中医药外治疗法治疗混合痔术后并发症临床研究概况

混合痔在其多样化的治疗方案中通过手术治疗是最主要的方法,但因肛管解剖结构和生理功能的特殊性、复杂性,且开放的术口会因排便刺激而损伤局部组织,造成肛门部水肿、疼痛、创面延期愈合等并发症出现,降低患者的生活质量并带来极大的身心痛苦。西医治疗主要是抗感染、止痛、止血等对症处理为主; 而中医治疗是以辨证论治为基础,达到消肿止痛、活血化瘀、抗炎促愈的目的,疗效稳定,尤其是中医外治疗法通过中药熏洗坐浴、灌肠塞肛及针灸敷药等方式直接作用于切口患处,减少胃肠道刺激,发挥多靶点、多环节、多层次的综合调控作用而增加疗效,其成本低、易操作、简便易行,能促进水肿消退、缓解疼痛、减少出血及创面早日愈合。现就混合痔术后并发症的中医药外治疗法进行综述如下。     

The Current Pediatric Surgery Job Market: A Perspective of Recent Fellowship Graduates

PurposeThis study describes the job market from the perspective of recent pediatric surgery graduates.MethodsAn anonymous survey was circulated to the 137 pediatric surgeons who graduated from fellowships 2019–2021.ResultsThe survey response rate was 49%. The majority of respondents were women (52%), Caucasian (72%), and had a median student debt burden of $225,000. Considering job opportunities, respondents strongly emphasized camaraderie (93%), mentorship (93%), case mix (85%), geography (67%), faculty reputation (62%), spousal employment (57%), compensation (51%), and call frequency (45%). 30% were satisfied with the employment opportunities available, and 21% felt strongly prepared to negotiate for their first job. All respondents were able to secure a job. Most jobs were university-based (70%) or hospital employed (18%) positions where surgeons covered median of two hospitals. 49% wanted protected research time, and 12% of respondents were able to secure substantial, protected research time. The median compensation for university-based jobs was $12,583 below the median AAMC benchmark for assistant professors for the corresponding year of graduation.ConclusionThese data highlight the ongoing need for assessment of the pediatric surgery workforce and for professional societies and training programs to further assist graduating fellows in preparing to negotiate their first job.Type of studySurveyLevel of EvidenceLevel V.     

Esophageal Surveillance Practices in Esophageal Atresia Patients: A Survey by the Eastern Pediatric Surgery Network

IntroductionEndoscopic surveillance guidelines for patients with repaired esophageal atresia (EA) rely primarily on expert opinion. Prior to embarking on a prospective EA surveillance registry, we sought to understand EA surveillance practices within the Eastern Pediatric Surgery Network (EPSN).MethodsAn anonymous, 23-question Qualtrics survey was emailed to 181 physicians (surgeons and gastroenterologists) at 19 member institutions. Likert scale questions gauged agreement with international EA surveillance guideline-derived statements. Multiple-choice questions assessed individual and institutional practices.ResultsThe response rate was 77%. Most respondents (80%) strongly agree or agree that EA surveillance endoscopy should follow a set schedule, while only 36% claimed to perform routine upper GI endoscopy regardless of symptoms. Many institutions (77%) have an aerodigestive clinic, even if some lack a multi-disciplinary EA team. Most physicians (72%) expressed strong interest in helping develop evidence-based guidelines.ConclusionsOur survey reveals physician agreement with current guidelines but weak adherence. Surveillance methods vary greatly, underscoring the lack of evidence-based data to guide EA care. Aerodigestive clinics may help implement surveillance schedules. Respondents support evidence-based protocols, which bodes well for care standardization. Results will inform the first multi-institutional EA databases in the United States (US), which will be essential for evidence-based care.Level of EvidenceThis is a prognosis study with level 4 evidence.     

Adopting Review,Reflect and Re-focus [Triple R] sessions to support pre-registration therapeutic radiography students post clinical placement

IntroductionEducation and training strategies in Therapeutic Radiography are challenged in recruiting and retaining students in the profession. Clinical oncology centres are often viewed as stressful environments for students due to rapid advances in technology and reported bullying and harassment. Educators continue to work with clinical partners in developing strategies to promote resilience and reduce negative attitudes. The overall aim of this project was to explore the use of Triple R sessions as a new method of student reflection.MethodsThe Review, Reflect and Re-focus (Triple R) sessions were designed to enable students to learn from their clinical experiences and; apply their understanding and positivity when they return to clinical placement. Eleven sessions were completed across 7 student cohorts in one academic year. Qualitative data was collected from feedback forms, as well as academic field notes, and analysed thematically.ResultsTwo main themes focused on: (1) staff interactions and (2) student expectations. Results showed that Triple R sessions were helpful in drawing out the experiences of students in a positive way to reflect on their own development. The sessions enabled critical self-analysis and improved problem-solving skills, particularly evident during peer discussions.ConclusionTriple R sessions explored the influence of a positive approach on students' perceptions of their overall placement. Evaluation of the data indicated that, following academic and peer discussion, students' perceptions tended to be a more positive overall view of their placement.Implications for practiceTriple R sessions can be used in academic and clinical environments to enable positive student interactions.     

接受机械取栓治疗的急性脑梗死患者血栓特征研究进展

急性脑梗死是威胁我国人民健康的重大疾病,其致死率及致残率均较高,造成了沉重的社会负担。及时开通导致梗死的责任血管以恢复脑灌注是治疗该病的关键。机械取栓技术的应用使得患者的血栓组织能够被获取并得到研究。本文介绍了近年来通过机械取栓术获取的血栓的相关研究发现,以纤维蛋白为主的血栓是造成取栓困难的重要组织学原因,影像学方法可以在术前评估血栓特征。这些发现提示临床工作者可以积极开发新型血栓取出装置用于处理难治性血栓,并有必要探索精确便捷的血栓特征影像学评价方法,从而提高机械取栓疗效。     

中医药治疗慢性前列腺炎研究概况

综述近年中医药治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床研究,认为本病病因病机之核心在于脾肾亏虚为本,湿热、痰浊、瘀毒为标,病久则伤及脾肾,由实转虚。中医内治法主要以辨证论治、辨病论治或单方验方为主,外治法以中药洗浴、中药灌肠、肛门给药、针灸为主。中医药治疗本病优势明显。应继续完善对中医药作用机制的认识,制订统一的辨证论治及疗效评价标准,针对效果显著的名方开展研究。     

N-亚硝胺类基因毒性杂质的研究进展

自“缬沙坦事件”之后，N-亚硝胺类基因毒性杂质引起了业界的广泛关注。本文概述了药物中N-亚硝胺类基因毒性杂质和相关检测方法的研究进展，以及近20年来国内外有关药物中基因毒性杂质监管指南的完善历程。N-亚硝胺类基因毒性杂质作为一类高反应活性的基因毒性杂质，主要来源于药物合成过程中发生的副反应，以及药物在储存或者运输过程中发生的氧化或还原等反应。所有的动物实验表明，N-亚硝胺类具有很强的致癌性。在理论上，所有药物都存在N-亚硝胺类杂质或被N-亚硝胺类杂质污染的风险，由于该类化合物在药物中常以痕量形式存在，在分析检测过程中药物基质干扰大，因此建立便捷、高效的分析方法是非常有必要的。     

La Passion Bartleby ou la passion en négatif

Bartleby, by Melville, a pale character who by his strange formula, unleashes passions within and outside the novel. From literature to psychoanalysis via philosophy and psychiatry, the author will go through the various attempts to shed light on this enigmatic passion.     

脊柱化脓性感染动物模型的建立及应用进展

手术部位感染是脊柱手术后常见且非常严重的并发症,严重影响患者的身体健康。尽管手术操作无菌细致,及时给予适当的全身抗生素,但手术部位感染率仍然很高[1-2]。据报道,我国脊柱手术感染的风险从0.5%~7.8%不等[3-4]。糖尿病、肥胖、高血压等疾病显著增加脊柱术后感染,感染后治疗的费用可达10多万美元[5],大大增加了患者的经济负担。     

直接抗病毒药物治疗丙型肝炎合并透析患者的临床应用

丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染在慢性肾功能不全患者中较常见，尤其是在进行透析的患者中，HCV感染较普通患者的风险极大增加，同时还会导致肝细胞癌及肝硬化的发病率明显升高。近年来直接抗病毒药物（DAAs）在慢性丙型肝炎的治疗中取得了较好的疗效及安全性，本文通过总结DAAs在丙型肝炎合并透析患者中的应用进展，发现对于基因1~6型HCV合并透析患者，推荐使用G/P方案；由于索磷布韦（SOF）经肾脏代谢，在重度肾损害人群中的血药浓度较高，因此SOF组合方案并不推荐用于丙型肝炎合并透析患者的治疗。