHSI was 1-2 cm. The TCD disclosed low Pulsatility Index (PI) values in 2 of the 3 patients who had new FHSIs and clinical symptoms. In all the patients who did not show new FHSIs after the operation, the PI was normal in the MCA of the symptomatic hemisphere after CEA. So new cerebral FHSIs were rather frequent after a CEA, but only FHSIs >1 cm were accompanied by a TIA or stroke, and a low PI in the MCA of the relevant hemisphere was found before or in connection with the operation in 2 of the 3 patients who developed clinical symptoms.     

颈动脉体损伤对COPD大鼠模型呼吸调控功能的影响

目的:探讨颈动脉体化学损伤对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）大鼠呼吸运动的影响。方法:根据随机数字表法，将30只Wistar大鼠分为两组，COPD组20只:用烟熏联合LPS气道内注药法建立大鼠COPD模型；对照组10只:同等条件饲养但不进行烟熏，气道内滴注生理盐水。实验组8周造模成功后，颈部正中切开暴露双侧颈动脉体（CB），用双氧水浸润的滤纸条包裹颈总动脉分叉部，造成CB化学损伤；对照组在用同样方法分离暴露双侧颈总动脉后，用NS滤纸条包裹，对CB进行假损伤处理。分别记录每组大鼠呼吸频率、呼气间期、吸气间期、吸呼比等呼吸生理指标及血气分析结果，并进行统计学分析。造模结束后取所有大鼠双侧CB行病理学观察。结果:呼吸生理指标:CB损伤前COPD组呼吸频率明显高于对照组（t=3.186，P=0.004），CB损伤后COPD组呼吸频率更低（t=-3.266，P=0.003）、吸气时间更长（t=3.989，P<0.001）、吸呼比更高（t=6.103，     

Percutaneous Management of Ureteral Injuries that are Diagnosed Late After Cesarean Section

OBJECTIVE: We wanted to present the results of percutaneous management of ureteral injuries that were diagnosed late after cesarean sections (CS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two cases with 24 ureteral injuries that were diagnosed late after CS underwent percutaneous nephrostomy (PN), antegrade double J (DJ) catheter placement and balloon dilatation or a combination of these. The time for making the diagnosis was 21 +/- 50.1 days. The injury site was the distal ureter in all cases (the left ureter: 13, the right ureter: 7 and bilateral: 2). Fifteen complete ureteral obstructions were detected in 13 cases. Ureteral leakage due to partial (n = 4) or complete (n = 3) rupture was noted in seven cases. Two cases had ureterovaginal fistula. All the cases were initially confirmed with antegrade pyelography and afterwards they underwent percutaneous nephrostomy. Balloon dilatation was needed in three cases. Antegrade DJ stents were placed in 10 cases, including the three cases with balloon dilatation. Repetititon of percutaneous nephrostomy with balloon dilatation and DJ stent placement was needed in one case with complete obstruction. All the cases were followed-up with US in their first week and then monthly thereafter for up to two years. RESULTS: Eighteen ureters (75%) were managed by percutaneous procedures alone. A total of six ureter injuries had to undergo surgery (25%). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous management is a good alternative for the treatment of post-CS ureteral injuries that are diagnosed late after CS. Percutaneous management is at least preparatory for a quarter of the cases where surgery is unavoidable.     

多层螺旋CT血管成像在椎基底动脉供血不足病因诊断中的应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)在诊断椎-基底动脉供血不足中的临床价值。方法对临床确诊VBI患者32例,进行颅脑CTA、颈部血管彩超、经颅多普勒超声(TCD)检查。结果VBI患者TCD检查阳性率为68.8%,颈部血管彩超阳性率为56.3%,颅脑CTA阳性率为90.6%。结论在VBI诊断方面,CTA检查较颈部血管彩超、TCD检查有明显的优势,提示CTA可以作为诊断VBI的首选方法之一,值得临床推广。     

血脂、颈动脉粥样硬化与缺血性脑血管病的关系

目的：探讨血脂、颈动脉粥样硬化与缺血性脑血管病的关系。方法：2001年6月-2004年12月在佛山市第一人民医院诊治的缺血性脑血管病患者为病例组，共1583例，其中男性902例（57．0％），女性681例（43．0％），年龄38～89岁，平均（60．02±10．35）岁；同时期保健科随机选取的400名健康体检人群作为对照组。将动脉粥样硬化斑块分为稳定型和不稳定型。记录血脂和颈动脉粥样硬化情况并进行对比分析。结果：Logistic回归分析表明，颈动脉斑块与年龄、高血压史和胆固醇水平有显著相关性。有高血压、糖尿病、血浆低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）水平增高和吸烟史的患者，颈动脉狭窄发生率显著增高。病例组总胆固醇、三酰甘油和LDL-C与对照组有显著差异。缺血性脑血管病患者颈动脉粥样硬化发生率显著高于普通人群。结论：血脂异常和颈动脉粥样硬化是缺血性脑血管病的重要因素。     

扩大经蝶窦入路颈内动脉海绵窦段显微镜、内镜下的解剖学研究

目的研究扩大经蝶窦入路颈内动脉海绵窦段的显微镜及内镜下的解剖特点。方法在10具动静脉灌注染料的成人新鲜尸头上模拟扩大经蝶窦手术入路，在显微镜及内镜下观察颈内动脉海绵窦段的走行特点，及颈内动脉海绵窦段与垂体的关系，测量双侧颈内动脉海绵窦段在不同水平的距离。结果颈内动脉海绵窦段分为5段，有3个动脉分支，其在蝶窦外侧壁上形成颈内动脉隆突，与视神经隆突形成视神经-颈动脉凹陷，是内镜手术中确定中线的标志。颈内动脉前曲段的内侧缘距垂体中线的距离为（11．94±1．90）mm（9．02～14．86mm），后曲段的内侧缘距垂体中线的平均距离为（7．96±2．07）mm（5．64～11．58mm）。结论颈内动脉海绵窦段是扩大经蝶窦手术入路中最重要的解剖结构。内镜下扩大经蝶窦手术可清晰显示海绵窦内的颈内动脉及其分支血管和神经等重要的组织结构，是处理由鞍内侵犯海绵窦内侧壁病变的良好手术方式。