The hereditary spastic paraplegias

The hereditary spastic paraplegias are a complex group of neurodegenerative conditions which are characterised by slowly progressive lower limb spasticity. This article describes the main clinical features of pure and complicated hereditary spastic paraplegias and summarises recent advances in our understanding of the molecular genetics of these conditions. Received: 2 June 1999 Accepted: 7 August 1999     

Genetic manipulation of mammary epithelium by transplantation

Genes can be introduced into mammary epitheliumin vivo by the tissue reconstitution method. Primary cultures of mammary epithelial cells are prepared, a gene introduced using retrovirus vectors, and the cells transplanted into a mammary fat pad from which the normal epithelium has been removed. The cells reform an epithelium in which some cells express the introduced gene. The technique is reviewed and compared with the mammary-specific expression of genes in transgenic mice. To model the development of neoplasia, particularly the preneoplastic changes caused by a single oncogene alone, several oncogenes have been expressed this way—myc, Ha-ras, erbB, erbB2,Wnt-1, andhst/FGF-4. Each caused a different alteration to the growth pattern of the epithelium, such as altered branching, premature alveolus development, distorted duct structure, or altered hormone sensitivity. Insights into normal development have also been obtained by inappropriate expression of genes such asWnt-4.     

针刺的中枢调节机制研究进展

针刺作为一种有效的辅助治疗手段已被广泛应用于临床。近年来对针刺的镇痛作用及对功能性疾病的调节作用研究颇多 ,除应用传统电生理学方法外 ,还采用了分子生物学、免疫组织化学、脑功能成像等先进的技术来探讨针刺对脑的经典神经递质、神经激素、神经元代谢等的影响 ,为针刺的中枢调节机制提供了理论基础。本文主要就针刺的中枢作用及方法学等方面加以讨论     

针刺对大脑功能的影响

本文综述了近10年应用电生理和影像方法研究针刺与大脑功能的文献，认为观察结果的多样性说明了针刺治疗的双向性。在今后的研究中，应综合运用多种方法，以准确阐明大脑在针刺后的时空变化。     

针灸治疗胆汁返流性胃炎近况

系统回顾及总结了近几年来有关针灸治疗胆汁返流性胃炎(BRG)的文献，认为针灸防治BRG具有肯定的临床疗效和优势，并为进一步探索提供思路。     

神经肽对针灸免疫调节影响的研究进展

本文综述了阿片样肽9脑啡肽，内啡肽，强啡肽），P物质等神经肽类物质对针灸免疫调节作用的影响。神经肽在针灸免疫调节中的作用机制。提出今后应深入研究神经肽对于神经，内分泌，免疫等系统之间的相互作用。     

针灸对胰岛素抵抗影响研究的概况

本文系统回顾了近年来胰岛素抵抗的针灸治疗的研究概况。发现针灸在调节高血压、糖尿病、中风、肥胖症等的胰岛素抵抗方面有显著的疗效．对于胰岛素抵抗可致的各方面的病理生理改变均有不同程度改善。     

头颈部放射治疗对味觉的损害

放射线治疗是恶性肿瘤的常用治疗手段之一。头颈部放射治疗常引起局部疼痛、口干、味觉障碍等一系列并发症，可不同程度地影响到病人的生活质量以及对治疗的耐受性。近年来，对头颈部放射治疗并发症的研究已引起临床重视。灵敏的味觉是维持良好生活质量的重要条件之一。味觉障碍既是一种客观症状，也是一种主观感受，它不仅直接抑制病人的食欲，导致营养缺失，更可加重其身心负担。本文对头颈部放疗引起味觉损害的相关研究作一综述，侧重介绍味觉损害的发生机制、临床表现、治疗及预防等方面的新进展。     

针灸治疗青光眼概况

综述了针灸治疗青光眼的临床和实验研究进展。临床研究以体针为主，其次还有耳针、灸法、梅花针及挑刺疗法。体针或取单穴观察，或循经取穴、辨证取穴、针药联合、毫针放液或手术联合针刺治疗等。实验研究以观察家兔实验性高眼压眼压变化及血流变为主。临床和实验研究均证实针灸治疗青光眼疗效确切，尤其对开角型青光眼疗效较好，各证型间无显著差异，取穴以经而论以足太阳膀胱经、足少阳胆经、足厥阴肝经为最多；以穴而论取远端穴行间较局部穴睛明为多。     

Treatment of vascular dementia by acupuncture: A review

Related to treatment of senile dementia, 53 articles conformed the statistical demand were analyzed, finding commonly used methods are acupuncture, moxibustion, acupoint-injection, electro-acupuncture, ocular-acupuncture, scalp-acupuncture, digital-acupuncture and acupuncture plus other therapies, key treatment principle is opening orifice and invigorating brain, frequent selected acupoints are Baihui (GV 20), Zusanli (ST 36), Fengchi (GB 20), Fenglong (ST 40), Neiguan (PC 6), Shuigou (GV 26), etc; and the total effective rate is 89.62%. Author: HUANG Qin-feng (1951-), female, associate professor