人参皂甙与己烯雌酚联用对去卵巢大鼠骨丢失作用的观察

目的　探讨人参皂甙单用或与己烯雌酚合用对去卵巢大鼠骨丢失的预防作用。方法　 4.5月龄 SD雌性大鼠 ,按体重随机分为正常对照组、去卵巢组、己烯雌酚组、人参皂甙组和人参皂甙与己烯雌酚联用组。采用双侧卵巢摘除术 ,体内双荧光标记法 ,胫骨上段硬组织包埋切片 ,全自动图像分析及松质骨形态计量学软件处理 ,观察药物对骨形态计量参数的影响。结果　去卵巢 1 0 w后骨量丢失和破骨细胞活性、骨形成率及骨转换率增加 ,子宫重量减轻 ,子宫内膜厚度变薄 ,存在显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1或 P<0 .0 5)。人参皂甙与己烯雌酚合用能使骨量增加 ,骨形成增多 ,骨吸收和骨转换率下降并有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1或 P<0 .0 5) ,子宫重量和子宫内膜厚度均下降。结论　去卵巢大鼠骨量丢失 ,骨转换率增高 ,出现明显的骨质疏松 ;己烯雌酚 (1 0μg· kg- 1· d- 1 )能抑制骨吸收 ,也抑制骨形成。与 1 0 0 mg/ kg人参皂甙合用 ,能增加骨量 ,增加骨形成 ,并减轻己烯雌酚导致的子宫重量增加和内膜增厚的危险性 ,能完全预防去卵巢大鼠的骨丢失     

山茶籽对去卵巢和非去卵巢雌性大鼠肝组织影响的实验研究

目的:通过观察山茶籽对去卵巢和非去卵巢雌性大鼠肝组织结构和功能的影响,为山茶籽在妇女疾病的防治和保健提供实验依据。方法:选取6月龄健康雌性大鼠80只,分成4组。对照组(Normal)、去卵巢模型组(OVX)、山茶籽+去卵巢组(Ts+OVX)和山茶籽+对照组(Ts+Normal)。Ts+OVX组和Ts+Normal组,用山茶籽醇提物水溶液灌胃,10 ml.kg-1.d-1(5 g生药/g),两个治疗组的连续用药12周。12周后,麻醉大鼠取左心血,处死后取肝脏。肝切片光镜观察肝组织形态结构,并对血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、白蛋白(A)和球蛋白(G);肝匀浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)清除率进行测定,数据进行统计学分析。结果:与Normal组比较,两个治疗组肝体质量比、血清AST、ALT和A/G及肝匀浆GSH-Px、MDA和清除率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),肝组织切片没有肝组织损害病理改变。结论:山茶籽醇提物对去卵巢和非去卵巢雌性大鼠没有肝损害作用。     

补肾中药组方对去卵巢大鼠骨微结构的影响

目的研究补肾中药组方对去卵巢大鼠骨微结构的影响。方法通过卵巢摘除建立骨质疏松模型,研究不同剂量的补肾中药对去卵巢大鼠骨微结构的影响。结果光镜下观察高剂量补肾中药组方能改善去卵巢大鼠的骨小梁的分布、排列、之间的连接、厚度及间隙等组织学表现。组织计量学表明高、中剂量中药组能提高骨小梁TBV%和MTT(与OVX组比较P<0.05),这种功能与尼尔雌醇作用相当(P>0.05),低剂量中药组能提高骨小梁TBV%(与OVX组比较P<0.05)。结论补肾中药具有改善去势大鼠骨微结构的功能。     

Topically administered Risedronate shows powerful anti-osteoporosis effect in ovariectomized mouse model

We investigated the therapeutic effect of topical Risedronate (RIS) on a mouse model of estrogen-deficient osteoporosis. Fourteen-week-old female mice were ovariectomized and assigned to 4 groups: SHAM-operated (SHAM), OVX mice treated with vehicle (OVX-V), OVX mice treated with 0.2% RIS (OVX-0.2% RIS), and OVX-mice treated with 0.02% RIS (OVX-0.02% RIS). Topical samples containing RIS were prepared in 10% (w/w) polyethylene glycol (PEG, MW 400) and 80 μg of sample was spread on the mice's mid-backs every 3 days for 5 weeks. Micro-CT analysis of femora demonstrated that OVX-0.2% RIS exhibited a 29% greater bone mineral density and 24% greater bone volume fraction than that of OVX-V group. Investigation of the trabecular bone in OVX-0.2% RIS revealed a 24% higher bone volume (BV/TV), 51% higher trabecular number (Tb.N), and 40% lower trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) compared to OVX-V mice. Additionally, bone phenotypes of tibiae were further confirmed by histological analysis. OVX-0.2% RIS group exhibited a 494% greater BV/TV, 464% less Tb.Sp, 81% greater active osteoclast surface (Oc.S/BS) and 26% less osteoclast number (N.Oc/BS) than that of OVX-V group. Collectively, these results indicated that topical delivery of RIS has powerful pharmaceutical effects on the prevention of osteoporosis and bone turnover.     

Effects of h-PTH on cancellous bone mass, connectivity, and bone strength in ovariectomized rats with and without sciatic-neurectomy.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether h-PTH (1-34) treatment would recover cancellous bone connectivity and bone strength in ovariectomized (OVX) or ovariectomized and sciatic-neurectomized (OVX+NX) rats. Seven-month-old female Wistar rats were treated with h-PTH or vehicle (6.0 microg/kg, six times a week, subcutaneously) for four weeks beginning 4, 8, or 12 weeks after OVX or OVX+NX. These were compared to age-matched baseline and sham-operated groups. Right tibiae were used for bone histomorphometry and node-strut analysis, and left tibiae were used for mechanical testing. The bone formation rates in the OVX and OVX+NX rats treated with h-PTH were significantly higher than those in their baseline controls. h-PTH treatment increased the node numbers and failure energies in the OVX rats, compared to their baseline controls, at all time points. However, in the OVX+NX rats, the effects of h-PTH treatment on the node number and failure energy were observed only at four weeks after surgery, but not at eight weeks or 12 weeks after surgery. These results suggest that the lowest limit, at which trabecular connectivity and bone strength are able to be restored by h-PTH, occurred between four and eight weeks in OVX+NX rats, but not in OVX rats. h-PTH cannot recover trabecular connectivity and bone strength in advanced osteopenia.     

Hypothalamic electrical activity that relates to the pulsatile release of luteinizing hormone exhibits diurnal variation in ovariectomized rats

The multiunit activity (MUA) was recorded in the arcuate nucleus-median eminence region in freely moving ovariectomized rats maintained under controlled lighting conditions (lights on 05.00-19.00 h) over a period of 24 h. The MUA of each rat had been confirmed to exhibit characteristic increases (volleys) in association with pulses of luteinizing hormone. In 6 MUAs examined, the frequency of MUA volleys was significantly greater in the dark period than in the light period, suggesting a diurnal variation in the release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in the ovariectomized rat.     

去势兔骨质疏松动物血清TRAP及BALP水平的观察

破骨细胞生成的抗滴石酸盐酸性磷酸酶（ｔａｒｔｒａｔｅ－ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔａｃｉｄｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔａｓｅ，ＴＲＡＰ）及成骨细胞生成的骨碱性磷酸酶（ｂｏｎｅａｌｋａｌｉｎｅｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔａｓｅ，ＢＡＬＰ）均可分泌入血。因此，血中ＴＲＡＰ及ＢＡＬＰ水平可分别反映破骨细胞及成骨细胞的功能。本文在以往工作的基础上，观察了经双侧卵巢切除法诱导五月龄新西兰纯种大白兔形成骨质疏松动物的血清ＴＲＡＰ（采用对硝基酚磷酸盐法）及ＢＡＬＰ（热失活法）水平，结果显示：术后兔血清ＴＲＡＰ及ＢＡＬＰ活性均较术前升高，ＴＲＡＰ的变化先于ＢＡＬＰ。术后１月ＴＲＡＰ活性升至最高，然后逐渐降低，至术后２．２月左右基本降至术前水平；ＢＡＬＰ活性在术后２．２月左右升至最高，并在此水平上保持约半个月，其后很快下降，于术后３．７月左右基本降至手术前水平。对照兔血清ＴＲＡＰ及ＢＡＬＰ活性的变化趋势基本一致。结果说明：手术去势后首先刺激破骨细胞的骨吸收作用，然后刺激成骨细胞的骨形成作用。这可能是女性绝经后头几年内骨质快速丢失的一个原因。有关骨质疏松动物模型血中ＴＲＡＰ及ＢＡＩ．Ｐ变化规律的研究，目前国内外尚未见报道。本文研究结果为原发性骨质疏松的病因学、     

The effects of chronic dietary calcium supplementation on bone mineral density in ovariectomized Beagles

Summary Oral calcium tablets were given daily for 180 days to ovariectomized Beagle dams (n=4). Total serum calcium, and bone mineral content of midshaft femur were measured and compared to that of the controls (ovariectomized alone, n=4). The bone mineral density was significantly higher in the calcium supplemented dogs (p<0.01).     

“逆针”与“逆灸”对去卵巢大鼠血脂水平的影响

目的:观察“逆针”与“逆灸”对随后的卵巢摘除大鼠血脂水平的影响。方法:采用3.5月龄SD雌性大鼠40只,随机分为假手术组、去卵对照组、逆针去卵组和逆灸去卵组,分别测定其血清总胆固醇(TCh)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)。结果:去卵对照组与假手术组相比,TCh、TG升高不显著(P>0.05),HDL显著降低(P<0.05),而LDL显著升高(P<0.05)。逆针与逆灸去卵组TG明显低于去卵对照组(P<0.05),HDL显著高于去卵对照组(P<0.01),并且逆灸去卵组LDL也明显低于去卵对照组(P<0.05)。逆针、逆灸去卵组与假手术组三者间各指标无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:“逆针”“逆灸”可对随后的去卵巢大鼠血脂水平的紊乱起到一定的抵抗与调整作用。     

低频脉冲电磁场对去势骨质疏松大鼠腰椎骨形态计量学的影响

目的观察低频脉冲电磁场(pulsed electromagnetic fields,PEMFs)对去势骨质疏松(osteoporosis,OP)大鼠腰椎骨组织形态计量学的影响,探讨PEMFs治疗OP的作用机制。方法将66只3月龄雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(A组,n=12)、PEMFs实验组(B组,n=12)、雌激素对照组(C组,n=12)、卵巢切除对照组(D组,n=30)。A组大鼠仅切除卵巢周围部分脂肪组织,不切除卵巢;其余各组大鼠均切除双侧卵巢,制备去势OP大鼠模型。术后12周,B组采用低频PEMFs(8 Hz、3.8 mT、40 min/d)干预治疗30 d;C组采用倍美力0.065 mg/(kg.d)灌胃30 d;A、D组正常饲养。观察各组大鼠一般情况,术后12周检测血清雌二醇水平;干预治疗30 d后处死大鼠,取L4椎体作组织学切片,行静态骨形态计量学分析。结果术后D组大鼠毛发逐渐稀疏,活动迟缓,精神不振,反应较迟钝;A、B、C组大鼠毛发均光洁,精神及活动正常。术后12周,A组和D组大鼠血清雌二醇水平分别为(54.93±23.52)pg/mL和(31.99±23.45)pg/mL,比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.345,P=0.029)。干预治疗30 d后HE染色观察示,D组骨质变薄,骨髓扩大,骨小梁分布稀疏并变细,见断裂现象;A、B、C组骨小梁粗细一致,分布均匀,无断裂现象。B组大鼠L4椎体骨小梁面积百分比显著高于D组(P<0.05),也高于A、C组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);骨小梁厚度显著高于D组(P<0.05),低于A、C组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);骨小梁数量显著低于D组(P<0.05),高于A、C组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);骨小梁分离度高于D组,低于A、C组,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 8 Hz、3.8 mT的PEMFs干预30 d可有效改善去势OP大鼠骨显微结构,增加骨小梁面积百分比、骨小梁厚度,降低骨小梁数量,对大鼠OP有良好的防治作用。