糖基化终末产物对大鼠肾系膜细胞纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1表达韵影响

目的：观察糖基化终末产物（AGEs）对大鼠肾系膜细胞纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1（PAI-1）表达的影响及其与细胞外基质（ECM）成分含量的关系。方法：体外培养正常大鼠肾系膜细胞，分别用糖化牛血清白蛋白（AGEs）及未经糖化的牛血清白蛋白（BSA）处理，以常规培养的肾系膜细胞作为对照，检测不同时间、不同浓度AGEs对纤维连接蛋白（FN）、Ⅳ型胶原、PAI-1表达的影响。MTT法检测AGEs对系膜细胞增殖的作用，ELISA测定条件培养基中FN、Ⅳ型胶原及PAI-1蛋白含量，逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT—PCR）检测系膜细胞PAI-1 mRNA的表达。结果：与相应浓度的BSA比较，AGEs（0—200mg／L）对系膜细胞增殖无明显影响，但可不同程度地刺激系膜细胞FN、Ⅳ型胶原、PAI-1蛋白的产生。RT—PCR检测显示，给予AGEs（100mg／L）的系膜细胞PAI-1 mRNA的表达明显增加（P〈0．01）。结论：AGEs促进系膜细胞PAI—1的表达，提示AGEs通过上调PAI-1的表达而减少细胞外基质降解，可能是糖尿病肾病细胞外基质积聚的原因之一。     

糖尿病肾病临床研究述评

本文从中医病名、病因病机、诊断标准、临床分期、疗效评定、辨证论治、临床科研七个方面对糖尿病肾病的研究进行了述评。指出：糖尿病肾病的中医病名、诊断、分期及疗效评定标准亟待统一；立足于临床实际，参考现代医学有关认识，应用ＤＭＥ方法，开展糖尿病肾病临床和实验研究，深入探讨其病因病机和证治规律，在中医基本理论指导下，大胆创新，是提高临床疗效的关键；分期辨证论治较为符合疾病的发展规律，便于寻找防治糖尿病肾病的有效方法。     

Heart rate fluctuations in diabetic patients with cardiac vagal dysfunction: a spectral analysis

The autonomic nervous control of cardiac function during active orthostatic load has been studied by measuring the power spectrum of heart rate fluctuations in 16 insulin-dependent diabetic patients and 14 age-matched control subjects. The patients were subdivided into two groups: 8 with normal respiratory sinus dysrhythmia (RSA+) and 8 with reduced respiratory sinus dysrhythmia (RSA-). In RSA- patients the total power (0.01-0.50 Hz) was significantly reduced compared with control subjects (4.7 versus 15.5 min-2, 2p less than 0.05) and the pattern of heart rate fluctuations was characterized by a relative increase in the low-frequency component (0.01-0.05 Hz) as compared with RSA+ patients and control subjects (45% versus 24% and 27%, both 2p less than 0.01). There was also a significant reduction in the high-frequency component (0.15-0.50 Hz) as compared with RSA+ patients and control subjects (17% versus 36% and 33%, both 2p less than 0.05). During standing, a significant increase in total power was found only in control subjects (2p less than 0.01) and the difference between control subjects, and RSA+ and RSA- patients reached significance (32.2 versus 15.1 and 12.7 min-2, 2p less than 0.02 and 2p less than 0.01). The pattern of heart rate fluctuations in RSA- patients showed no significant change on standing. These results suggest that the reduced overall heart rate variability in diabetic patients with cardiac autonomic neuropathy is associated with a typical heart rate fluctuation pattern.     

Ethnic minorities in British diabetic clinics: a questionnaire survey

A questionnaire was sent by the British Diabetic Association to hospital consultant physicians caring for diabetic patients in the UK to estimate the number of ethnic minority patients attending British Diabetic clinics, and the availability of special facilities for their care. Sixty-two clinics were estimated to have at least 50 Asian patients, and 25 had at least 200 Asian patients. For Afro-Caribbeans the corresponding figures were 33 and 14 clinics, respectively. Clinics serving a relatively high proportion of these patient groups were situated primarily in Greater London, the Midlands and the North West. Approximately 40% of clinics with over 50 Asians had no specifically adapted diet sheets, and 34% had no hospital interpreter service. Tapes, slides or video presentations were available in only eight clinics. There is an urgent need to improve the provision of special facilities to clinics with substantial numbers of ethnic minority patients.     

Simultaneous noninvasive evaluation of gastric emptying and orocaecal transit times

Summary The aim of the study was to use a novel combination of two methods for the simultaneous evaluation of two effects of oral cisapride in 10 diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy; gastric emptying time was measured by following radio-opaque markers and orocaecal transit time by the sulphasalazine-sulphapridine method. The study was of double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over design.It was possible to evaluate the effect of a prokinetic drug on gastric emptying and orocaecal transit times using these two noninvasive techniques at the same time. Cisapride significantly reduced both the gastric emptying (1.2 h versus 2.1 h) and orocaecal tansit (5.9 h versus 7.7 h) times.     

科素亚与洛汀新治疗Ⅳ期糖尿病肾病蛋白尿的疗效比较

目的比较ARB类与ACEI类减少Ⅳ期糖尿病肾病尿蛋白的疗效。方法100例糖尿病肾病Ⅳ期患者随机分为2组,分别应用科素亚、洛汀新治疗8周,检测并对比实验前后24 h尿蛋白总量。结果科素亚与洛汀新对降低Ⅳ期糖尿病肾病患者尿蛋白量的效果相似。结论ARB与ACEI类药物减少Ⅳ期糖尿病肾病患者尿蛋白量的疗效无差异。     

已酮可可碱对神经病理性疼痛大鼠的镇痛作用及机制

目的观察已酮可可碱（PTX）对神经病理性疼痛大鼠的镇痛作用及其机制。方法成年雄性SD大鼠96只随机分为假手术组、慢性坐骨神经结扎损伤（CCI）组和PTX组，CCI组和PTX组按Bennett法建立CCI模型．PTX组于术前1d开始至取材点每天腹腔注射PTX 100mg／kg．假手术组注射相同容积的生理盐水，CCI组造模后不做任何处理。于手术后1、3、7、11、14、21d用von-Frey filaments测定机械性痛觉过敏（MWT），按Hargreaves法测定热痛觉过敏（TWL）；并于1、7、14、21d时处死大鼠，取腰段脊髓用双抗体夹心ELISA法测定细胞因子含量。结果与假手术组相比，CCI模型大鼠机械痛阈于术后1d开始下降，7d最显著，热痛阈3d时下降最显著（P〈0．01）。PTX组痛阈在各时间点均较CCI组显著升高（P〈0．05）。CCI后1d即出现IL-6、TNFα、IL-1β蛋白含量升高，于术后7d达到高峰，14d时仍然较高（p〈0．05）。TNFα和IL-1β于术后21d明显下降至接近基础值，但IL-6表达一直持续至术后21d。PTX组脊髓细胞因子含量明显低于CCI组（P〈0．05）。结论PTX可显著抑制神经病理性疼痛，此作用与其抑制脊髓细胞因子表达有关。     

微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛的预后影响因素研究

目的　探讨影响微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛手术疗效的因素。方法　分析 6 2例经微血管减压术治疗的三叉神经痛患者的临床特征、术中所见和术后疗效。血管对神经根的压迫程度分为单纯接触、接触和移位、单纯粘连、粘连和移位、萎缩五种。手术疗效包括术后疼痛立即缓解、延迟缓解、明显减轻和无效。结果　 6 2例患者起病时均表现为典型三叉神经痛 ,但在术前 17例已经转变为不典型。术中发现压迫血管与三叉神经根之间单纯接触 14例、接触和移位 7例、单纯粘连 15例、粘连和移位 18例、萎缩 8例。术后平均随访 14个月 ,疼痛在术后立即缓解 32例 (5 1 6 % ) ,延迟缓解 17例 (2 7 4 % ) ,明显减轻 11例 (17 7% ) ,无效 2例。结论　病程短、症状典型、以动脉压迫为主且能够充分减压的患者 ,术后多能获得好的疗效。相反 ,以静脉压迫为主 ,病程长及症状不典型的患者 ,术后疗效多不理想