The Relationship of a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicobacter heilmannii</Emphasis> Infection to the Mucosal Changes in Abattoir and Laboratory Pig Stomach

Purpose A pig ulcer model in which ulceration is reproducibly induced in the pars oesophagea (a tongue of the oesophageal squamous epithelium that extends into the pig stomach) by bile duct ligation (BDL) was used in this study to determine whether Helicobacter heilmannii (Hh) is a predisposing factor in the ulceration of this region. The infection with Hh and its relationship to ulceration and mucus integrity was examined.Methods We microscopically investigated the occurrence of spontaneous pars oesophageal ulceration in 33 pigs from a local abattoir and 5 pigs nurtured in pens in our surgical laboratory (JSM). Further groups of 5 and 6 JSM pigs underwent a sham operation and a BDL, respectively. Giemsa staining was used to detect Hh and purified mucin was characterized by gel filtration.Results Ten of 33 and 2 of 5 of the stomachs of abattoir and JSM pigs, respectively, were positive for Hh by Giemsa stain. Three of the 33 abattoir pigs showed ulceration in the pars oesophagea and none of these was Hh-positive. All six of the bile duct-ligated pigs showed ulceration in the pars but only 2 of these were Giemsa-positive. Only 8 of 33 of the abattoir pigs had 50% large polymeric mucin that was eluted in the void/excluded volume of a Sepharose 2B column.Conclusions There was no consistent correlation between an infection of the pig stomachs by Hh, an ulceration of the pars oesophagea, and mucin degradation. There was a significant difference between the percentage of polymeric mucin from the abattoir pigs and that of the JSM group (P < 0.003), the JSM group vs sham-operated pigs (P < 0.011), and JSM vs BDL pigs (P < 0.0005), but there appeared to be no association between the infectivity with Hh and mucin degradation.     

Ginsenoside RB<Subscript>1</Subscript> the anti-ulcer constituent from the head of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Panax ginseng</Emphasis>

We previously reported that the butanol (BuOH) fraction of the head of Panax ginseng exhibited gastroprotective activity in peptic and chronic ulcer models. In order to identify the active constituent, an activity-guided isolation of the BuOH faction was conducted with a HCl x ethanol-induced gastric lesion model. The BuOH fraction was passed through a silica-gel column using a chloroform-methanol gradient solvent system, and six fractions (frs. 1-6) were obtained. The active fr. 5 was further separated by silica-gel column, to yield 6 subfractions (subfrs. a-f). Subfr. d was composed of ginsenosides Re, Rc and Rb1. The most active constituent was ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1), a protopanaxadiol glycoside, which was investigated for its anti-ulcer effect. Gastric injury induced by HCl x ethanol, indomethacin and pyloric ligation (Shay ulcer) was apparently reduced with oral GRb1 doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg. GRb1 at these dosage significantly increased the amount of mucus secretion in an ethanol-induced model. The anti-ulcer effects were consistent with the result of histological examination. These results suggest that the major active constituent in the head of Panax ginseng is GRb1, and that anti-ulcer effect is produced through an increase in mucus secretion.     

Mucocele-like tumor of the breast caused by ductal carcinoma in situ: a case report

A mucocele-like tumor (MLT) of the breast caused by clinging and micropapillary carcinoma in situ is reported. The tumor was a smooth-contoured mass located near the nipple in the lower inner quadrant of the left breast. Ultrasonography showed a cystic tumor and distended ducts. An aspiration specimen contained abundant mucinous material and a small amount of epithelial cell components, but was insufficient for cytological diagnosis. An excisional biopsy specimen disclosed multiple cysts containing mucin with extravasation into the stroma. Additional pathologic diagnosis using consecutive microscopic sections demonstrated ductal carcinoma in situ. Subcutaneous mastectomy was subsequently performed. Histopathologic findings in the resected and biopsy specimens indicated a diagnosis of MLT caused by widely spreading clinging and micropapillary ductal carcinoma in situ. The ductal epithelium of the MLT in an open biopsy specimen must be carefully examined using consecutive microscopic sections to detect occult DCIS.     

辛伐他汀对大鼠气道黏液高分泌的影响和机制研究

目的了解辛伐他汀对丙烯醛引起的气道黏液高分泌的作用及其可能的机制。方法大鼠雾化吸人丙烯醛，建立气道黏液高分泌模型。将42只雄性SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为7组：对照组（A组）、辛伐他汀自身对照组（B组）、模型组（C组）、低剂量辛伐他汀组（D组）、中剂量辛伐他汀组（E组）、高剂量辛伐他汀组（F组）和甲羟戊酸组（G组），每组6只。分别用阿辛蓝-过碘酸雪夫（AB—PAS）和免疫组化染色检测气道黏蛋白和黏蛋白5ac（mucinSac，MUC5ac）的表达。RT—PCR检测MUC5acmRNA的表达。结果丙烯醛刺激可以使大鼠气道黏蛋白、MUC5ac蛋白和mRNA表达增高，使支气管肺泡灌洗液中巨噬细胞数增多。结论辛伐他汀可以抑制丙烯醛所致的气道黏液高分泌，甲羟戊酸可以部分逆转辛伐他汀的作用，其机制可能是通过甲羟戊酸途径减少巨噬细胞在肺中的浸润。     

桉柠蒎的药理作用与临床评价

目的评价桉柠蒎的药理作用及临床应用。方法收集和查找文献资料,从药理作用、药动学、国内外临床研究、用法与用量、药物不良反应5个方面全面评价桉柠蒎。结果详细地评价了桉柠蒎的作用机理及临床应用。结论桉柠蒎是粘液溶解性祛痰药,可解除粘液纤毛清除系统障碍,全面恢复粘液纤毛清除系统功能,重建整个系统的清除防御机制,打破炎症的恶性循环,从根本上治疗鼻炎、支气管炎等气道炎性反应。     

Effect of cervical mucus aspiration before intrauterine insemination

Objective

To determine whether cervical mucus aspiration before intrauterine insemination (IUI) has any effect on clinical pregnancy rates.

Method

The outcomes of 186 IUI cycles in 95 consecutive patients in whom mucus was aspired prior to IUI were compared retrospectively with those of 1057 IUI cycles in 505 women.

Results

The pregnancy rate was 15.1% (28 pregnancies for 186 cycles) in the cervical mucus aspiration group and 9.9% (105 pregnancies for 1057 cycles) in the control group (P = 0.05). Mucus aspiration led to significantly increased pregnancy rates for women with unexplained infertility (24% in the aspiration group vs 9.5% in the control group; P = 0.04).

Conclusion

Cervical mucus aspiration before IUI might improve clinical pregnancy rates by yet-to-be-defined mechanisms.     

Antihistamine effects on experimental middle ear inflammatory model

Allergy is thought to be one of the etiologic factors in otitis media. The purpose of this study was to determine the histopathologic effects of H1 histamine receptor antagonists in an experimental histamine-induced middle ear inflammation model. In group A (20 rabbits), histamine challenge followed a 3-day intramuscular pretreatment with a single dose of 0.1 ml hydroxyzine hydrochloride (50 mg/ml) per day. In group B (20 rabbits), histamine challenge followed a 3-day pretreatment with a single dose 1.2 mg desloratadine per day orally. In group C (20 rabbits), histamine challenge followed a 3-day pretreatment with a single dose 1.2 mg levocetirizine per day orally. On the fourth day after baseline otomicroscopy 0.5 ml histamine 20 mg/ml was injected transtympanically on the right. Middle ear mucosa was removed and the following parameters were assessed: edema, vascular dilatation and congestion, inflammation, acute inflammatory component, presence of eosinophils, activity of the inflammation and fibrosis. A semi-quantitative grading system of 0-3 was used for grading of all parameters and statistical analysis performed by using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test. Group A mucosae showed lower grades of all the parameters evaluated compared with those of group B. Histopathology of the mucosae of group C showed lower grade of inflammation compared with group B with significant statistical difference for the seven parameters tested. Our data validate the use of antihistamines in the treatment of refractory OME of allergic origin. Oldest H1 antagonists can be replaced by the newest agents who counteract successfully histamine effects, without any interactions or adverse effects from central nervous system.     

人结膜杯状细胞和粘液的形态—扫描电镜研究

研究人结膜杯状细胞和粘液的形态。方法８例正常成年人眼标本，年龄１８－４２岁，男７人，女１人，将每个标本的结膜分为１６个组织块，用日立Ｓ－５２０型扫描电镜进行观察。结果人结膜杯状细胞有两种分布形式：（１）散在于结膜上皮细胞间并直接开口于结膜表面；（２）位于Ｈｅｎｌｅ隐窝内，其分泌物通过隐窝的腔隙再排出到结膜表面。     

Interleukin-1 is associated with inflammation and structural lung disease in young children with cystic fibrosis

Background

Little is known about the role of interleukin (IL)-1 in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. This study investigated the relationship between IL-1 signalling, neutrophilic inflammation and structural lung changes in children with CF.