呋咱氮氧化物偶联的双氯芬酸衍生物的药理活性筛选

目的 考察呋咱氮氧化物偶联的双氯芬酸衍生物的抗炎活性与胃肠道副作用的关系以及其NO的释放情况。方法 采用小鼠耳二甲苯致炎和角叉菜胶致大鼠足跖肿胀两种实验模型对系列化合物进行了抗炎活性初步筛选,并对抗炎活性较好的化合物进行了胃肠道副作用的观察及NO体内外释放量的测定。结果 抗炎活性较好的化合物其胃肠道副作用明显轻于双氯芬酸,也轻于已知的非甾体抗炎药,且3h体内均有明显的NO释放。结论 NO的引入能有效对抗非甾体抗炎药所致的胃肠道副作用。     

E838等5种辐射防护药对放烧复合伤防治作用的实验观察

目的 比较研究E838、WR-2721茜草、盐酸胱胺和炔雌醇等5种辐射防护药对放射损伤和放烧复合伤的防治作用及其相互间的协同作用。方法 采用小鼠腹腔注射、灌胃的方法在致伤前/或和致伤后按常用量给药,观察30d存活率,死亡动物平均存活日和保护系数K的差异。结果 （1）致伤前预防给药,5种药物均明显提高了放射损伤和放烧复合伤的存活率,并延长了死亡动物的平均存活日,其中以E838和WR-2721效果最佳;（2）致伤后给药则仅E838和茜草显示了治疗效果;（3）联合用药实验显示所研究的5种配伍用药方式均有较好的防治效果。但以WR-2721 E838治效果最好。结论 E838和WR-2721与其它辐射防护药相比具有较理想的辐射防护作用,且E838还有一定的治疗作用。两者合理配伍可发挥协同治疗作用。     

丙肝宁对动物实验性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 研究中药复方丙肝宁的保肝作用。方法 采用Ｄ－Ｇａｌ造成大鼠的急性肝损伤模型和ＣＣＩ４所致慢性肝损伤模型。结果 丙肝宁２个剂量组对Ｄ－Ｇａｌ造成大鼠的急性肝损僵模型和ＣＣＩ４所致慢性肝损伤模型的血清酶活性均具有明显的抑制作用（Ｐ〈０．０５,Ｐ〈０．０１）,病理检查结果表明,丙肝宁２个剂量组对Ｄ－Ｇａｌ造成大鼠的急性肝损伤模型和ＣＣＩ４所致慢笥肝损伤模型的肝脏病理形态的改变具有明显的改善作用。结     

血细胞计数仪与手工HiCN法测定血红蛋白结果比较

目的 :探讨仪器测定 H b结果与手工法测定 H b结果是否存在差异。方法 :采用血细胞计数仪与手工 Hi CN法分别对随机人群、健康人群、贫血病人同时进行 H b测定。结果 :两法测定 H b结果存在显著性差异 ,贫血病人组差异尤为显著 ,P<0 .0 1。结论 :血细胞计数仪测定 Hb结果稳定 ,但两法结果存在差异 ,不可忽视。     

The acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen self-testing: A cross-sectional study in China

Compared with the nucleic acid amplification test (NATT), the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapid antigen self-testing (RAST) has advantages in speed and convenience. However, little is known about people's acceptance and influencing factors for SARS-CoV-2 RAST. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 21 to 30, 2022 in China. The χ² test and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify the influencing factors. The structural equation model was used to test the extended protective motivation theory (PMT) model hypotheses. Among the total of 5107 participants, 62.5% were willing to accept the SARS-CoV-2 RAST. There were significant differences in acceptance among different residences (p < 0.001), educational level (p < 0.001), occupation (p < 0.001), monthly income (p < 0.001), travel frequency (p < 0.05), and feelings about NATT (p < 0.001). Response efficacy (β = 0.05; p = 0.025) and self-efficacy (β = 0.84; p < 0.001) had a positive effect, while response cost showed a negative effect (β = −0.07; p < 0.001). The public's major concerns about SARS-CoV-2 RAST are its reliability, testing method, price, and authority. Overall, a moderate intention to use SARS-CoV-2 RAST was found among the Chinese population. The extended PMT can be used for the prediction of intention to accept the RAST. We need to take measures to increase people's acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 RAST.     

茜草多糖对肾缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 :观察茜草多糖对肾缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法 :通过建立大鼠急性肾缺血再灌注损伤模型 ,测定了茜草多糖对肾缺血再灌注后 ,MDA、SOD以及肾组织中Na ,K ATP酶及Ca2 ATP酶活性的变化。结果 :使用茜草多糖后 ,与对照组比较MDA明显降低。SOD、Na 、K ATP酶及Ca2 ATP酶的活性显著上升。结论 :茜草多糖对急性肾缺血再灌注损伤肾脏有显著的保护作用。     

An audit of the use of manual handling equipment and their microbiological flora--implications for infection control

A review of the use of manual handling aids in two hospitals found equipment was employed on a multi-patient basis with inadequate cleaning. Sampling with a Casella slit sampler demonstrated frequent contamination by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile of fabric aids. Recommendations for care of equipment are made.     

The influence of personal protection, environmental hygiene and exposure to pesticides on the health of immigrant farm workers in a desert country

Farm workers in developing countries tend not to use protective measures while handling pesticides. This study investigates the use of personal protection equipment and the practice of safety and hygiene procedures in the handling of pesticides in agriculture. Methods: Through a multi-stage sampling technique, one-fifth of the farms in a region were selected and all the farm workers at these farms were included in the study. A comparison population matching in age, socio-economic status and stay in the region was selected. A specifically designed questionnaire was used to collect information on the use of protective measures and the practice of safety and hygiene during work and on the disposal of empty pesticide containers. Blood pressure and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were measured in the exposed and the unexposed populations. Results: Protective equipment was worn by a minority of farm workers – gloves, by 35%; work coveralls, by 36%; a scarf to cover the nose and mouth, by 39%; and shoes at work, by 79%. With regard to personal hygiene measures, 83% of the workers changed clothes after work and the same proportion took a shower after work; 63% and 46% drank and ate while at work respectively; and 11% used articles of domestic use in the preparation of pesticides on the farm. Most of the farm workers (96%) were asked to prepare pesticides for spraying by the foreman and 61% were asked to spray the pesticides on the crops. AChE activity was highly significantly depleted in the exposed population as compared with the unexposed population. Conclusions: AChE depletion was found to be negatively associated with the use of gloves, of work coveralls, and of a scarf to cover the nose and mouth and with the implementation of safety and hygiene procedures on the farm. AChE depletion was positively associated with the frequency of pesticide spraying. Received: 30 January 1998 / Accepted: 19 August 1998     

国内外3种乙脑疫苗在小鼠体内的保护力试验比较

比较乙型脑炎（ＪＥ）ＳＡ１４１４２减毒活疫苗、地鼠肾细胞灭活疫苗（ＨＫＶ）和鼠脑纯化疫苗（ＭＢＶ）在小鼠体内的免疫保护效果。采用免疫后以Ｐ３株和中山株（Ｎａｋ）腹腔或脑内攻击的方法。结果表明乙脑ＳＡ１４１４２减毒活疫苗免疫１次对２株乙脑病毒的腹腔攻击均有１００％保护,对脑内攻击亦有较好的保护（４０％～８０％）,而２种灭活疫苗仅对腹腔有一定的保护（４０％～８０％）,对脑内几乎无保护。３种疫苗均可诱生中和抗体（ＮＡ）,活疫苗与ＭＢＶ的抗体水平无明显差异,但保护力活疫苗明显高于ＭＢＶ。ＭＢＶ虽较ＨＫＶ诱生的中和抗体高,但保护力却不比ＨＫＶ高。因此结果表明中和抗体与保护力并无绝对的相关关系,活疫苗具有诱生体液和细胞免疫的全面免疫,而死疫苗则无有     

Exposure to soluble barium compounds: an interventional study in arc welders

Summary Soluble barium (Ba) compounds are well-known toxicants. Intoxications are mainly known in an acute form from casual or suicidal oral ingestion. No scientifically based data are available on possible health effects of inhalative exposure to soluble Ba salts at the workplace. Therefore, we investigated 18 welders in an interventional study over 1 week. They performed welding of Ba-containing stick electrodes and self-shielded flux cored wires under conditions similar to real working conditions. The welding fumes contained 31%–37% Ba, more than 90% of which was soluble in acids. Without appropriate preventive measures, a high rate of measurements exceeded the TLV values for total welding fumes of 5 mg/m³ and for soluble Ba of 0.5 mg/m³. The median fume concentrations were 13.2 mg/m³ in stick electrode welding and 12.3 mg/m³ in flux cored wire welding. The median Ba concentrations were 4.4 and 2.0 mg/m³ respectively. An integrated exhaust system built into the gun proved to be efficient in flux cored wire welding. The internal exposure to Ba reached median urine levels up to 101.7 g/l (normal: below 20 g/l) and median plasma concentrations of up to 24.7 g/l (normal: below 8 g/l). No health impact on the welders could be proven, but hypokalemia may have occurred as a result of the Ba exposure.