持续封闭负压引流结合三棱针多点打孔对蝮蛇咬伤的治疗效果观察

目的：观察腹蛇咬伤后咬伤部位早期持续封闭负压引流（VSD）结合三棱针打孔法治疗的效果.方法：根据患者中毒时间、病情严重程度采用配伍设计,选取2012年7-8月份我院接诊手部腹蛇咬伤肿胀患者40例,随机分为A组（切开引流组,10例,在咬伤部位行＂＋＂字形切开至皮下层）、B组（切开引流＋VSD组,10例,伤口＂＋＂字形切开,然后行持续VSD）、C组（单纯三棱针打孔组,10例,在咬伤伤口周围用三棱针多点打孔20～30个）和D组（三棱针打孔＋VSD组,10例,在咬伤伤口周围用三棱针多点打孔20～30个,然后行持续VSD）.入院后同时给予抗腹蛇毒血清、抗感染及中医中药等治疗.观察患者患肢肿胀消退时间、伤口部位感染、脓肿、坏死发生率及住院时间.结果：①各组间患肢肿胀消退时间差异显著,D组明显低于A、B、C组[（2.1±1.5）d比（5.0±2.7）d,（3.4±1.7）d,（3.1±3.0）d;P〈0.05];②B、D组无一例出现伤口部位感染、脓肿形成及坏死,与A、C组（20%和40%）比较差异显著（P〈0.05）.③各组间伤口愈合时间及住院时间差异显著,D组均明显低于A、B、C组[（3.5±1.5）d比（7.5±2.5）d,（5.3±1.3）d,（4.7±1.3）d; P〈0.05].结论：腹蛇咬伤后咬伤部位早期三棱针打孔法结合持续VSD可显著缩短患者患肢肿胀消退时间及住院时间.     

三种创面处理方法治疗胫腓骨骨折合并骨筋膜室综合征临床疗效分析

目的探讨切开复位内固定结合传统敞开引流无菌敷料敷盖、DR脱细胞异种(猪)皮和持续负压封闭引流技术(VSD)3种创面处理技术治疗胫腓骨骨折合并骨筋膜室综合征的疗效。方法 67例胫腓骨骨折合并骨筋膜室综合征,早期均行切开减张术和内固定术,分别以传统敞开引流无菌敷料覆盖(A组,n=35)、DR脱细胞异种(猪)皮覆盖(B组,n=13)、VSD持续吸引(C组,n=19)处理至创面肉芽组织生长良好后,二期行游离植皮术。结果 C组创面修复及骨折愈合良好,且骨筋膜室综合征得到控制;在换药次数、术后3 d伤口渗出量、减轻小腿肿胀程度、疼痛、伤口感染率、住院时间、二期创面修复时间方面,B、C组均优于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论切开复位内固定结合VSD技术治疗胫腓骨骨折合并骨筋膜室综合征可缩短治疗时间,降低感染率和渗出量,减轻肿胀和疼痛。尽管DR脱细胞异种(猪)皮不及VSD技术优势明显,但是其价格低廉,适用于基层医院的推广。     

封闭负压引流技术结合组织瓣移植治疗胫腓骨严重开放性骨折

目的探讨封闭负压引流技术结合组织瓣移植,治疗胫腓骨严重开放性骨折的临床疗效。方法自2009年8月至2012年8月,对21例严重胫腓骨开放性骨折,行一期清创,骨折采用外固定架固定,应用封闭负压引流技术结合组织瓣移植治疗。结果术后随访10~36个月,所有患者骨折愈合良好,均无骨髓炎发生,功能恢复满意。结论封闭负压引流技术能改善创面软组织条件,结合组织瓣移植修复,是治疗胫腓骨严重开放性损伤的有效方法。     

The application of TachoSil® for sealing colorectal anastomosis: a feasibility study

Aim Anastomotic leakage is a frequent postoperative complication of colorectal resection. This nonrandomized study assessed the feasibility and safety of applying a haemostatic tissue sealant (TachoSil®) to colorectal anastomoses following resection. Method TachoSil was applied as reinforcement of the anastomotic line after laparoscopic or open colorectal resection. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients for whom TachoSil application was considered feasible by both the investigator and an independent external assessor. Application was considered feasible if TachoSil fully adhered, covered ≥ 1 cm beyond the margin of the anastomotic line and patches overlapped by ≥ 1 cm. Individual investigator assessment of feasibility and adverse events 30 days after surgery were also recorded. Results Twenty‐five patients underwent anterior resection (seven open lower, nine open middle‐upper, four laparoscopic lower and five laparoscopic middle‐upper). In six cases a video‐recording was not available because of technical problems. The primary endpoint was met in 12 of the remaining 19 patients (63%; 95% CI 38–84%), while in the other seven the application was recorded as not feasible because the assessor was unable to see the entire anastomosis. No application was assessed as unfeasible on the basis of visual evidence. When assessed by the investigator alone, TachoSil was considered feasible in all but one instance (96%; 95% CI 80–100%). There were 45 adverse events, of which 10 were serious. None was considered related to TachoSil. No deaths were reported. Conclusion Application of TachoSil to reinforce the anastomotic line in colorectal resections appears to be feasible and well tolerated.     

外固定支架联合负压封闭引流技术治疗开放性骨盆骨折合并会阴撕裂感染的疗效观察

目的：外固定支架联合负压封闭引流技术治疗开放性骨盆骨折合并会阴撕裂感染的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析本院于2007年1月至2012年12月收治的68例开放性骨盆骨折合并会阴撕裂感染患者的临床资料,将其中32例接受外固定支架联合VSD技术治疗的患者作为VSD组,36例接受传统换药与外固定支架治疗的患者作为对照组。对比分析两组的临床疗效。结果 VSD组患者体温高于正常的时间、创面愈合的时间显著短于对照组患者（t =6.000、6.769,P ＜0.05）,两组患者骨折愈合的时间差异无统计学意义（t =1.276,P ＞0.05）;VSD组患者治疗1周后WBC、N%、ALT、AST和Ccr的水平显著低于对照组（t =8.239、5.474、2.679、3.092、4.697,P ＜0.05）;VSD组与对照组患者骨折愈合后Majeed评分差异无统计学意义（Z =0.524,P ＞0.05）。结论在开放性骨盆骨折合并会阴撕裂感染治疗中,使用外固定支架固定联合VSD技术能够使得患者的感染得到有效的控制,创面与骨折部较好地愈合,值得推广。     

Role of different negative pressure values in the process of infected wounds treated by vacuum‐assisted closure: an experimental study

Vacuum‐assisted closure (VAC) device is widely used to treat infected wounds in clinical work. Although the effect of VAC with different negative pressure values is well established, whether different negative pressures could result in varying modulation of wound relative cytokines was not clear. We hypothesise that instead of the highest negative pressure value the suitable value for VAC is the one which is the most effective on regulating wound relative cytokines. Infected wounds created on pigs' back were used to investigate the effects of varying negative pressure values of VAC devices. Wounds were treated with VAC of different negative pressure values or moist gauze, which was set as control. The VAC foam, semiocclusive dresses and moist gauze were changed on days 3, 5, 7 and 9 after wounds were created. When changing dressings, tissues from wounds were harvested for bacteria count and histology examination including Masson's trichrome stain and immunohistochemistry for microvessels. Western blot was carried out to test the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Results showed that on days 3 and 5 the number of bacteria in wounds treated by VAC with 75, 150, 225 and 300 mmHg was significantly decreased compared with that in wounds treated by gauze and 0 mmHg pressure value. However, there was no difference in wounds treated with negative pressure values of 75 , 150, 225 and 300 mmHg at any time spot. Immunohistochemistry showed that more microvessels were generated in wounds treated by VAC using 75 and 150 mmHg negative pressure comparing with that using 225 and 300 mmHg on days 3 and 5. However this difference vanished on days 7 and 9. Morphological evaluation by Masson's trichrome staining showed increased collagen deposition in VAC of 75 and 150 mmHg compared with that in VAC of 225 and 300 mmHg. Western blot showed that the expression of VEGF and bFGF significantly increased when the wounds treated with 75 and 150 mmHg negative pressure values compared with the wounds treated with 225 and 300 mmHg on day 5. Treatment using VAC with different negative pressure values more than 75 mmHg has similar efficiency on reducing bacteria in the infected wound. VAC with negative pressure values of 75 and 150 mmHg promote wound healing more quickly than other pressure values. Moreover, comparing with vigorous negative pressure, relatively moderate pressures contribute to wound healing via accelerated granulation growth, increased angiogenic factor production and improved collagen fibre deposition. Further study of this model may show other molecular mechanisms.     

负压封闭引流治疗深度烧伤创面及对炎性因子、致痛因子的影响

目的研究负压封闭引流(VSD)治疗深度烧伤创面(DBW)及对血清炎性因子、致痛因子的影响。方法 2015年1月—2017年12月内江市第一人民医院治疗DBW患者106例,其中男性69例,女性37例;年龄25～59岁,平均44. 5岁;受伤至入院时间0. 5～13d,平均5. 65d。致伤原因:火烧伤75例,热液烧伤31例。按照治疗方法分为VSD组(n=53)和对照组(n=53),VSD组行VSD+游离植皮治疗,对照组行常规清创换药+游离植皮治疗。治疗7d后观察两组创面愈合率及视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)、创面完全愈合时间、住院时间、住院费用,治疗前及治疗后7d血清超敏C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-8(IL-8)、补体C3a等炎性因子及血清5-羟色胺(5-HT)、脑内神经肽(NPY)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)等致痛因子水平。结果治疗后7d VSD组创面愈合率大于对照组[(80. 86±9. 12)%vs.(69. 58±7. 30)%],疼痛评分、创面完全愈合时间、住院时间及住院费用均少于对照组[(2. 78±0. 29)分vs.(5. 79±0. 62)分,(19. 26±2. 04) d vs.(25. 74±2. 65) d,(23. 63±2. 44) d vs.(30. 51±3. 19) d,(3. 29±0. 35)万元vs.(3. 92±0. 41)万元](P <0. 05)]。治疗后7d,VSD组血清CRP、TNF-α、IL-8、补体C3a及5-HT、NPY、PGE2水平均低于对照组[(8. 92±9. 93) mg/L vs.(18. 87±1. 96) mg/L,(35. 74±3. 61)μg/L vs.(67. 94±6. 88)μg/L,(32. 92±4. 37)μg/L vs.(60. 76±6. 19)μg/L,(13. 52±1. 50)μg/L vs.(16. 77±1. 72)μg/L,(109. 92±10. 16) ng/L vs.(143. 97±15. 22) ng/L,(112. 86±11. 41)μg/L vs.(154. 37±16. 03)μg/L,(121. 33±12. 42) pg/m L vs.(186. 93±18. 72) pg/m L,P <0. 05)]。结论 VSD可促进DBW愈合,降低炎性因子及致痛因子水平,患者康复快。     

附带负压吸引材料的外固定钢板在四肢开放性骨折中的应用

目的探讨附带负压吸引材料的外固定钢板在四肢开放性骨折中的应用。方法 2013年12月—2016年12月铜川市人民医院治疗四肢开放性骨折患者100例,男性69例,女性31例;年龄21～61岁,平均38. 8岁;道路交通伤53例,碾压伤37例,高处坠落伤10例。依据治疗方法分为A组和B组,每组50例。A组给予常规外固定架联合负压封闭引流技术(VSD)治疗,B组给予附带负压吸引材料的外固定钢板治疗。比较分析两组换药次数、创面感染发生率、创面愈合时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、愈合优良率以及患者疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)。结果 B组换药次数[(2. 05±0. 61)次vs.(6. 46±1. 68)次]、创面感染发生率(6. 00%vs. 24. 00%)和创面愈合时间[(17. 42±2. 48) d vs.(26. 15±3. 05) d]、住院时间[(21. 75±2. 79) d vs.(28. 45±3. 48) d]、骨折愈合时间[(5. 98±0. 63)个月vs.(6. 74±0. 75)个月]明显低于A组,B组愈合优良率(96. 00%vs. 80. 00%)明显高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05); A组和B组治疗后VAS评分[(1. 85±0. 35)分、(1. 02±0. 24)分]明显低于治疗前[(4. 62±0. 51)分、(4. 65±0. 53)分],但B组治疗后VAS评分明显低于A组,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论附带负压吸引材料的外固定钢板治疗四肢开放性骨折可有效减少创面感染的发生,有利于缓解疼痛症状及提高创面、骨折愈合效果,值得临床进一步推广。     

负压治疗联合盆底肌训练对前列腺癌根治术后患者控尿功能及性功能的影响

目的探讨负压治疗联合盆底肌训练对前列腺癌根治术后患者控尿功能及主观幸福感的影响。 方法将中山大学附属第三医院2016年10月至2019年4月泌尿外科确诊为前列腺癌并行腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术治疗的70例患者,按随机数字表法分为干预组和对照组各35例,其中对照组35例采用常规护理（盆底肌功能锻炼）,干预组35例在常规护理基础上,术后6周起再增加负压治疗。比较对照组和干预组术后6周、10周、18周控尿功能恢复情况,同时进行国际勃起功能评分表（IIEF-5）评分及主观幸福感调查,观察其治疗效果。 结果干预组术后6周、10周、18周尿失禁评分中位值分别2分、1分与0分,低于对照组的2分、2分与2分,提示干预组术后平均控尿功能恢复时间较对照组短,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;此外干预组相比对照组,IIEF-5评分及主观幸福感评分上升速度较快,提示干预组术后勃起功能和生活质量改善情况明显优于对照组。 结论负压治疗联合盆底肌训练对前列腺癌根治术后患者的控尿功能和性功能有明显改善,且缩短其恢复时间。     

应用负压封闭引流技术预防腹部手术部位感染

手术部位感染(surgical site infection,SSI)是腹部外科手术后常见的并发症,尽管有系统的预防手术部位感染的措施,但是,患者本身具有的易感因素或者某些手术操作依然会导致很高的切口感染率。负压封闭引流(vacuum sealing drainage,VSD)技术最初是应用于各种急慢性伤口,并被证实可以促进伤口的愈合。近几年,VSD逐渐应用于外科手术后的一期缝合切口以及预防高感染风险患者术后出现的切口并发症。本文介绍了腹部手术部位感染的流行病学、危险因素和预防措施,以及VSD技术运用于腹部外科手术后一期缝合切口的进展,并展望了VSD技术的发展前景。