非诺贝特单独治疗引起横纹肌溶解症临床分析(附3例报告)

目的探讨非诺贝特单独治疗引起横纹肌溶解症的临床特点.方法对单独应用非诺贝特致横纹肌溶解症的3例患者,分析其临床特点、诊治过程及预后.结果3例非诺贝特致横纹肌溶解症中,2例慢性肾功能不全,1例甲状腺功能减低.1例服微粒化非诺贝特400mg/d,另2例服非诺贝特300mg/d.开始服药到出现肌痛时间为12～118h.主要症状为肌肉酸痛,无力;1例表现为软瘫;均累及四肢肌肉,以近端肌肉受累为主,血肌酸激酶均明显升高.3例均出现血肌酐升高.将高峰血肌酐值与基值比较,发现血肌酐升高倍数与服用非诺贝特总剂量有一定正相关性.3例血肌酐在停用调脂药、水化治疗后均有一定程度下降,其中2例慢性肾功能不全患者停用调脂药时间较晚,肾功能明显恶化,虽经适当治疗,但血肌酐仍下降不明显.结论非诺贝特单独治疗可致横纹肌溶解症,对慢性肾功能不全和甲状腺功能减低患者更应慎重.     

Rhabdomyolysis and severe muscular weakness in a traveler diagnosed with Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus infection

Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus (AHFV) is a tick-borne flavivirus with high case fatality rates, endemic in the Arabian Peninsula. Recently AHFV was detected in travelers returning from Egypt suggesting geographical spreading. We also report AHFV infection in a traveler ex Egypt, representing atypical symptoms of rhabdomyolysis and severe muscular weakness.     

Serum cystatin C versus serum creatinine in the estimation of glomerular filtration rate in rhabdomyolysis

Cystatin C has emerged as a possible, usable surrogate marker of renal function. We present a case that illustrates the clinical utility of cystatin C in the setting of acute kidney injury secondary to rhabdomyolysis. An African American male whose baseline cystatin C and serum creatinine levels taken a month prior to admission were compared against their daily values during his admission and at follow up. On admission, the patient's reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from baseline was much less when calculated with cystatin C than with serum creatinine. His clinical recovery was more reflective of the higher GFR with cystatin C than what would be assumed with his serum creatinine, which at its worst was 5 ml/min/1.73 m(2). The patient was eventually discharged from the hospital with a GFR of 40 ml/min by cystatin C despite his GFR by the MDRD equation being 12. Cystatin C may be a more accurate marker of the both the amount of injury and the rate of resolution of acute kidney injury than serum creatinine in rhabdomyolysis.     

癫持续状态所致横纹肌溶解症时肾功能障碍的临床研究

目的研究癫持续状态(SE)不同类型发生肾功能障碍与发作持续时间、血清尿酸(UA)及横纹肌溶解(RM)的关系。方法本文44例病例,共45次癫持续状态,分析其发作类型、持续时间、以及发作期间至停止24h内首次采集的血清肌酐、血清尿酸值之间的关系;分析肾功能障碍病例的血清肌酸激酶、血/尿肌红蛋白水平。结果 45次癫持续状态分为两组,即全身性惊厥持续状态组(A组)35次,复杂部分性持续状态组(B组)10次。全身性惊厥持续状态组持续1h以内者9次,1h以上者26次;部分性持续状态组持续1h以内者2次,1h以上者8次。两组比较无统计学差异(P=1.000)。A组平均血清肌酐为83.9±48.3μmol/L,B组为63.7±25.0μmol/L,两组比较无统计学差异(P=0.087)。A组平均血清尿酸为417.6±276.3μmol/L,B组为300.6±80.7μmol/L,两组比较有统计学差异(P=0.033)。4例出现肾功能障碍,1例诊断横纹肌溶解(RM),1例可能的横纹肌溶解(RM),2例无RM依据。其中3例伴高尿酸血症。结论癫持续状态的不同类型即全身惊厥性持续状态、部分性持续状态以及不同持续时间(持续时间在1h以内或1h以上)对肾功能的影响无统计学差别。但肾功能障碍均发生在全身性惊厥持续状态,横纹肌溶解可能是其重要原因。全身惊厥性持续状态较部分性持续状态可能更易出现高尿酸血症。     

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infected gluteal compartment syndrome with rhabdomyolysis in a bodybuilder

Gluteal compartment syndrome(GCS) is a rare condition. We present a case of gluteal muscle strain with hematoma formation, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) superinfection, leading to acute GCS, rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury. This combination of diagnoses has not been reported in the literature. A 36-year-old Caucasian male presented with buttock pain, swelling and fever after lifting weights. Gluteal compartment pressure was markedly elevated compared with the contralateral side. Investigations revealed elevated white blood cell, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, creatine kinase, creatinine and lactic acid. Urinalysis was consistent with myoglobinuria. Magnetic resonance imaging showed increased T2 signal in the gluteus maximus and a central hematoma. Cultures taken from the emergency debridement and fasciotomy revealed MRSA. He had repeat, debridement 2 d later, and delayed primary closure 3 d after. GCS is rare and must be suspected when patients present with pain and swelling after an inciting event. They are easily diagnosed with compartment pressure monitoring. The treatment of gluteal abscess and compartment syndrome is the same and involves rapid surgical debridement.     

儿童横纹肌溶解症29例临床分析

目的 总结儿童横纹肌溶解症（rhabdomyolysis,RM）的诱因与病例特点,并探讨儿童RM血液净化治疗与常规水化碱化治疗之间的差异.方法 回顾性分析2010年2月至2012年10月北京儿童医院儿童重症监护病房收治的29例RM患儿的临床特点、发病诱因、实验室检查及并发症特点;分析血液净化与水化碱化治疗效果之间的差异.结果 儿童RM的临床特点较不典型.诱发RM的原发病中,最常见为感染性疾病（55.2％,16/29）,其他为先天性及遗传代谢性疾病（17.2％,5/29）,药物因素3例,中毒、糖尿病酮症、电击、剧烈运动、原因不明各1例.实验室检查血清肌酸激酶（creatine kinase,CK）明显升高,伴随电解质紊乱,以低钙、低钾、低磷为主.16例患儿（55.2％,16/29）发生急性肾损伤（acute kidney injury,AKI）.AKI组CK值明显高于13例无AKI组[（54 106±57 542） IU/L vs（16 507±13 284） IU/L,P=0.002].血液净化组（6例）CK清除速度更快,CK降低50％耗时血液净化组明显短于水化碱化组（11例）[2.0（1.5～2.5） dvs3.5（2.0～5.0）d,P=0.015];CK降至2000 IU/L以下耗时血液净化组短于水化碱化组,但差异无统计学意义[4.0（3.5 ～9.0）d vs 8.0（6.0～ 12.0）d,P=0.062].结论 儿童RM病因以感染性疾病为主;AKI和电解质紊乱为常见并发症;血液净化治疗较水化碱化治疗CK下降速度更快.     

1例SLCO1B1*5等位基因携带者服用辛伐他汀致横纹肌溶解症的案例分析

目的：探求他汀类相关肌病发生特点及易感因素。方法：报告1例服用辛伐他汀导致横纹肌溶解症,并对患者进行SLCO1B1基因型检测。结果：高龄、性别、肾功能不全、联合用药及携带SLCO1B1*5等位基因可能为该患者发生横纹肌溶解症的主要原因。结论：他汀类药物应采取个体化用药,肌病高危患者宜采取低剂量,并严密监测,通过基因检测可对患者进行风险筛查。     

维库溴铵致横纹肌溶解1例分析

1例61岁男性因手术给予"维库溴铵、舒芬太尼、依托咪酯、右美托咪定、七氟烷、丙泊酚"后第2天出现肌酸激酶升高.后因病情加重转入ICU,给予"维库溴铵20 mg+0.9％氯化钠注射液50 mL微量泵泵入"7 d后,患者尿量减少、呈棕色,实验室检查肌酸激酶最高可至18358 U·L-1,肌红蛋白>3000 ng·L-1,诊...     

重叠综合征并发横纹肌溶解症一例

74岁女性患者,手足及口周部位皮肤变硬2个月余,伴乏力、酱油色尿1个月。血清肌酸激酶4 242 U/L,肌红蛋白1 124 ng/ml。诊断为重叠综合征并发横纹肌溶解症。经甲泼尼龙80 mg每日1次、甲氨蝶呤15 mg每周1次治疗,效果不理想,转入肾病内科行血液净化治疗。血清肌红蛋白恢复正常后,继续口服甲泼尼龙40 mg每日1次,定期复诊并缓慢减量。目前甲泼尼龙减量至16 mg/d,己持续治疗1年,血清肌酸激酶及肌红蛋白均在正常范围。