Lower vertebrates,such as fish and amphibians,and higher vertebrates in embryonic development can acquire complete regeneration of complex body structures,including the spinal cord,an important part of the central nervous system.However,with species evolution and development,this regenerative capacity gradually weakens and even disappears,but the cellular and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood.We explored the differences in mechanisms of spinal cord regeneration capability between lower and higher vertebrates,investigated differences in their cellular and molecular mechanisms and between the spinal cord structures of lower vertebrates and mammals,such as rat and monkey,to search for theoretical evidence and therapeutic targets for nerve regeneration in human spinal cord. 相似文献
Objectives: Taurine is one of the most abundant amino acids in the central nervous system and has important functions in the promotion of brain development. This study aimed to determine the mechanistic role of taurine in improving neuronal proliferation, stem cell proliferation, and neural differentiation.
Methods: The data for this review were primarily retrieved from the PubMed database from 1985 to 2015 in English. The search string included the keywords taurine, brain development, neuronal, stem cell, proliferation, differentiation, and others. Relevant publications were identified, retrieved, and reviewed.
Results: This review introduces the source, function, and mechanisms of taurine in brain development and provides additional detail regarding the mechanistic role of taurine in improving neuronal proliferation, stem cell proliferation, and neural differentiation. Many studies concerning these aspects are discussed.
Conclusions: Taurine plays an important role in brain development, including neuronal proliferation, stem cell proliferation, and differentiation, via several mechanisms. Taurine can be directly used in clinical applications to improve brain development because it has no toxic effects on humans. 相似文献