胰腺疾病CT灌注成像的研究进展

CT灌注作为一种反映组织血管的技术,可结合螺旋CT用于疾病诊断、判断预后以及进行治疗效果的评价。研究结果显示,CT灌注参数在正常胰腺组织及胰腺肿瘤、急性胰腺炎、胰岛细胞瘤中差异,具有显著性统计学意义,但这还处于初步研究阶段,正常和异常组的灌注参数均值和标准误都存在较大范围的交叉,而且不同研究报道的结果也有较大差异,仍需要探索新的更科学的CT灌注参数。这些参数必须充分考虑到不同患者的生理个性,如体质量、身高、年龄、心排血量等等。     

胰源性低血糖的外科诊治

目的 探讨胰源性低血糖症的诊治经验。方法 回顾性分析华山医院１９７３．１￣１９９．２收的５０例胰源性低血糖症的术前定位检查和术后复发原因。结果 典型的Ｗｈｉｐｐｌｅ三联征,发作性的血糖降低与血清胰岛素、Ｃ－肽的反向和或高有助于功能性胰钫 瘤的定性诊断。术前辅助检查如Ｂ超、ＣＴ和ＤＳＡ诊断准确率分别为２７．８％、４６．４＾和６８．８％。术中血糖监测加以仔细仍联合Ｂ超检查对探查和切除功能性胰岛素瘤有重     

Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy

Background: Advanced laparoscopic techniques have been adapted to various surgical pathologies, including pancreatic tumors, with the potential benefits of attenuated surgical trauma, faster recovery, and improved cosmesis. Laparoscopic pancreatic surgery is technically demanding, and thus has not yet gained widespread acceptance. The aim of this study was to review our preliminary experience with laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy for benign and malignant pancreatic pathologies.Methods: A retrospective chart review of consecutive patients with benign and malignant pancreatic tumors who underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy in a university-affiliated department of surgery between 1997 and 2003 was performed. Data relative to demographic and clinical characteristics, indications for surgery, surgical procedure, and postoperative course were recorded.Results: Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy was attempted for 12 patients with benign (n = 8) and malignant (n = 4) pancreatic tumors and successfully completed laparoscopically in 75%, of these cases. Six early postoperative complications (two abscesses, two instances of diabetes mellitus, two pancreatic leaks) developed in three patients. The spleen was successfully preserved in 58% of the cases.Conclusions: This preliminary experience suggests that laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy is a feasible and safe procedure with a morbidity rate comparable with that for the conventional open procedure. However, laparoscopic surgery for malignant pancreatic tumors remains controversial. Larger series with longer follow-up periods are necessary to determine the role of laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of pancreatic pathologies.Presented as a poster at the annual meeting of the Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), Denver, Colorado, 31 March 3–April, 2004     

Laparoscopic pancreatic surgery: Current indications and surgical results

Background: Although minimally invasive surgery has achieved worldwide acceptance in various fields, laparoscopic surgery for pancreatic diseases has been reported only rarely. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes and feasibility of laparoscopic pancreatic surgery. Methods: Fifteen patients, comprising eight men and seven women with an average age of 54 years, underwent laparoscopic pancreatic surgery. Distal pancreatectomy was indicated for solid tumors (n = 4), cystic lesions (n = 3), and chronic pancreatitis (n = 2). Cystogastrostomy was performed for pseudocysts (n = 4) and enucleation for insulinomas (n = 2). The lesions varied in size from 1 to 9 cm (2.9 ± 2.4 cm) and were located in the pancreatic head (n = 2), body (n = 3), or tail (n = 10). For distal pancreatectomy, the splenic artery was divided and the parenchyma was transected with a linear stapler. Laparoscopic ultrasonography was used to determine the distance between the tumor and the main pancreatic duct for enucleation as well as to localize the lesion for distal pancreatectomy. Cystogastrostomy, 4.5 cm in length, was also performed with the linear stapler through the window of the lesser omentum. Results: Mean operation time was 249 ± 70 min (293 ± 58 min in distal pancreatectomy, 185 ± 14 min in enucleation, 204 ± 50 min in cystogastrostomy), and mean blood loss was 138 ± 184 g (213 ± 227 g, 75 ± 35 g, 38 ± 48 g, respectively). Two distal pancreatectomies (13%) were converted to open surgery due to severe peripancreatic inflammation. There was no related mortality, but there were two cases (15%) of pancreatic fistula, one in a distal pancreatectomy case and the other in an enucleation case, and both were treated conservatively. Conclusions: Laparoscopic pancreatic surgery is safe and feasible for patients with benign tumors and cystic lesions.     

Laparoscopic treatment of pancreatic insulinoma

Laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasonography (LUS) have been proposed for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic insulinoma. We present for cases of pancreatic insulinoma approached by laparoscopy guided by LUS. In three cases, insulinomas were in the pancreatic body and in one case in the pancreatic head. All lesions were detected preoperatively by abdominal US and confirmed by computed tomography. Laparoscopy was performed under general anesthesia. LUS was performed using a 10-mm flexible probe. In two cases the adenoma was enucleated using scissors and electrocoagulation, major vessels were controlled using clips, and enucleation was completed using a 30-mm endo-GIA. In one case a laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with spleen preservation was performed. In one case the adenoma was deep in the pancreatic head; minilaparotomy was performed and the adenoma enucleated. Patients were discharged in good health 5–7 days after surgery. The postoperative course was complicated in one case of enucleation by peripancreatic fluid collection that was treated percutaneously. Our experience confirms that accurate localization followed by excision of tumors via the laparoscopic approach constitute a significant advance in the management of insulinoma.     

经动脉灌注化疗或栓塞治疗恶性胰岛素瘤肝转移

目的 探讨经动脉灌注化疗或栓塞治疗恶性胰岛素瘤肝转移的临床效果.方法 对9例恶性胰岛素瘤肝转移患者,采用5-FU、表阿霉素、丝裂霉素C和IL-2的化疗方案进行经导管动脉灌注化疗,2例患者还接受了肝动脉化疗栓塞,共2～8个疗程.结果 所有患者均顺利完成介入治疗,无严重并发症.治疗后临床症状消失或明显改善,显效2例、有效7例;影像学疗效评价显效1例、有效7例、无效1例.结论 经动脉灌注化疗或栓塞治疗恶性胰岛素瘤肝转移安全有效.     

经动脉钙剂刺激试验术前定位诊断胰岛素瘤的价值

目的：评价经动脉钙剂刺激试验对胰岛素瘤术前定位的诊断作用。方法：对16例临床颖为胰岛素胰腺B超和CT检查均阴性的患者，术前应用经动脉钙剂刺激肝静脉取血测定胰岛素（ASVS）的方法进行肿瘤定位。经各供胰动脉分别注射葡萄糖酸钙，在注射前及注射后30，60，90，120，150s分别取2ml肝静脉血测定胰岛素。动脉刺激后血胰岛素水平的峰值超过基础值2倍以上，则确定肿瘤位于该动脉供应的胰腺区域，结果：16例患者，手术和病理证实孤立胰岛素瘤12例和胰岛细胞增生1例，除1例胰岛素瘤外，ASVS对肿瘤均做出了准确定位，另3例经手术探查或随访排除胰岛素瘤，ASVS结果亦为阴性。因此ASVS术前定位胰岛素瘤或胰岛细胞增生的敏性为92．3％（12／13），特异性为100％（3／3），准确性为93．7％（15／16）。结论：经动脉钙剂刺激肝静脉取血测定胰岛素的方法安全准确，适用于其他影像学检查阴性的胰岛素瘤的术前定位。     

胰岛素瘤的诊断和治疗：附30例报告

目的:总结探讨胰岛素瘤的诊断和治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析近11年来治疗的30例胰岛素瘤的临床资料。结果:全组30例均表现Whipple三联征。术前B超，CT，MRI诊断的阳性率分别为34.8 %(8/23)， 58.3 %(7/12)，71.4 %(5/7)，术中B超诊断的阳性率为87.5 %(7/8)。单个肿瘤27例，多发性肿瘤3例。单发者，位于胰头8例,胰体7例,胰尾12例;多发者，1例2枚肿块均位于胰体，另2例均为2枚肿块分别位于胰体和胰尾。行肿瘤局部摘除术21例,胰体尾切除术6例，胰体尾切除术＋脾切除术2例，胰十二指肠切除术1例。良性肿瘤29例，恶性1例。术后胰瘘4例,均经充分引流后治愈。30例术后低血糖症状均消失，随访27例，良性肿瘤术后4年复发1例，再次手术切除胰体肿块后治愈，恶性肿瘤术后3年复发，因腹腔转移死亡。结论:Whipple三联征,测定IRI/G比值是定性诊断的主要依据,术中扪诊联合术中B超是最有效的肿瘤定位手段,肿瘤摘除术仍为胰岛素瘤的主要术式。     

多发性胰岛素瘤的诊断与治疗

目的 总结多发性胰岛素瘤的诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析我院24年来收治的34例多发性胰岛素瘤患者的临床资料.结果 34例患者发生37次多发性胰岛素瘤(3例两次发病均为多发性肿瘤).2例为恶性胰岛素瘤.35.3%(12/34)的病例合并多发性内分泌肿瘤1型(MENI);5例次(13.5%,5/37)为胰岛素瘤合并胰岛细胞增生;16例次(43.2%,16/37)同时存在3个或3个以上的多发性胰岛素瘤;15例次(40.5%,15/37)既往曾发生漏诊;45.2%(57/126)的肿瘤直径小于1 cm;88.9%(112/126)的肿瘤位于胰体尾部.多发肿瘤的局部摘除术适用于48.7%(18/37)的患者.结论 多发性胰岛素瘤体积小,术前的定位检查发现全部肿瘤的阳性率低;对多发性胰岛素瘤的警惕,充分的术中探查,配合血糖监测、细针穿刺活检以及术中冰冻病理检查等措施有助于防止漏诊多发性胰岛素瘤.     

13例胰岛细胞瘤的诊治体会

目的：探讨胰岛细胞瘤的诊断方法及治疗效果。方法：对1994-2006年治疗的13例胰岛细胞瘤患者临床资料进行回顾性分析，总结胰岛细胞瘤的诊断和治疗方法及其结果。结果：本组功能性胰岛细胞瘤9例，均为良性，均有典型的Whipple三联征。2例伴有脑症状，术前B超、CT检查9例，准确定位5例；DSA检查3例，准确定位2例；术中扪诊结合术中B超7例，准确定位7例。无功能性胰岛细胞瘤4例，良性2例，恶性2例．术前B超、CT检查均发现病灶，均需术中冰冻、术后病理才明确诊断。13例均实施手术治疗。结论：术前B超、CT、DSA及术中B超有助于胰岛细胞瘤准确定位，手术切除胰岛细胞瘤可获得满意效果.