Ultrasound-guided microwave ablation for abdominal wall metastatic tumors: a preliminary study

AIM: To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided microwave (MW) ablation for abdominal wall metastatic tumors.METHODS: From August 2007 to December 2010, a total of 11 patients with 23 abdominal wall nodules (diameter 2.59 cm ± 1.11 cm, range 1.3 cm to 5.0 cm) were treated with MW ablation. One antenna was inserted into the center of tumors less than 1.7 cm, and multiple antennae were inserted simultaneously into tumors 1.7 cm or larger. A 21 gauge thermocouple was inserted near important organs which required protection (such as bowel or gallbladder) for real-time temperature monitoring during MW ablation. Treatment outcome was observed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [or computed tomography (CT)] during follow-up.RESULTS: MW ablation was well tolerated by all patients. Six patients with 11 nodules had 1 thermocouple inserted near important organs for real-time temperature monitoring and the maximum temperature was 56 °C. Major complications included mild pain (54.5%), post-ablation fever (100%) and abdominal wall edema (25%). All 23 tumors (100%) in this group were completely ablated, and no residual tumor or local recurrence was observed at a median follow-up of 13 mo (range 1 to 32 mo). The ablation zone was well defined on contrast-enhanced imaging (contrast-enhanced CT, MRI and/or contrast-enhanced ultrasound) and gradually shrank with time.CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided MW ablation may be a feasible, safe and effective treatment for abdominal wall metastatic tumors in selected patients.     

腔内微波与传统手术治疗原发性下肢静脉曲张的临床对照研究

目的：比较腔内微波闭合术（EMA）与传统剥脱术治疗原发性下肢静脉曲张的疗效。方法：回顾性分析170例原发性下肢静脉曲张患者资料,其中110例行大隐静脉高位结扎加EMA治疗（EMA组）,60例采用传统手术方法治疗（传统组）,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后下床活动时间、术后住院天数、手术并发症、术后疗效等指标。结果：EMA组手术时间、术中出血量、术后开始下床活动时间、术后住院天数、术后并发症（皮肤灼伤、皮下淤血、切口愈合不良、局部感觉异常）均低于传统手术治疗组,差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。术后深静脉血栓发生率、术后疗效（局部复发、色素沉着）两组患者比较差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。结论：高位结扎联合EMA治疗原发性大隐静脉曲张有效地结合了传统手术和微波治疗的优点,兼有微创、安全、有效的特点。

     

超声引导下经皮微波消融与冷冻消融治疗高风险部位肝癌的对照研究

目的：比较超声引导下经皮微波消融与冷冻消融治疗高风险部位肝癌的临床结局及术后并发症,并分析影响预后和术后复发的因素。 方法：选取2014年4月至2018年3月广州复大肿瘤医院收治的120例高风险部位肝癌患者,其中64例接受微波消融治疗（微波组）,56例接受冷冻消融治疗（冷冻组）。比较两组的治疗结局,主要包括生存、复发及术后并发症。用Cox回归模型分析预后和术后复发的影响因素。 结果：微波消融组1、3、5年总生存率分别为85.8%、63.5%、63.5%,冷冻消融组为92.0%、87.4%、74.9%,两组差异无统计学意义（P=0.141）。微波消融组1、3、5年无复发生存率分别为77.8%、49.0%、49.0%,冷冻消融组分别为81.4%、58.5%、46.8%,两组差异无统计学意义（P=0.469）。微波消融组的3、6、9、12个月的局部进展率分别为3.1%、6.3%、9.4%、15.9%,高于冷冻消融组（分别为0%、0%、3.7%、19.0%）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.003）。微波组的主要和次要并发症发生率（分别为6.3%、82.8%）均高于冷冻组（分别为0%、32.1%）,差异有统计学意义。年龄≥65岁,直径3~5 cm及Child-Pugh分级B级是肝癌术后预后较差的危险因素;直径3~5 cm、多个肿瘤以及多次消融是消融术后复发的危险因素。 结论：冷冻消融治疗高风险部位的肝癌具有与微波消融接近的生存结局,但具有更好的局部肿瘤控制率及更少的并发症,适合在临床中推广应用。     

A quantitative comparison analysis of diatoms in the lung tissues and the drowning medium as an indicator of drowning

The presence of diatoms in the lung tissues, internal organs and bone marrow is considered as the supportive evidence in the diagnosis of death by drowning. Generally, the diatoms detected in the lung tissues are regarded as insignificant since these diatoms can be detected in the lung tissues of the postmortem immersion bodies. In this study, we analyzed the relationships between the numbers of the diatoms in the lung tissues and the drowning medium. We made a comparison analysis between the diatoms in the lung tissues and the drowning medium using the ratio of diatom numbers in both samples (L/D ratio), utilizing Microwave Digestion - Vacuum Filtration - Automated Scanning Electron Microscopy method. Our data indicate that the L/D ratios in victims of the drowning group were higher than the postmortem immersion group. A higher L/D ratio provides valuable information about the cause of death in drowning victims. Quantitative diatom analysis in the lung tissues, especially combined with the diatom analysis of the drowning medium, provides supportive evidence in determining if a body recovered in water was due to drowning or not.     

甲状腺结节微波热消融治疗的临床进展

甲状腺结节是临床常见疾病,其治疗方式目前主要以外科开放式手术为主,微创治疗一直是临床探索的热点。经超声引导下甲状腺结节微波热消融具有重要的临床意义。本文主要对微波热消融甲状腺结节的治疗指征、临床疗效及常见并发症进行综述。     

术前甲胎蛋白水平在热消融治疗肝细胞癌中的预后价值

目的探索术前甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平在热消融治疗肝细胞癌(HCC)病人中的预后价值。方法回顾性分析临床诊断为HCC病人305例,均为单发直径3 cm肿瘤,109例接受射频治疗,196例接受微波治疗,比较两组病人的远期疗效并统计分析病人的预后影响因素。结果 AFP≥400μg/L组和AFP400μg/L组病人1、3、5累积生存率分别为83.6%、66.9%、49.8%和96.2%、90.0%、74.7%(P=0.001),1、3、5累积复发率分别为36.3%、61.2%、75.2%和17.6%、38.9%、59.0%(P=0.003)。COX多因素分析中,AFP≥400μg/L是影响术后生存和复发的独立危险因素。射频组和微波组1、3、5年累积生存率分别为91.7%、79.5%、65.8%和94.8%、82.4%、69.4%(P=0.211)。1、3、5年复发率分别为24.1%、50.6%、61.1%和21.4%、40.1%、59.7%(P=0.424)。结论 AFP≥400μg与肝癌预后的生存和复发密切相关,可作为早期肝癌病人术后预后的指标。早期肝癌射频和微波消融远期疗效无明显差异。     

3种致病菌污染化验单后用微波炉消毒化验单的效果观察

针对易引起院内感染的铜绿假单胞菌，大肠埃希菌。金黄色葡萄球菌等致病菌污染化验单后造成院内感染。通过用这3种细菌的质控菌株和病原菌株污染化验单后用微波炉来消毒化验单，观察每次消毒化验单具体张数，具体时间和火力，得出最佳消毒时间，火力以及化验单厚度以达到杀死病原菌消毒的目的，从而控制院内感染。     

人脑胶质瘤手术加局部热化疗研究

目的　探讨脑胶质瘤手术加局部热化疗的可行性和安全性。方法　回顾性分析脑胶质瘤手术加术中、术后间断热化疗等综合治疗 2 4例患者 (综合组 )的资料 ,与同期手术治疗的 46例未行热化疗的脑胶质瘤患者 (对照组 )进行比较。热化疗方法是术中用双极电凝直接加热瘤体残腔化疗药 ,43～ 44℃ ,持续2 5min。术后第 2天始 ,隔日将化疗药注射入埋置于头皮下的Ommaya药囊中 ,并用微波辐射加温 45min ,共 9次。结果　综合组平均生存 3 0 .75个月 ,对照组平均生存 8.85个月 ,综合组较对照组生存年限延长 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,而并发症并未增加。结论　脑胶质瘤术中和术后间断局部热化疗可提高手术疗效 ,减少肿瘤复发 ;微波辅助术后局部化疗药液加温是安全可行的     

Clinical Guideline for Microwave Ablation of Bone Tumors in Extremities

Microwave ablation has been used to treat bone tumors in extremities for more than 30 years. With improved recognition, updated microwave equipment, and expanded clinical application, microwave ablation has recently been widely used to treat bone tumors. To standardize the application of microwave ablation in the clinical treatment of bone tumors in the limbs, research results and clinical experience involving the use of microwave ablation to treat bone tumors in the limbs have been summarized, and a clinical guideline has been designed. This guideline is aimed at providing a reliable clinical basis for indications, preoperative evaluation and decision‐making, perioperative treatment, complications, and other issues via evidence‐based medicine. Two aspects are considered—percutaneous microwave ablation and intraoperative microwave ablation of bone tumors in extremities. Ultimately, the guideline is intended to standardize treatment and improve the clinical efficacy of microwave ablation of bone tumors in extremities.     

开放微波消融联合椎体成形和钉棒系统内固定治疗胸腰椎转移瘤

目的:探讨开放微波消融联合椎体成形、钉棒系统内固定在胸腰椎转移性肿瘤治疗中的初步临床效果。方法:对2014年1月至2016年1月收治的12例胸腰椎转移癌行开放微波消融联合椎体成形、钉棒系统内固定治疗的患者进行回顾性分析,其中男6例,女6例;年龄30～75岁,平均55.6岁。转移癌类型:肺转移癌5例,乳腺转移癌2例,甲状腺转移癌2例,肾转移癌2例,肝转移癌1例。转移部位:胸椎转移癌7例,腰椎转移癌5例。Tomita预后评分主要集中在3～6分。脊髓神经功能按ASIA分级:C级3例,D级1例,E级8例。术前的VAS评分为8.3±0.4,术后1、3、6个月以及末次随访时采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)评价临床效果。结果:12例患者手术出血量500～2 050 ml,平均850 ml。手术时间3.5～5.5 h,平均4.5 h。术中无神经损伤病例。术后发生脑脊液漏3例,经保守治疗后自愈。切口浅表感染2例,经换药后愈合。肺部感染1例。无深部感染、下肢血栓等并发症。术后12例患者均获得随访,时间9～40个月,平均28.6个月。临床症状均有明显改善,下肢运动功能不同程度的恢复,ASIA分级2例C级恢复至D级,1例C级恢复不明显,1例D级恢复至E级。1例患者术后10个月死于原发性肝癌。随访期间1例患者局部肿瘤复发。术后第1、3、6个月以及末次随访时VAS评分分别为2.7±0.6、2.5±0.4、2.6±0.5、2.5±0.5,与术前比较明显改善(P0.05)。结论:开放微波消融联合椎体成形、钉棒系统内固定治疗胸腰椎转移瘤效果肯定,术中出血量较少、手术时间较短、术后疼痛缓解明显、肿瘤复发率低。