低位切开结合引流挂线治疗高位肛瘘和高位脓肿疗效观察

目的观察低位切开结合引流挂线治疗高位肛瘘和高位脓肿的效果。方法采用随机对照、大样本量、前瞻性研究、多中心试验的方法,将193例高位肛瘘及高住脓肿患者随机分为引流挂线组和切割挂线组,在正确处理内口的前提下,分别采用内口上方引流挂线法（虚挂线）和内口上方切割挂线法（实挂线）治疗,观察2组疗效及并发症发生情况,并进行定期随访。结果引流挂线组的肛管锁眼畸形及肛门失禁发生率明显低于切割挂线组,且术后疼痛的发生明显减少,而且治愈率也没有明显降低。结论引流挂线治疗高位肛瘘及高位脓肿较传统的切割挂线能更好地保护肛直环完整性,能相对较好地保护肛门括约肌功能,减少肛门失禁的发生。     

DNA修复基因ERCC1单核苷酸多态性与非小细胞肺癌铂类药物化疗预后关系的研究

目的探讨DNA修复基因ERCC1单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）铂类药物化疗后的预后关系。方法经病理学确诊的晚期NSCLC患者120例,采用铂类为主的两药联合化疗方案,化疗前采集患者外周血。采用基因芯片法检测ERCC1（118）、（504）的SNP,并随机抽取10％的样本进行基因测序来验证该方法的准确性,比较不同基因型与铂类药物化疗后生存期的关系。结果成功进行基因分型,野生型、杂合型和突变型的叠加荧光分别显示为绿色、黄色和红色,与基冈测序结果完全吻合。中位随访时间11个月。携带ERCCl（118）C／C、C／T＋rr／T基凶型患者铂类药物化疗后中位牛存期（MSq、）,1年、2年及3年牛存率分别为10．9个月、35．9％、6．3％、1．6％和13．5个月、59．5％、19．0％、14．3％,2组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;携带ERCC1（504）C／C基因型、C／A＋,A／A基因型1年生仔率、2年牛存率分别为66．7％、16．8％和31．3％、7．8％,2组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,而MST和3年生存率2组间差异尤统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论 该芯片检测方法准确,高通量,价卡2}低廉,适用于大规模样本SNP检测,ERCC1（118）基因多态性与NSCLC患者铂类约物化疗后的生存期有关,有可能作为铂类约物化疗后生存期的预测指标。     

Plasma adiponectin as an independent predictor of early death after acute intracerebral hemorrhage

BackgroundHyperadiponectinemia or hypoadiponectinemia is associated with different diseases. There is a paucity of data on circulating plasma adiponectin concentrations in human intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We investigated the plasma adiponectin concentrations in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, and analyzed the correlation of adiponectin with the severity of brain injury and early mortality after ICH.MethodsThirty controls and 86 patients with acute ICH were included. Plasma samples were obtained on admission and at days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 after ICH. Their concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsAfter ICH, plasma adiponectin level of the patients increased immediately within 6 h, peaked within 24 h, plateaued at day 2, and decreased gradually thereafter. It was substantially higher than that in the controls in a period of 7 days. A multivariate analysis showed plasma adiponectin level was an independent predictor for 1-week mortality (odds ratio, 1.199; 95% CI: 1.035–1.389; P = 0.015) and that it was associated with Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score (t = ? 3.596, P = 0.001) and plasma C-reactive protein level (t = 4.194, P < 0.001). A receiver operating characteristic curve identified that a plasma adiponectin level > 16.4 μg/ml predicted the 1-week mortality of patients with a sensitivity of 65.6% and a specificity of 90.7% (AUC, 0.789; 95% CI: 0.688–0.870). The predictive value of adiponectin concentration was significantly lower than that of GCS score (P = 0.007) and hematoma volume (P = 0.022). Adiponectin could not improve the predictive values of GCS score (P = 0.317) and hematoma volume (P = 0.226).ConclusionsAdiponectin is an independent indicator of early death and may play an anti-inflammatory role after intracerebral hemorrhage.     

紫杉醇持续滴注联合方案二线治疗难治性晚期食管鳞癌

[目的]研究含紫杉醇（PTX）持续静脉滴注方案二线治疗晚期食管癌的疗效和毒性。[方法]26例晚期食管鳞癌患者应用含低剂量PTX持续静脉输注联合方案化疗：PTX20mg/m2,civ,16h,d1～3,d8～9;DDP3.75mg/m2,iv,d1～4,d8～11;5-Fu375mg/m2,civ,24h,d1～5,d8～12;叶酸60mg,po,d1～5,d8～12;21d为1个周期,至少应用2个周期。[结果]23例完成2个周期治疗者可评价疗效,CR1例,PR9例,SD10例,PD3例,有效率为43.5%,中位疾病进展时间（TTP）5.1个月。主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制和脱发,其他毒副反应较轻。[结论]低剂量PTX持续静脉输注联合方案治疗晚期食管鳞癌安全有效。     

Combination of cannabinoids,delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), mitigates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by altering the gut microbiome

Currently, a combination of marijuana cannabinoids including delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) is used as a drug to treat muscle spasticity in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Because these cannabinoids can also suppress inflammation, it is unclear whether such patients benefit from suppression of neuroinflammation and if so, what is the mechanism through which cannabinoids act. In the currently study, we used a murine model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), to study the role of gut microbiota in the attenuation of clinical signs of paralysis and inflammation caused by cannabinoids. THC + CBD treatment attenuated EAE and caused significant decrease in inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17 and IFN-γ while promoting the induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β. Use of 16S rRNA sequencing on bacterial DNA extracted from the gut revealed that EAE mice showed high abundance of mucin degrading bacterial species, such as Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muc), which was significantly reduced after THC + CBD treatment. Fecal Material Transfer (FMT) experiments confirmed that THC + CBD-mediated changes in the microbiome play a critical role in attenuating EAE. In silico computational metabolomics revealed that LPS biosynthesis, a key component in gram-negative bacteria such as A. muc, was found to be elevated in EAE mice which was confirmed by demonstrating higher levels of LPS in the brain, while treatment with THC + CBD reversed this trend. EAE mice treated with THC + CBD also had significantly higher levels of short chain fatty acids such as butyric, isovaleric, and valeric acids compared to naïve or disease controls. Collectively, our data suggest that cannabinoids may attenuate EAE and suppress neuroinflammation by preventing microbial dysbiosis seen during EAE and promoting healthy gut microbiota.     

How Do Psychological Risk Factors Predict Sexual Outcomes? A Comparison of Four Models of Young Women’s Sexual Outcomes

BackgroundRecent research findings suggest that women who report high anxiety sensitivity (AS; the fear of physiologic sensations associated with anxiety) also report increased sexual dysfunction and decreased sexual satisfaction. Moreover, findings suggest that maladaptive emotion regulation (ER) can contribute to the relation between AS and psychological distress, thereby indirectly influencing sexual outcomes. Identifying relations among these variables and how they specifically relate to sexual outcomes could be vital for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. As such, a comparison of different models of sexual outcomes that encompass psychological and sexual risk factors is needed.AimTo compare four psychological models of women’s sexual outcomes in a cross-sectional sample and specifically to investigate whether psychological factors (ie, AS, ER, psychological distress) uniquely or jointly predict related, but distinct, sexual outcomes in women: sexual functioning, sexual quality of life, and frequency of sexual activity.MethodsWomen (N = 316) completed an online survey that included the Anxiety Sensitivity Index–3, Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, Sexual Quality of Life Scale–Female, Female Sexual Function Index, and Sexual Experiences Questionnaire–Female.OutcomesOutcome variables included women’s self-reported sexual functioning, sexual quality of life, and frequency of sexual activity.ResultsPath analysis models demonstrated that psychological factors predicted orgasm, sexual pain, sexual quality of life, and frequency of partnered sexual activity in women but predicted sexual desire, arousal, lubrication, and frequency of solitary sexual activity to a lesser degree. We found that ER significantly accounted for the relation between AS and psychological distress through mediation and moderation pathways.Clinical TranslationClinicians would benefit from incorporating psychological risk factors in their assessment and interventions of women’s sexual concerns.Strengths and LimitationsThis is the first study to compare models of women’s sexual lives using indicators of mental and sexual health. However, our study was limited to a cross-sectional sample of young women in one university setting.ConclusionsAS, ER, and psychological distress are related to sexual functioning, sexual quality of life, and frequency of partnered sexual activity in young women. Psychological risk factors should be taken into consideration to better understand women’s sexual lives.Tutino JS, Ouimet AJ, Shaughnessy K. How Do Psychological Risk Factors Predict Sexual Outcomes? A Comparison of Four Models of Young Women’s Sexual Outcomes. J Sex Med 2017;14:1232–1240.     

鼓室给药临床实践指南

鼓室给药是一种常见的耳科局部给药方式,指通过将药物递送入中耳,经圆窗膜或卵圆窗扩散分布到内耳从而达到治疗或诊断效果。近年来,鼓室给药技术在耳科疾病的临床应用越来越广泛,主要包括突发性聋、梅尼埃病、分泌性中耳炎和自身免疫性内耳病等疾病的诊治。目前,国内外对鼓室给药的操作规范、适应证,尤其是给药时机及治疗方案尚未有统一标准。为了促进鼓室给药技术规范化,我们特组织了国内在鼓室给药领域经验丰富,有卓越建树中青年专家,基于临床经验和循证医学证据制定了鼓室给药临床实践指南。本指南从鼓室给药操作规范出发,系统总结了糖皮质激素鼓室给药、庆大霉素鼓室给药、鼓室内注射造影剂膜迷路MRI成像及其他药物鼓室给药四个方面,旨在指导并规范临床鼓室给药技术的应用。