Heterogeneidad en el perfil profesional y las actividades de los registros de mortalidad en España

ObjectiveThe mortality registries (MR) code death causes for the elaboration of the mortality statistics of the Spanish National Institute of Statistics (INE). Documentary research and medical training can improve this activity. Our objective was to analyse the professional profile and activities of the MR.MethodA survey was designed and distributed in February 2021. Professional profile, quality activities, medical training, and regular publications were the major topics. 16/18 MR participated. A cluster analysis was performed.ResultsEleven registries belong to Public Health. Five have an INE agreement, 39% provided training, and 56% made regular publications. Ten improved the causes of death, and 17% reviewed the automatic coding. The cluster analysis started from 5/16 groups of registries.ConclusionsThe MR were heterogeneous in professionals, quality and publications. Homogeneity implies documentary search, a sole INE agreement, and providing systemic medical training.     

Impacto de la fragilidad y COVID-19 en una cohorte de gente mayor de la ciudad de Barcelona

Objetive To describe the incidence and mortality of the first wave of COVID-19 in the elderly population of Barcelona, according to their previous levels of frailty.DesignRetrospective cohort study.Setting and participantsPopulation aged 65 or over assigned to the Barcelona Primary Care centres of the Institut Català de la Salut, followed between March and June 2020.Main measurementsFrailty was calculated at baseline from the computerised medical records. Results during follow-up: diagnosis of COVID-19, possible or confirmed with PCR and all-cause mortality.Results251 788 patients over 64 years of age were analysed, 61.3% had some level of frailty, 27.8% moderate or severe. The incidence of COVID-19 was 3.13 cases per 100 inhabitants (N = 7883) and the mortality from COVID-19 was 21.5% (N = 1691). Both the incidence and mortality from COVID-19 were higher at older age, in men, at greater deprivation and at a higher level of frailty. Individuals with mild, moderate, and severe frailty had an adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) for COVID-19 disease of 1.47, 2.08, and 3.50, respectively. Among subjects with COVID-19, those with mild, moderate, and severe frailty had an adjusted HR for COVID-19 mortality of 1.44, 1.69, and 2.47, respectively.ConclusionsWe consider it necessary to address frailty also in a pandemic situation, since it is a treatable condition and in turn a more serious risk factor for COVID-19, where the role of primary care is essential, due to its accessibility and longitudinal character.     

Thirty-day mortality of patients with hip fracture during COVID-19 pandemic and pre-pandemic periods: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUNDTimely intervention in hip fracture is essential to decrease the risks of perioperative morbidity and mortality. However, limitations of the resources, risk of disease transmission and redirection of medical attention to a more severe infective health problem during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic period have affected the quality of care even in a surgical emergency.AIMTo compare the 30-d mortality rate and complications of hip fracture patients treated during COVID-19 pandemic and pre-pandemic times.METHODSThe search of electronic databases on 1^st August 2020 revealed 45 studies related to mortality of hip fracture during the COVID-19 pandemic and pre-pandemic times. After careful screening, eight studies were eligible for quantitative and qualitative analysis of data.RESULTSThe pooled data of eight studies (n = 1586) revealed no significant difference in 30-d mortality rate between the hip fracture patients treated during the pandemic and pre-pandemic periods [9.63% vs 6.33%; odds ratio (OR), 0.62; 95%CI, 0.33, 1.17; P = 0.14]. Even the 30-d mortality rate was not different between COVID-19 non-infected patients who were treated during the pandemic time, and all hip fracture patients treated during the pre-pandemic period (OR, 1.03; 95%CI, 0.61, 1.75; P = 0.91). A significant difference in mortality rate was observed between COVID-19 positive and COVID-19 negative patients (OR, 6.99; 95%CI, 3.45, 14.16; P < 0.00001). There was no difference in the duration of hospital stay (OR, -1.52, 95%CI, -3.85, 0.81; P = 0.20), overall complications (OR, 1.62; P = 0.15) and incidence of pulmonary complications (OR, 1.46; P = 0.38) in these two-time frames. Nevertheless, the preoperative morbidity was more severe, and there was less use of general anesthesia during the pandemic time.CONCLUSIONThere was no difference in 30-d mortality rate between hip fracture patients treated during the pandemic and pre-pandemic periods. However, the mortality risk was higher in COVID-19 positive patients compared to COVID-19 negative patients. There was no difference in time to surgery, complications and hospitalization time between these two time periods.     

Higher mortality rates associated with rheumatoid arthritis in Saskatchewan,Canada, 2001–2019

ObjectivesTo estimate provincial all-cause mortality rates of Saskatchewan people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for comparison with the general population over time and between different geographic regions.MethodsSaskatchewan provincial administrative health databases (2001–2019) were utilized as data sources. Two RA case definitions were employed: (1) ≥ 3 physician billing diagnoses, at least 1 from a specialist (rheumatologist, general internist or orthopaedic surgeon) within 2 years; (2) ≥ 1 hospitalization diagnosis (ICD-9 code 714, and ICD-10-CA codes M05, M06). Data from these definitions were combined to create an administrative data RA cohort. All-cause mortality rates across geographic regions, between rural/urban residences and between sexes were examined.ResultsOver an 18-year span, between fiscal-year 2001–2002 and fiscal-year 2018–2019, age- and sex-adjusted mortality rates ranged from 17.10 to 21.04 (95% CI 14.77, 19.44; 18.03, 24.05)/1000 RA person-years, compared with mortality rates for the general Saskatchewan population without RA, which ranged from 9.37 to 10.88 (95% CI 9.23, 9.51; 10.72, 11.05)/1000 person-years. Fiscal-year mortality rate ratios ranged from 1.82 to 2.13 (95% CI 1.56, 2.13; 1.83, 2.46). Provincial mortality rates were higher in men than in women for both general and RA populations. Northern Saskatchewan mortality rates were significantly higher in the general population but did not achieve significance compared with other provincial regions for the RA population. Regression analysis identified age, male sex, RA and geographic region as factors contributing to increased mortality. A trend towards lower mortality rates over time was observed.ConclusionHigher mortality rates were observed in the RA population overall. Men had higher mortality rates, as did residents of Northern Saskatchewan compared with residents of other regions for the general population.     

Health dynamics shape life-cycle incomes

This paper empirically investigates the long-run effects of major health improvements on income growth in the United States. To isolate exogenous changes in health, the econometric model uses quasi-experimental variation in cardiovascular disease mortality across states over time. Based on data for the white population, the results show that there is a causal link between health and income per person, and they provide novel evidence that health dynamics shape life-cycle incomes. Life-cycle income profiles slope more strongly at the beginning and at the end of work life in 2000 than in 1960, indicating that age becomes a more prominent determinant of income dynamics over this period. The channels for this transformation include better health, higher educational attainment, and changing labor supply.     

中国10个地区成年人自评健康状况与全因死亡、心血管疾病死亡风险的关联研究

目的 分析自评健康状况（SRH）与全因死亡和心血管疾病（CVD）死亡风险的关联性。方法 研究对象来自中国慢性病前瞻性研究,剔除有逻辑错误和信息缺失的个体,最终纳入512 713名研究对象。SRH在基线问卷调查时搜集,包括整体自评健康状况（GSRH）及与同龄人相比自评健康状况（ASRH）;死亡事件及原因通过链接到疾病死亡监测系统和国家医保系统获取。采用多因素校正的Cox比例风险回归模型估计SRH与全因死亡和CVD死亡的关联性。结果 在平均9.9年的随访时间里,共观测到44 065例死亡事件,其中17 648例死于CVD。与GSRH良好的人相比,GSRH较差的研究对象未来发生全因死亡及CVD死亡的风险效应（HR）值（95%CI）分别是1.84（1.78~1.91）和1.94（1.82~2.06）。与ASRH更好的人相比,ASRH更差的研究对象未来发生全因死亡及CVD死亡的HR值（95%CI）分别是1.75（1.70~1.81）和1.83（1.73~1.92）。两种SRH指标与全因死亡和CVD死亡的关联性在各个亚组分析和敏感性分析中都保持显著,且SRH越差、死亡风险越高。结论 SRH简单易用,SRH越差、个体未来全因死亡/CVD死亡风险越高。     

1999-2018年天津市居民平均期望寿命变化分析

目的 分析近20年天津市居民期望寿命变化规律以及对期望寿命增量的影响因素。方法 应用简略寿命表、期望寿命差异的年龄和死因分解法对天津市户籍居民1999-2018年死因监测数据进行分析,计算不同年龄、不同疾病死亡率对期望寿命增量的贡献值和百分比。结果 20年间天津市户籍居民期望寿命增加了4.97岁,男性、女性期望寿命分别增加4.11岁和5.86岁,女性增幅高于男性。0岁组死亡率下降对期望寿命增加的贡献率为19.17%,≥55岁组居民死亡率下降对期望寿命的增加贡献较大,累计贡献率为67.38%。脑血管病、呼吸系统疾病、心脏病、围生期情况、先天畸形以及损伤和中毒死亡率下降对期望寿命提高的贡献较大,贡献率分别为27.27%、21.37%、15.76%、12.22%、6.44%和4.86%。恶性肿瘤、损伤和中毒、糖尿病、神经系统疾病等死亡率的增加对≥75岁人群寿命增长产生负向作用。天津市期望寿命增加具有阶段性特点,1999-2011年为76.72~81.46岁,具有上升趋势（t=9.11,P<0.001）,年度变化百分比（APC）为0.58%;2011-2018年为81.46~81.69岁,为平稳趋势（t=0.89,P=0.387）,APC为0.13%。结论 1999-2018年天津市居民期望寿命增长主要归因于婴儿、老年人、脑血管病、呼吸系统疾病、心脏病、围生期情况、先天畸形以及损伤和中毒死亡率的下降,而≥75岁人群恶性肿瘤、损伤和中毒、糖尿病、神经系统疾病等死亡率的增加对期望寿命增长产生了负向作用。应加强重点人群、重点疾病的综合防治,进一步提高人群期望寿命。     

Protocolo del Estudio Poblacional Multinivel de las Desigualdades Socioeconómicas en la Distribución Geográfica de la Incidencia,la Mortalidad y la Supervivencia Neta del Cáncer en España: Estudio DESOCANES

Incidence and mortality provide information on the burden of cancer morbidity and the potential years of life lost due to cancer. The Spanish Deprivation Index (SDI) has been developed as a standardized measure to study socioeconomic deprivation in Spain at the census tract level. In addition, SDI information can be combined with ecological variables at the population level and data from the High-Resolution European Studies in Cancer. The aim of this study is to characterize socioeconomic inequalities in incidence, excess mortality, premature mortality and net survival for three of the most incident cancers (lung, colon-rectum and breast) in Spain using the SDI. This national population-based study will assess the impact of socioeconomic inequalities using a multilevel modelling approach. Spatial analysis, multilevel modeling, net survival and economic impact assessment will be used. The results will be useful for supporting decision-making, planning, and management of public health interventions aimed at reducing the impact of socioeconomic inequalities in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients in Spain.