Remote-controlled catheter ablation of accessory pathways: results from the magnetic laboratory.

AIMS: This study evaluates feasibility, safety, and efficacy of magnetic remote-controlled accessory pathway (AP) ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS: The novel magnetic navigation system (MNS) (Niobe, Stereotaxis) creates a steerable magnetic field (0.08 T) controlling the distal magnetic tip of an ablation catheter. In conjunction with a catheter advancer system (Cardiodrive, Stereotaxis) remote catheter ablation is enabled. Conventional electrophysiology study identified AP conduction in 59 patients (37 males, 36+/-14 years, 60 APs). First generation 1-magnet tip (1-M) (group I, n=18), second generation bipolar 3-magnet tip (3-M) (group II, n=27), and third generation quadripolar 3-magnet tip catheters (3-M quad.) (group III, n=14) were used for magnetic remote-controlled ablation. Successful AP ablation was achieved in 67% (group I), 85% (group II), and 92% (group III). A significant decrease of median [IQR: Q1-Q3] fluoroscopy time and dosage was observed: 21.2 [12.1-33.8] min, 1110 [395-3234] microGym2 (group I); 6.5 [4.4-15.4] min, 290 [129-489] microGym2 (group II), and 4.9 [3.4-8.0] min, 129 [74-270] microGym2 (group III). Mean procedure time (217+/-67 min; 182+/-68 min, and 172+/-90 min) significantly decreased in group III. Median number [Q1-Q3] of radiofrequency current applications in groups I, II, and III was 4 [2-9], 4 [2-6], and 2 [2-4], respectively. No complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Remote AP ablation is safe and feasible using the novel MNS. Introduction of the 3-magnet quadripolar ablation catheter significantly improved the efficacy of the procedure.     

射频消融术后尿潴留患者的护理

分析86例射频消融术后患者出现尿潴留的不同原因，包括不习惯床上排尿、精神因素、疼痛等。护理对策包括：减少卧床时间，心理护理，变换体位，物理诱导，术后多饮水等，结果81例患者排尿成功，只有5例(5．8％)男性前列腺肥大患者需要导尿。     

TUVP手术时间对血红蛋白及电解质的影响

目的 了解经尿道前列腺汽化电切手术时间对血红蛋白及血清电解质的影响。方法 对64例经尿道前列腺汽化电切术患按手术时间分组，观察手术前后血红蛋白及血清电解质的变化。结果 手术时间对血清电解质的降低有的影响，对血红蛋白降低的影响不显。结论 减少TUR综合征的关键是要操作熟练，缩短手术时间及手术中注意止血。     

微波子宫内膜去除术治疗异常子宫出血34例疗效观察

目的探讨微波子宫内膜去除术(microwave endometrial ablation,MEA)治疗异常子宫出血的疗效及安全性。方法采用微波子宫内膜去除术治疗异常子宫出血患者34例,其中功能失调性子宫出血18例,子宫肌瘤16例。结果34例患者术后完成随访3-24个月,闭经19例(55.88％),明显改善7例(20.59％),改善7例(20.59％),月经未改善1例(2.94％),术后随访3月月经过多症状消失,治疗有效率达100％;随访2年后仍达93.3％。结论微波子宫内膜去除术是一种新的治疗异常子宫出血的方法,简便、快速、安全,并发症少。避免了宫腔镜子宫内膜电切术的液体灌注、手术中出血以及子宫穿孔的危险,并取得与之相似甚至更好的疗效。     

Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of the Anterosuperior and Posteroinferior Atrial Approaches to the AV Node for Treatment of AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia

Catheter Ablation Techniques in AVNRT. Radiofrequency catheter ablation has been established as a first-line curative treatment modality in patients with symptomatic AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). The successful sites of stepwise catheter ablation approaches of the so-called fast and slow pathways strongly suggest that AVNRT involves the atrial approaches to the AV node. The typical fast pathway ablation sites are located anterosuperior toward the apex of the triangle of Koch, which also contains the compact AV node, whereas the usual slow pathway ablation sites are located posteroinferior toward the base of the triangle of Koch at a greater distance to the compact AV node and bundle of His. Accordingly, ablation studies with large patient cohorts have demonstrated that fast pathway ablation carries a higher risk of inadvertent complete AV block. Thus, the slow pathway is clearly the primary target site, and fast pathway ablation is rarely necessary. Different approaches for slow pathway ablation have been elaborated: anatomically oriented stepwise techniques, ablation guided by double potentials recorded within the area of the slow pathway insertion, and combined techniques. The modern concept of AVNRT suggests that this arrhythmia involves the highly complex three-dimensional nonuniform anisotropic AV junctional area. Accordingly, mapping and ablation studies demonstrated that the anterior approach is not identical with fast pathway ablation, and the posterior approach is not identical with slow pathway ablation. Therefore, it is essential for interventional electrophysiologists to familiarize themsdves with the anatomic and electrophysiologic details of this complex and variable specialized AV junctional region. In this review, the anatomic and pathophysiologic aspects of the AV junctional area as they relate to interventional therapy are summarized briefly, and the catheter techniques for ablation of the so-called fast and slow AV nodal pathways for the treatment of AVNRT are described.     

Severe twin-twin transfusion syndrome: outcome after fetoscopic laser ablation of the placental vascular equator

Objective  To assess the safety and efficacy of a modified fetoscopic laser ablation technique for the management of severe twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) in a large series of pregnancies.
Design  Prospective cohort study.
Setting  Tertiary referral fetal medicine unit.
Population  Women with pregnancies complicated by severe TTTS (Quintero stage III or IV), before 26 weeks of gestation.
Methods  Fetoscopic laser ablation of placental anastomoses was performed. The sonoendoscopic approach was used to identify the placental vascular equator and to photocoagulate crossing vessels.
Main outcome measures  Overall survival, fetal and perinatal mortalities, gestational age at delivery, birthweight, operating time and recurrence of TTTS.
Results  A total of 77 women underwent the procedure. The mean gestational age at treatment was 20 (range 16–26) weeks. On average, four vessels were ablated during each procedure, with a mean operative time of 15 (range 5–25) minutes. None of the women required a repeat fetoscopic laser treatment for recurrence of the TTTS. There was at least one survivor in 74% (57/77) of pregnancies, and the overall survival rate was 57% (88/154).
Conclusions  Fetoscopic laser ablation is a safe and effective form of treatment in the management of severe TTTS. The technique of identifying the common villous district of the placenta by ultrasound and photocoagulating any vessels crossing the vascular equator appears to be an acceptable alternative to both the nonselective and highly selective methods described so far. This approach is associated with a short operating time, low likelihood of TTTS recurrence or fetal anaemia and with survival results that are equivalent to previously reported techniques.     

射频消融治疗室上性心动过速10例报告

作者报告了１０例室上性心动过速，共１１条径路的射频消融的成功经验。介绍了左侧显性旁路、隐匿性旁路及房室结双径路射频导管改良的基本方法以及定位标准。     

超声引导经皮肝穿刺射频治疗肝癌

目的　探讨经皮肝穿刺射频治疗肝癌的有效性、安全性和肿瘤局部的控制情况。　方法　采用RF2 0 0 0射频治疗仪在超声引导下将射频电极放置于肝肿瘤内进行治疗。　结果　 (1) 30例肝癌患者 (肿瘤病灶直径 <5 cm及 >5 cm各 2 3个 )经过治疗 ,肿瘤完全缓解和部分缓解率占 5 4 .3% (2 5 /46 )。半年生存率为 93.3% ,1年生存率为 75 %。 (2 ) 2例出现肿瘤细胞针道种植转移 ,其他未见严重并发症。　结论　射频治疗肝癌是一种安全、有效的方法。对于肿瘤直径 <5 cm的肝癌治疗效果较佳 ;对于肿瘤直径 >5 cm者 ,应配合其他局部介入的综合治疗     

QT间期校正和QT离散度检测方法的探讨

目的　探讨QT间期校正方法和心率、QRS时间、描记纸速对QT离散度 (QTd)的影响。方法　(1)对比分析 5 0例纸速 2 5mm·s-1和 5 0mm·s-1描记时QT间期和QTd;(2 )对比分析 5 0例室上性心动过速(SVT)发作时和发作前QT间期 ,并比较QTC、QTLC、QTFC三种方法校正结果 ;(3)对比分析 5 0例SVT发作时与发作前QTd;(4)对比分析 2 0例显性预激综合征消融旁路前后QTd。结果　 (1)在SVT时QTC 出现假性延长 ,QTLC、QTFC有助克服上述假象 ;(2 ) 2 5mm·s-1与 5 0mm·s-1纸速QTd、SVT发作时与发作前QTd、显性预激射频消融前后QTd,均无显著性差异。结论　QT间期受心率影响 ,但QTd 不受心率影响 ;对QT间期校正建议应修改QTC,试用QTLC或QTFC。     

导管射频消融治疗飞行员快速心律失常临床分析

目的探讨导管射频消融（RFCA）在治疗飞行员多种快速性心律失常中的安全性及临床应用价值，探讨飞行员快速性心律失常的航空医学鉴定标准。方法对13例快速性心律失常的飞行员进行了电生理（EP）检查，特发性室性心动过速（VT）1例，频发室性期前收缩（VE）2例，阵发性心房纤颤（AF）1例，房室折返性心动过速（AVRT）5例，房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）3例，房性心动过速（AT）1例。对其中12例采用RFCA治疗。结果RFCA即刻成功率为100％，全组无并发症发生。1例房性心动过速未行导管射频消融治疗。所有飞行员术后地面观察6个月后，返院进行随访复查，同时进行飞行鉴定。12例导管射频消融治疗，术后6个月24h动态心电图、12导联心电图检查和食道电生理检查均未检测到术前的同型快速性心律失常发作，延迟成功率为100％，医学鉴定合格。1例AT仍有发作，飞行不合格。结论对于飞行员快速性心律失常进行导管射频消融治疗是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。心脏电生理检查应作为飞行员快速性心律失常医学鉴定的主要指标之一。