避孕措施与细菌性阴道病关系的研究

目的：探讨避孕措施与细菌性阴道病（BV）的关系，为预防BV、指导选择避孕措施提供依据。方法：对某医院妇科门诊接受计划生育服务的育龄妇女非选择性地进行BV筛检。以筛检出的267例BV患者为病例组，其余478例未患BV且无BV史的妇女为对照组进行病例对照研究。结果：与未采用避孕措施者比较，单因素logistic回归分析显示：BV与IUD有正关联，而与避孕套、口服避孕药（OC）无关联。经婚姻状况、性卫生、性行为习惯调整后，BV与IUD的关联仍有统计学意义（OR=2．364，95％C1：1．216～3．620），但与OC及避孕套使用无关。同IUD使用者比较，BV与避孕套使用呈负关联，调整后的OR=0．299（95％C1：0．158～0．566）；BV与OC使用间无关联。结论：使用IUD与未采用避孕措施者比较可能增加BV发生的危险，而避孕套使用者发生BV危险低于IUD使用者。无论从避孕还是预防BV角度，避孕套均是一种较好的选择。     

不同软组织厚度种植体的临床观察

目的:观察不同软组织厚度种植体修复后半年内临床状况的变化,分析种植体周围软组织厚度是否对种植体周围炎的发生和发展有影响。方法:在种植义齿上基台前,测量30个Frialit-2种植体周围软组织厚度(GH),并根据厚度分为3组:GH≤2mm组、2mm4mm组,同时选择10颗天然健康牙齿作对照,于种植体戴固后半年,检测改良菌斑指数(mPLI)、改良龈沟出血指数(mBI)、探诊深度(PD)、龈下菌斑中螺旋体比例(S%)、种植体周骨丧失(BL),并对检测结果进行统计学分析。结果:与其他各组相比,修复后半年时GH>4mm组的龈沟出血指数(mBI)、探诊深度(PD)、种植体周骨吸收量(BL)、龈下菌斑中螺旋体比例(S%)均有明显增高,统计学处理有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:种植体周围软组织厚度过大可能会增加种植体周围炎发病的风险。     

Occupational allergic contact dermatitis and composition of acrylates in dentin bonding systems

Background Dentin-bonding systems contain sensitizing acrylates. They are increasingly used in dentistry, but only few cases of allergy have been encountered. Objective This study reports observations on eleven patients sensitized by acrylates in dentin-bonding compounds. Furthermore, the composition of dentin-bonding products was analysed and compared with the information given in the material safety data sheets. Methods Patch testing was performed to reveal allergic contact dermatitis, and chamber provocation tests to reveal possible respiratory sensitivity. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to analyse the chemical composition of the bonding products. Results The most common sensitizer in our material of eleven patients was 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA). Another putative sensitizer, BIS-GMA, used in dentin adhesives, did not cause sensitization. The typical allergic dermatitis localized to the fingertips (pulpitis). Seven of the eleven patients also developed paresthesia of the fingertips. One patient with positive patch test reactions to (meth)acrylates had pharyngitis hut no skin symptoms. One patient was sensitized because she had been patch tested with too high a concentration (undiluted) of dentin-bonding components. Material safety sheets gave inaccurate or wrong information about the contents. Conclusion Dentin-bonding acrylates are strong sensitizers, and even a single exposure may sensitize.     

学龄儿童掌指骨发育某些正常变异的观察

１９８０年和１９９０年对１２５９名城乡７～１２岁学龄儿童掌指骨发育的正常变异进行了观察。结果证实，小指中节骨发育变异的检出率最高（总检出率１４．７％），且男女儿童１９９０年此率均高于１９８０年（Ｐ＜０．０５），反映城市儿童该变异近１０年有增高的趋势；１９９０年男女学龄儿童小指中节骨变异检出率城市明显高于农村（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ⅱ掌骨副骨骺总检出率３．８％，指骨骺核硬化总检出率２．２％，这两种变异男性明显高于女性．且无城乡差异。本观察各年龄组小指中节骨的变异同骨龄无规律性联系。     

The influence of clinical problems, age and social support on outcomes for elderly persons referred to regional aged care assessment teams

Abstract Background: Aged Care Assessment Teams (ACATs) have been established throughout Australia during the past seven years. Early studies of their effect have concentrated on their impact on the rate of institutionalisation of disabled elderly, the clinical characteristics of referred cases and the relationship between disability and recommended care plan. Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between age, clinical features and social characteristics of AC AT subjects with outcomes at 12 months after assessment. Methods: The examination of an arbitrary sample of persons referred to ACATs over a year by one generalist geriatrician with follow-up of all cases by the three ACATs associated with the study was carried out. All analyses were performed on raw data presented as categorical variables in the form of contingency tables. Results: The sample included 324 subjects who suffered from 2030 clinical problems with a mean of 6.5 per person aged 75 or over and 5.5 for those under 75. Cardiovascular and neurological disease were the commonest source of problems. Study of accommodation outcome at 12 months, for those subjects who survived this period revealed that, in the older group, over 60% of subjects with neurological disease were resident in nursing homes while the majority of all other groups remained in the community, as did two-thirds of those aged under 75. Admission to a nursing home was independent of social support for older subjects with neurological disease, but it played a significant role in those with cardiopulmonary or musculoskeletal disease. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that for one-year survivors there is an increased likelihood of admission to a nursing home of people aged 75 or over with neurological disease, while those under 75 were more likely to remain at home. The association was independent of whether spouse, family or friends were living with the subject. (Aust NZ J Med 1994; 24: 378–385.)     

月经初潮与骨龄及发育指标研究

本文研究了兰州市区6～17周岁女生360人的骨龄、身高、体重、胸围等项发育指标与月经初潮的关系,结果表明:已来潮女生各种发育指标均高于同龄未来潮者(P<0.01)。未来潮比已来潮者骨龄相差1.1岁,身高相差7.21cm,体重相差5.46kg,胸围相差3.65cm。平均初潮骨龄为13.45岁,初潮骨龄标准误差、最大-最小值及变异系数均小于生物年龄,说明初潮与骨龄关系最密切,用骨龄估计月经初潮最为准确可靠。初潮一般在拇籽骨出现15.7月内来潮。     

Effect of Population Aging on the International Organ Donation Rates and the Effectiveness of the Donation Process

This study analyzed the effect of population aging on organ donation for transplants in 43 countries and on the effectiveness of the donation process by comparing the results between Spain and the United States. The percentage of the population aged 65 or over accounted for 33% of the difference in the donation rates between the countries and for 91% of the variation in the rates after age adjustment. However, the level of aging of the Spanish (16.5%) and American (12.3%) populations failed to account for the percentages of deceased donors 65 or over (28% vs. 10%), due to the different age-specific donation rates, much higher in Spain above 50 years. These differences lead to a higher effectiveness of the process in the United States (3.1 transplanted organs per donor vs. 2.5 in Spain), though at lower rates of transplant per million population (73 vs. 87). We conclude that older populations have a greater donation potential as donation rates are strongly associated with population aging. It should therefore be mandatory to adjust donation rates for age before making comparisons. Additionally, effectiveness decreases with older donors, so age should be considered when establishing standards relating to organ donation and effectiveness of the process.     

Selective Use of Older Adults in Right Lobe Living Donor Liver Transplantation

Many centers are reluctant to use older donors (>44 years) for adult right-lobe living donor liver transplantation (RLDLT) due to concerns about possible increased morbidity in donors and poorer outcomes in recipients. Since 2000, 130 adult RLDLTs have been performed at our institution. Recipients were divided into those who received a right lobe graft from a donor ≤age 44 (n = 89, 68%; median age 30) and those who received a liver graft from a donor age >44 (n = 41, 32%; mean age 52). The two donor and recipient populations had similar demographic and operative profiles. With a median follow-up of 29 months, the severity and number of complications in older donors were similar to those in younger donors. No living donor died. Older donor allografts had initial allograft dysfunction compared to younger donors. Complication rates were similar among recipients in both groups but there was a higher bile duct stricture rate with older donor grafts (27% vs. 12%; p = 0.04). One-year recipient graft survival was 86% for older donors and 85% for younger donors (p = 0.95). Early experience with the use of selected older adults (>44 years) for RLDLT is encouraging, but may be associated with a higher rate of biliary complications in the recipient.     

认知疗法并用文拉法新缓释剂治疗老年抑郁症的对照研究

目的探讨认知疗法在老年抑郁症治疗中的作用。方法将70例老年抑郁症患者随机分为两组,A组为认知疗法合并文拉法新缓释剂治疗组;B组为单纯用文拉法新缓释剂治疗组。于治疗前后分别用汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、疗效总评量表(CGI-GI)评定疗效,半年后随访。结果A、B组的HAMD评分于治疗2周末呈非常显著下降(P<0.01),HAMA于治疗4周末出现这种变化(P<0.01)。A组治疗8周末的3个量表评分均显著低于B组(P<0.01),A组有效率达87.5%,高于B组的60.61%(P<0.05),半年复发率(6.25%)也显著低于B组(30.3%)。结论认知疗法是适合老年抑郁症的心理治疗方法。     

The Evolution of Nonimmune Histological Injury and Its Clinical Relevance in Adult-Sized Kidney Grafts in Pediatric Recipients

To describe the evolution, risk factors and impact of nonimmune histological injury after pediatric kidney transplantation, we analyzed 245 renal allograft protocol biopsies taken regularly from the time of transplantation to 2 years thereafter in 81 consecutive rejection-free pediatric recipients of an adult-sized kidney. Isometric tubular vacuolization was present early after transplantation was not progressive, and was associated with higher tacrolimus pre-dose trough levels. Chronic tubulo-interstitial damage and tubular microcalcifications were already noted at 3 months, were progressive and had a greater association with small recipient size, male donor gender, higher donor age and female recipient gender, but not with tacrolimus exposure. Renal function assessment showed that older recipients had a significant increase in absolute glomerular filtration rate with time after transplantation, which differed from small recipients who showed no increase. It is concluded that progressive, functionally relevant, nonimmune injury is detected early after adult-sized kidney transplantation in pediatric recipients. Renal graft ischemia associated with the donor-recipient size discrepancy appears to be a greater risk factor for this chronic histological injury, suggesting that the exploration of additional therapeutic approaches to increase allograft perfusion could further extend the graft survival benefit of adult-sized kidneys transplanted into small children.