2012年四川省试点城市艾滋病相关高危人群规模估计结果

目的估计四川省试点城市艾滋病高危人群规模,为科学评价四川省艾滋病疾病负担,确定防治经费的投入及资源的有效分配提供科学依据。方法按照既往艾滋病疫情水平的高、中、低3档,选择四川省有代表性的成都市、绵阳市、雅安市3个市进行高危人群规模估计,暗娼人群(FSW)估计方法采用普查法,男男性行为(MSM)人群规模估计采用捕获再捕获的方法 ,吸毒人群(DUS)的规模估计采用乘数法。结果成都市FSW人数均值为7 372,占15~59岁年龄段女性人口数比例为0.18%,DUS均值为10 121,占成都市常住20~60岁年龄别人口数比例为0.134%,注射吸毒占相应人口比例为0.06%,MSM均值为278 02,占成都市20~60岁年龄段男性人口数的比例为0.74%;绵阳市FSW均值为3 638,占15~59岁年龄段女性人口数比例为0.23%,DUS均值为4 725,占当地15~59岁人口比例为0.15%。注射吸毒人群占相应人口比例为0.06%,MSM均值为10 182人,占绵阳市15~74岁常驻男性人口数的0.53%;雅安市FSW人数均值为800,占15~50岁年龄段女性人口数比例0.19%,DUS均值为4 725,占当地15~59岁人口比例为0.15%。注射吸毒人群占相应人口比例为0.06%,MSM均值为1 444,占当地16~41岁年龄段男性人口比例为0.37%。结论基本掌握3个城市艾滋病高危人群规模数据。     

医务人员锐器伤调查分析与防护对策

目的了解医务人员锐器伤的现状,分析探讨其有效防护措施。方法采取问卷调查形式,对2011-08医务人员锐器伤发生情况开展横断面调查。结果 762名调查对象中,锐器伤发生人数为69名,发生次数为97次,平均发生率为0.13次/(人·月);护士、医生是锐器伤发生的高危人群;锐器伤发生地点多为普通病房;头皮钢针及一次性注射器是造成医务人员锐器伤的主要医疗器具;医疗废物处置是造成医务人员锐器伤的主要环节。结论锐器伤是医疗机构中常见的职业伤害,应通过减少不必要的医疗操作,推行使用安全器械,改变错误行为习惯,实施标准预防的安全防护等措施,切实降低医务人员锐器伤的发生率。     

奇神经节介入治疗的应用进展北大核心CSCD

近年来,随着引导技术的进步及介入治疗方式的改变,奇神经节介入治疗已广泛应用于奇神经节支配区域的一些慢性难治性疼痛。本文就目前奇神经节介入治疗的图像引导方式、介入治疗方式、介入治疗风险及并发症作一简要综述。     

影响绝经期妇女高血压治疗率和控制率的因素

目的：探讨影响绝经期妇女高血压治疗率和控制率的因素。方法：对四川省绵阳市科学城社区50～79岁绝经期妇女中高血压患，应用标准问卷询问高血压病史、治疗情况及家庭月经济收入，并测量其体重指数。用逐步回归法分析一个应变量与多个自变量之间的线性关系。结果：610例绝经期高血压病人的高血压治疗率为58．7％，高血压控制率为21．3％。家庭月收入对高血压治疗率起正面影响(b'=0.535)，年龄对高血压治疗率起负面影响(b’=0.446)。联合应用降压药对高血压控制率起正面影响(b’=0.703)，体重指数对高血压控制率起负面影响(b’=0.277)。结论：本社区50～79岁绝经期高血压妇女的高血压治疗率低可能与低经济收入和高龄有关，而正常体重和联合应用降压药可能有利于高血压的控制。     

A risk prediction model of urinary tract infections for patients with neurogenic bladder

Abstract

Objectives: To develop a nomogram to evaluate the risk of urinary tract infections (UTI) in patients with neurogenic bladder (NGB)

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 337 patients with NGB admitted to three hospitals. Collected data included clinical symptoms, patients’ general characteristics, laboratory examinations and imaging findings. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to develop the risk prediction nomogram of UTIs for NGB patients. C index was used for the internal and external validation of that model.

Results: The occurrence of UTIs was 45.7% (154 of 337), 52.6% (102 of 194), and 36.4% (52 of 143) in the overall, training and validation data sets, respectively. The prediction nomogram was developed with 5 prognostic factors which included white blood cell (WBC) in blood, Leukocyte (LEU) in urine, Urinary pH, length of stay and urination mode. The nomogram presented good discrimination with a C-index value of 0.921 (95% confidence interval: 0.87396???0.96804) and good calibration. The C-index values of the interval validation and external validation were 0.8905541 and 0.817, respectively. The results of decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated that the model was clinically useful.

Conclusions: The prediction nomogram we developed is a simple and accurate tool for early prediction of UTIs in patients with NGB. This tool can assess risk of UTIs early, allowing for timely initiation of appropriate preventive measures.     

不孕不育患者生殖道分泌物支原体培养及药敏结果分析

目的 了解本地区不孕不育患者生殖道支原体感染及耐药情况.方法 对2011年至2013年在本院生殖门诊就诊并进行支原体培养、鉴定及药敏试验的患者进行统计分析.结果 848份标本中支原体阳性的410份,解脲支原体（Uu）阳性370份.女性患者Uu感染率为45.6％ （351/769）,男性为24.1％ （19/79）.药敏结果显示环丙沙星和氧氟沙星的耐药率分别为89.0％和73.3％,而强力霉素、原始霉素、四环素及交沙霉素的敏感性均达90％以上.结论 本地区不孕不育患者支原体感染率较高,且对环丙沙星及氧氟沙星耐药率较高,但男性与女性感染率有显著差异,临床治疗时必须进行相应的药物敏感性试验,合理选用抗生素,以达到有效治疗的目的.     

Theoretical investigation of the reaction mechanisms and kinetics of CFCl2CH2O2 and ClO in the atmosphere

The reaction between CFCl₂CH₂O₂ radicals and ClO was studied using the B3LYP and CCSD(T) methods associated with the 6-311++G(d,p) and cc-pVTZ basis sets, and subsequently RRKM-TST theory was used to predict the thermal rate constants and product distributions. On the singlet PES, the dominant reaction is the addition of the ClO oxygen atom to the terminal-O of CFCl₂CH₂O₂ to generate adduct IM1 (CFCl₂CH₂OOOCl), and then dissociation to final products P1 (CFCl₂CHO + HO₂ + Cl) occurs. RRKM theory is employed to calculate the overall and individual rate constants over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. It is predicted that the collision-stabilized IM1 (CFCl₂CH₂OOOCl) dominates the reaction at 200–500 K (accounting for about 60–100%) and the dominant products are P1 (CFCl₂CHO + HO₂ + Cl). The yields of the other products are very low and insignificant for the title reaction. The total rate constants exhibit typical “falloff” behavior. The pathways on the triplet PES are less competitive than that on the singlet PES. The calculated overall rate constants are in good agreement with the experimental data. The atmospheric lifetime of CFCl₂CH₂O₂ in ClO is around 2.04 h. TD-DFT calculations imply that IM1 (CFCl₂CH₂OOOCl), IM2 (CFCl₂CH₂OOClO) and IM3 (CFCl₂CH₂OClO₂) will photolyze under sunlight.

The reaction between CFCl₂CH₂O₂ radicals and ClO was studied using the B3LYP and CCSD(T) methods associated with the 6-311++G(d,p) and cc-pVTZ basis sets, and subsequently RRKM-TST theory was used to predict the thermal rate constants and product distributions.     

增强MRI与超声造影在超声消融海扶子宫肌瘤的治疗比较

目的比较增强MRI与超声造影在高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）治疗子宫肌瘤疗效观察中的应用价值。方法 选取2019年2月~2020年2月我院收治102例行HIFU治疗的子宫肌瘤患者,患者治疗前后均进行超声造影和增强MRI检查,比较两种检测方法在疗效评价中的作用。结果两种检测方法治疗前后肌瘤均径、肌瘤体积比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,其中增强MRI可明显显示肌瘤的大小和边界,而超声造影对子宫肌瘤的边界图像显示相对不足,且增强MRI图像质量评分、消融率高于超声造影, 差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;增强MRI和超声造影对消融区、残余灶均能有效显示,两者评价HIFU治疗子宫肌瘤总有效率比 较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论增强MRI在子宫肌瘤定性诊断方面优于超声造影,而超声造影检查更具有可重复性、灵活性,两者均为HIFU治疗前后的必要检查。      

Quadriceps strength in intensive care unit survivors: Variability and influence of preadmission physical activity

BackgroundMuscle weakness is common in patients who survive a stay in the intensive care unit (ICU). Quadriceps strength (QS) measurement allows evaluation of lower limb performances that are associated with mobility outcomes.ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to characterise the range of QS in ICU survivors (ICUS) during their short-term evolution, by comparing them with surgical patients without critical illness and with healthy participants. The secondary aim was to explore whether physical activity before ICU admission influenced QS during that trajectory.MethodsPatients with length of ICU stay ≥2 days, adults scheduled for elective colorectal surgery, and young healthy volunteers were included. Maximal isometric QS was assessed using a handheld dynamometer and a previously validated standardised protocol. The dominant leg was tested in the supine position. ICUSs were tested in the ICU and 1 month after ICU discharge, while surgical patients were tested before and on the day after surgery, as well as 1 month after discharge. Healthy patients were tested once only. Patients were classified as physically inactive or active before admission from the self-report.ResultsThirty-eight, 32, and 34 participants were included in the ICU, surgical, and healthy groups, respectively. Demographic data were similar in the ICUS and surgical groups. In the ICU, QS was lower in the ICU group than in the surgical and healthy groups (3.01 [1.88–3.48], 3.38 [2.84–4.37], and 5.5 [4.75–6.05] N/kg, respectively). QS did not significantly improve 1 month after ICU discharge, excepted in survivors who were previously physically active (22/38, 56%): the difference between the two time points was ?6.6 [?27.1 to ?1.7]% vs 20.4 [?3.4 to 43.3]%, respectively, in physically inactive and active patients (p = 0.002).ConclusionsPatients who survived an ICU stay were weaker than surgical patients. However, a huge QS heterogeneity was observed among them. Their QS did not improve during the month after ICU discharge. Physically inactive patients should be early identified as at risk of poorer recovery.     

美托洛尔联合曲美他嗪对慢性心力衰竭患者血清血管紧张素Ⅱ、血管内皮功能的影响

目的探讨美托洛尔联合曲美他嗪对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血清血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、血管内皮功能的影响。方法将136例CHF患者随机分为对照组和试验组,每组68例。对照组给予基础治疗措施和美托洛尔,试验组在对照组基础上加用曲美他嗪。比较2组治疗前后的左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、N末端-脑钠肽前体(NT-ProBNP)、6 min步行距离、AngⅡ水平、肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(FMD)、血浆一氧化氮(NO)水平、内皮素-1(ET-1)水平、临床疗效及不良反应。结果2组均有2例患者中途退出研究。治疗后,试验组LVEDd、LVESD、NT-ProBNP水平低于对照组,LVEF、6 min步行距离高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,试验组AngⅡ、ET-1水平均低于对照组,FMD、NO水平高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组总有效率为95.45%,高于对照组的84.85%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组不良反应发生率为10.61%,对照组为6.06%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论美托洛尔联合曲美他嗪治疗CHF患者安全、有效,可改善患者的心功能、血管内皮功能,提高治疗效果。