用于替代皮肤刺激试验的组织工程表皮模型的构建研究

目的探讨人表皮细胞与聚碳酸脂膜构建组织工程表皮模型的方法,建立可用于皮肤刺激试验的组织工程表皮模型。方法应用组织工程方法,以聚碳酸脂膜为支架,以人皮肤角质形成细胞为细胞来源,构建组织工程表皮模型。气液面培养13 d,通过HE染色、角蛋白10(keratin 10,K10)和K13抗体、K14抗体、层粘连蛋白抗体、角化细胞交联外膜蛋白抗体、中间丝相关蛋白抗体免疫荧光染色、透射电镜观察组织工程表皮模型组织结构。采用快速渗透试验方法,SDS分别作用于培养基中添加脂质物(实验组)和未添加脂质物(对照组)的组织工程表皮模型18 h,测定组织活性减小50%所需化学物质的浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration of a substance,IC50)值。结果 HE染色、免疫荧光染色及透射电镜观察显示,构建的组织工程表皮模型分化良好,具有与正常表皮相似的结构:基底膜、棘层、颗粒层和角化层。实验组和对照组组织工程表皮模型的IC50值分别为0.183%(6.00 mmol/L)和0.072%(2.36 mmol/L)。结论在聚碳酸酯膜上构建的组织工程表皮模型具有与正常表皮相似的组织结构,并且具有一定的屏障功能。     

5种乳腺癌相关指标血清检测的临床价值分析

目的了解hMAM、NF-κB、CA153、OPN和MMP-13 5种血清指标诊断乳腺癌的临床价值。方法 ELISA法检测hMAM、NF-κB、OPN和MMP-13,雅培i2000全自动发光仪检测CA153,比较乳腺癌组(59例)和正常对照组(35例)外周血中5种指标的表达特点,验证其临床价值。结果与正常对照组比较,hMAM、NF-κB、CA153和OPN在乳腺癌中高表达,且差异有统计学意义;对乳腺癌的诊断价值,从高到低分别为:hMAM、NF-κB、CA153和OPN。不同病理分期中,CA153和OPN在乳腺癌晚期显著升高。结论 hMAM、NF-κB、CA153和OPN对乳腺癌诊断具有一定的价值,其中hMAM更好;当CA153和OPN明显升高,可能提示乳腺已进入中晚期。     

苦参对阴道毛滴虫蛋白质差异表达的影响

目的寻找阴道毛滴虫的特异蛋白质并探讨苦参对其差异蛋白质表达的影响。方法用固相pH梯度双向凝胶电泳分离阴道毛滴虫总蛋白质,凝胶用银染显色,PDQuest7.4.0软件分析。结果同组实验重复3次以上,其中正常对照组找到蛋白质点平均（435±17）个,匹配率为92.5%;苦参组找到蛋白质点平均（336±26）个,匹配率为85.6%。正常组和苦参组共有96个表达差异点,其中苦参组和正常组比较,只在正常组中表达的点有46个,只在苦参组中表达的点有27个,表达增加〉2倍的点有9个,表达降低〉0.5倍的点有14个。结论建立了阴道毛滴虫正常组和苦参组的双向凝胶电泳图谱,识别了96个差异表达的蛋白质。苦参杀灭阴道毛滴虫的作用可能与上述蛋白质的改变有关。     

浙贝母素乙治疗大鼠卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的实验研究

目的探讨浙贝母素乙注射液对大鼠卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎（PCP）的治疗作用,寻找杀灭或抑制卡氏肺孢子虫繁殖的药物,以提高包括艾滋病病人在内的免疫功能低下患者的生存质量。方法选择健康SD大鼠用地塞米松皮下注射,连续8周,每周2次,建立大鼠PCP模型;腹腔内注射不同剂量的浙贝母素乙注射液,连续5d,同时设有感染对照组和正常对照组。停药2周后杀鼠取肺,观察浙贝母素乙对大鼠肺内卡氏肺孢子虫发育的影响,肺组织印片检查包囊,肺组织病理切片染色观察组织变化。结果注射浙贝母素乙液注射组大鼠的肺组织印片包囊数量较治疗前明显减少,肺组织炎症反应明显好转。结论中药浙贝母素乙注射液对肺孢子虫在肺内发育有明显的抑制作用,有望用于PCP的治疗。     

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and prediabetes and associated risk factors: a community-based screening in Zhuhai, Southern China

Background The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and prediabetes has increased in China,and at different rates in different locations.Therefore a community-based screening research was conducted in order to determine the prevalence of CKD and prediabetes,and to analyze associated risk factors of CKD and prediabetes in a city of Southern China.Methods A total of 7801 community residents aged 18 year and older from 6 communities were screened by a stratified random cluster sampling method.An estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR),albuminuria,fasting plasma glucose (FPG),and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured.Age-standardized prevalence was calculated by the direct method with the use of data on the population distribution in China in 2006.Multivariate logistic analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of CKD and prediabetes,and association of insulin resistance (IR) with CKD and prediabetes was analyzed.Results The age-standardized prevalence of CKD was 12.5％,eGFR ＜60 ml.min-1.1.73 m-2 was 2.7％ and ACR (albumin to creatinine ratio) ＞30 mg/g was 10.3％.The age-standardized prevalence of prediabetes was 12.1％.Logistic regression suggests that IR was a common independent risk factor of CKD and prediabetes.Further analysis show that HOMA-IR was increased with the aggravation of kidney injury and FPG.Conclusion CKD and prediabetes have become a major public health problem in Zhuhai,Southern China; insulin resistance may be an important risk factor.     

内源性GDNF在针刺促进损伤脊髓神经元轴突出芽中的作用

目的探讨内源性胶质源性神经营养因子(glia derived neurotrophic factor,GDNF)在针刺促进SD大鼠脊髓神经元轴突出芽中的生物学机制。方法 25只雌性SD大鼠随机分为单侧备用根手术组、针刺组、针刺并GDNF抗体封闭组。切除脊髓单侧L1～L3及L5～L6背根节(dorsal root ganglion,DRG),保留L4背根为备用根,制备单侧备用根模型。选择足三里和悬钟、伏兔和三阴交两组穴位进行针刺实验。免疫组化和辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)追踪分别检测GDNF及背根神经节(DRG)源的神经纤维表达变化。结果针刺可显著增加GDNF在受损脊髓中的表达,而抗体封闭可显著逆转该作用。结论针刺可能通过增加内源性GDNF的表达促进损伤脊髓神经元形态和功能修复。     

Selection of high efficient transdermal lipid vesicle for curcumin skin delivery

Curcumin shows effective anti-inflammatory activities but is seldom used in clinic because of its poor solubility in water and vulnerablity to sunshine ultraviolet effect. Novel lipid vesicles have been developed as carriers for skin delivery. In this paper, lipid vesicles—propylene glycol liposomes (PGL), Ethosomes and traditional liposomes, were prepared as curcumin carriers respectively. Their morphology, particle size and encapsulation efficiency and drug release behavior in vitro were evaluated. Transdermal efficiency and deposition quantity in abdominal skin were also measured with Franz diffusion device. Carrageenan-induced paw edema was established to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect. From the result, the particle size order of lipid vesicles was: PGL (182.4 ± 89.2 nm) < Ethosomes (289 ± 132.1 nm) < traditional liposomes (632.9 ± 184.1 nm). The order of particle dispersion coefficient was as the same as that of particle size. The sequence of encapsulation efficiency was: PGL > Ethosomes > traditional liposomes. PGL had the best encapsulation efficiency of 92.74 ± 3.44%. From anti-inflammatory experiment, PGL showed the highest and longest inhibition on the development of paw edema, followed by Ethosomes and Traditional liposomes. With the elevated entrapment efficiency, good transdermic ability and sustained-release behavior, PGL may represent an efficient transdermal lipid vesicle for skin delivery.     

慢性心力衰竭家庭照顾者的负担及影响因素相关分析

目的了解慢性心力衰竭家庭照顾者的负担及影响因素。方法采用照顾者一般资料调查表、Zarit负担量表和社会支持评定量表调查照顾者情况,采用患者一般资料调查表和日常生活能力量表调查患者情况,对数据进行单因素分析和多因素分析。结果慢性心力衰竭家庭照顾者的负担得分为6～76分。患者合并其他疾病数、日常生活能力和照顾者性别、是否与患者同居住、照顾者社会支持度是照顾者负担的影响因素。结论慢性心力衰竭家庭照顾者的负担水平处于低水平,受较多因素影响,提高患者的自理能力及对照顾者的支持度,可减轻照顾者负担。     

静脉体区及其连接结构的造影研究

目的 探索简便易行的静脉造影的方法并分析其造影机制。 方法 SD大鼠40只, 随机分为A、B两组,每组20只,再随机分成4组(a ~ d),每组5只。A组通过颈内静脉和尾静脉同时分别灌注不同浓度的造影剂;B组通过颈总动脉分别灌注不同浓度的造影剂。A、B两组同时造影并配合电脑图像处理技术,观测静脉显影情况。新西兰大白兔4只,肝素抗凝处理后取皮,直接经皮静脉灌注造影剂, 探讨静脉造影的机制。 结果 A组中明胶浓度为7%的Ac组大鼠全身静脉显影清晰,可清楚地显示静脉的走行及其分布情况;B组中明胶浓度为2%的Bb组大鼠全身动、静脉同时显影,可清晰地显示动、静脉的伴行及其相互之间的连接关系。在压力和灌注量都足够的情况下,造影剂可充填兔皮内主干静脉及其大的交通支。 结论本方法既可以直接通过静脉灌注进行全身静脉造影,又可通过动静脉联合造影同时显示动脉与静脉。静脉造影既需要“瓣膜失效”,也需要“迷宫式回流”。