Giant insulinoma in a 15-year-old man: A case report

IntroductionGiant insulinomas are extremely rare pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor.Presentation of caseA 15-year-old man presenting with acute onset of lightheadedness was found to have serum glucose of 1.5 mmol/L. The blood collected from the hypoglycemic episode showed an inappropriately high insulin and C-peptide level. Abdominal computerized tomography showed a 12.5 cm well-defined, lobulated hypervascular mass at pancreatic tail, without any evidence of metastasis. En bloc resection with distal pancreatectomy, and splenectomy was successfully performed. The pathological examination confirmed insulinoma, with benign characteristics. Follow-up after the procedure revealed neither hypoglycemic, nor hyperglycemia.ConclusionWe report the youngest case of a giant insulinoma. Despite the size of the tumor, the pathological report confirmed the benign characteristics. However, long-term follow-up is still essential to detect recurrence in the future.     

Expression of Nerve Growth Factor in Human Pancreatic β Cells

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is an important modulator of rat pancreatic β-cell physiology in vitro. In this study, we analysed the expression of NGF, TrkA and insulin in human pancreatic islets from normal, ductal adenocarcinoma and insulinoma-afflicted samples, using double immunofluorescent labelling and confocal microscopy.

We found that in normal human pancreas, insulin and NGF are co-expressed in β cells. Moreover, similar to previous observations in rat, the high affinity NGF receptor TrkA is also expressed in β cells.

Pancreatic β cells in normal islets from adenocarcinoma and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma patients also expressed NGF. In 2 out of 15 exocrine tumour samples, NGF was detected also in the tissue surrounding the islets, while 2 out of 13 adenocarcinoma tumours expressed this growth factor.

In five insulinoma samples, we observed weaker immunofluorescent labelling of insulin and NGF in the neoplastic tissue, compared to the islets not afflicted by the tumour, which may be a consequence of increased hormone secretion rate.

We demonstrate that human β cells express TrkA and NGF. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that NGF modulates insulin secretion through a paracrine/autocrine loop, similar to the one observed in cultured rat β cells.     

胰岛β细胞瘤12例临床分析

目的:探讨胰岛β细胞瘤的临床特点,避免误诊误治.方法:外科手术治疗并经病理确诊的12例胰岛β细胞瘤患者,分析其影像学检查资料、空腹血糖、胰岛素、C肽水平、胰岛素/血糖比值及治疗结果.结果:病理确诊为单发肿瘤11例,多发1例;术前B超检查10例,阳性4例(40％),CT检查10例,阳性9例(90％),核磁共振成像(MRI)检查4例,阳性3例(75％);所有患者空腹血糖范围为0.25～2.90 mmol/L,12例均＜ 3.0 mmol/L;胰岛素水平为4.63～82.09 mIU/L,12例＞3.0 mIU/L;C肽0.26 ～1 100.71 pmol/L,＞200 pmol/L者4例;低血糖发作时胰岛素释放指数＞0.4者7例(58％),5例胰岛素释放指数小于0.4,占总例数的42％;本组患者均为良性肿瘤,手术后均治愈.结论:当患者反复出现低血糖反应或不明原因神经精神症状时,应监测血糖,及时发现低血糖症并追究低血糖发生的原因,避免漏诊及误诊胰岛素β细胞瘤.     

功能性胰岛素瘤的外科临床诊疗分析

目的探讨功能性胰岛素瘤的外科诊疗方法。方法回顾性分析1990年1月至2006年12月有明显临床症状的,经手术治疗、病理证实的36例功能性胰岛素瘤患者的临床资料。结果在功能性胰岛素瘤患者中良性胰岛素瘤病例最多见,共27例,占全部病例的75%;恶性胰岛素瘤6例,胰岛细胞增殖症2例。在B超、CT、MRI、内镜超声等影像学检查中,术中B超阳性发现和定位准确率均为92.3%。所有病例均行手术治疗,7例行胰十二指肠切除术,17例行胰体尾切除术,12例行单纯瘤体摘除术,术后症状改善明显,复发率低。结论术中B超是诊断和定位胰岛素瘤最有效的诊断方法,手术规范切除是治疗功能性胰岛素瘤的有效方法,其预后良好。     

胰岛素瘤切除术后出现糖尿病一例

患者发作性意识不清5年,多于空腹发作.入院后发作2次,血糖分别为0.92、1.04 mmol/L,胰岛素28.68、30.86 mU/L,补糖后缓解.CT示胰尾部一直径1.3 cm占位,诊断胰岛素瘤,肿瘤切除术后持续高血糖,诊断T2DM.     

胰岛素瘤切除术围手术期血糖监测的临床意义

【摘要】 目的 探讨胰岛素瘤切除术的围术期管理。方法 回顾性分析本院5年来通过手术治疗胰岛素瘤患者的临床资料。结果 18例患者中男6例,女12例,均有典型的Whipple三联征。15例行开放性肿瘤切除术,3例行腹腔镜下肿瘤切除术。开腹手术采用硬膜外麻醉复合气管内全麻,腹腔镜手术采用单纯气管内全麻。根据术中不同的血糖管理方式将患者分为两组:持续泵注组(C组,n=10)术中静脉泵注50%葡萄糖溶液,根据血糖调节输注速度,维持血糖在3.0~6.0 mmol·L-1;非持续泵注组(NC组,n=8)未予持续泵注葡萄糖,仅在血糖低于2.8 mmol·L-1时才静脉推注50%葡萄糖50 mL。术中每隔15分钟监测一次血糖,肿瘤切除前30 min停止给糖。所有患者术中患者生命体征平稳。持续泵注葡萄糖组肿瘤切除前后血糖控制较非持续泵注稳定(P<0.05)。结论 胰岛素瘤手术时采用持续泵注葡萄糖能够稳定手术过程中血糖水平,肿瘤切除前静脉泵注50%葡萄糖可以避免肿瘤切除前后血糖急剧波动。     

多发胰岛素瘤1例

患者男,55岁。主诉反复心慌、发抖、出汗3个月就诊。3个月来患者饭量、就餐次数均增加并明显发胖,但却总有饥饿感。发病来患者癫痫发作两次。查体:反应稍迟钝。实验室检查:空腹血糖2.6mmol/L,葡萄糖耐量试验呈低平曲线。行胰腺薄层CT平扫同周围胰腺密度相近,不能区分。增强后于     

腹腔镜治疗功能性胰岛素瘤的临床应用疗效：附11例报告

背景与目的:胰岛素瘤是最常见的功能性胰岛细胞肿瘤,手术是唯一能治愈的方法。随着技术与设备的发展,腹腔镜下手术已被医患所认可。本研究旨在探讨腹腔镜胰岛素瘤切除术的可行性及疗效。方法:回顾性分析2016年7月—2019年5月笔者所在单位行腹腔镜胰岛素瘤切除术的11例患者的围手术期临床资料及随访资料。结果:11例患者中,男4例,女7例;就诊时年龄21～62岁,平均44.8岁;病程8 d至4年,术前定性、定位诊断均为胰岛素瘤。10例在腹腔镜下成功切除肿瘤,其中行胰岛素瘤切除术8例(胰腺颈部2枚,体部5枚,尾部2枚);2例行胰体尾切除术(胰腺体部1枚,尾部1枚)。11例均行术中腹腔镜超声检查,10例患者发现肿瘤,共11枚,1例腹腔镜超声未探及肿瘤,终止手术。手术时间85.0～380.0 min,术中出血量10.0～530.0 mL。肿瘤切除30 min后,血糖升高1.5～2.3 mmol/L;术后第1天清晨血糖3.9～10.4 mmol/L,出院时血糖2.4～12.8 mmol/L。术后病理均为良性胰岛素瘤。3例术后出现并发症,1例出现胰瘘(A级),2例出现反跳性高血糖。术后住院时间5.0～15.0 d。随访10～43个月,完整切除肿瘤的10例患者,低血糖症状完全消失,无肿瘤复发。结论:胰颈、体尾部表面及适合胰体尾切除的良性胰岛素瘤,腹腔镜下手术切除安全、有效、创伤小,临床可推广应用。     

胰岛素瘤的诊断与治疗

目的 总结胰岛素瘤的临床特点和诊治经验,并讨论其诊治方法.方法 回顾性分析了1997年1月至2012年1月间收治的32例胰岛素瘤的临床表现和辅助检查等特点,并结合文献讨论胰岛素瘤诊治的有关问题.结果 32例患者均有Whipple三联征,术前B超、CT、数字减影血管造影（DSA）定性诊断的准确率分别为28.1％ （9/32）、64.0％ （16/25）、90.0％ （9/10）,术中B超为100％ （9/9）.肿瘤局部摘除术20例,胰体尾切除术7例（加做脾切除3例）,胰尾切除术4例,原发性肝癌并胰腺部分切除术1例.结论 准确的术前定位及定性检查有助于术中选择合理的手术方式,术中超声是胰岛素瘤最有效的定位诊断方法.胰岛素瘤一经确诊,须尽快手术治疗.行肿瘤摘除术是治疗良性胰岛素瘤的最佳方式,能够降低术后并发症发生率.     

Insulinoma: an Evaluation by a Single Institution

Introduction: Insulinoma is a rare pancreatic islet cell tumour that is associated with hypoglycaemia. Diagnosis of the disease, localisation of the tumour and surgical therapy may be challenging and the aim of this study is to evaluate the problems concerning insulinoma.

Materials and methods: The surgical records of patients who were operated on for insulinoma at Hacettepe University Department of General Surgery between January 1980 and December 2006 were evaluated retrospectively. The evaluated parameters were the gender and ages of the patients with symptoms, signs, diagnostic tools and surgical methods. Results: Twenty-six patients were included in the study. There were 17 male and nine female patients. The median age was 34. The median diagnostic period was 285 days. Abdominal computer tomography was the most frequently used diagnostic method. A total of 15 enucleations, nine distal pancreatectomies and three pancreaticoduodenectomies were performed. Histopathologically most of the tumours were benign islet cell tumours.

Conclusions: There are still difficulties in the diagnosis, localisation and histopathologic evaluation of insulinoma. Appropriate pre-operative evaluation, through exploration and palpation of the pancreas during the surgery, as well as experienced centres are important to increase the success of the surgery of insulinoma.