ATMFS对犬骨盆弓状线骨折愈合及骨钙蛋白和骨唾液酸蛋白表达的影响

目的探索骨盆髋臼三维记忆内固定系统(acetabular tridimensional memory fixation system,ATMFS)对犬弓状线骨折愈合及骨钙蛋白和骨唾液酸蛋白表达的影响。方法选用15只成年杂种家犬,双侧髋臼臼顶上方1.5cm处横形截骨,分别采用ATMFS前柱固定器和6孔重建钢板内固定,于术后2、4、6、8、12周行影像学检查、大体观察、骨钙蛋白及骨唾液酸蛋白原位杂交、骨钙蛋白实时定量PCR(RT-PCR)检测,评价骨盆弓状线的骨愈合特征及骨钙蛋白和骨唾液酸蛋白的表达特征。结果 ATMFS侧骨折端无凌乱骨痂,骨折愈合时间明显快于钢板侧。双侧骨折端组织中骨钙蛋白和骨唾液酸蛋白表达与正常比均明显增强。术后4～8周,ATMFS侧骨钙蛋白和骨唾液酸蛋白表达量明显大于钢板侧,两侧比较具有显著性差异(P0.05),其中术后6周双侧差异最为显著(P0.01)。结论 ATMFS固定后于骨折端产生的持续顺应生理力线的压应力能够刺激骨钙蛋白及骨唾液酸蛋白的表达,从而促进骨折早期愈合。     

脊柱微创外科技能培训在住院医师规范化培训中的应用

脊柱微创外科技术是未来脊柱外科发展的一个重要方向。但脊柱微创手术操作需要较长的学习曲线,投入大量的时间和精力,现有教学手段严重滞后。临床教学中建立脊柱微创外科培训平台是培养未来脊柱外科医生的重要手段,是发展微创医学的根本保证和关键因素。     

全节段椎弓根螺钉系统矫治青少年特发性胸腰椎/腰椎侧凸的疗效

目的:探讨采用单纯后路广泛松解技术联合侧凸全节段椎弓根螺钉系统治疗青少年特发性胸腰椎和腰椎脊柱侧凸的疗效。方法:我院于2002年4月至2005年7月连续收治了114例(女86例,男28例)青少年特发性胸腰椎和腰椎脊柱侧凸患者,其中Lenke5型72例,Lenke6型32例,Lenke3C型10例。全部采用后路广泛松解技术联合椎弓根螺钉系统治疗。手术前后在X线正侧位片上测量冠状位Cobb角,矢状面胸椎后凸角和腰椎前凸角,最下端融合椎冠状面成角,骶骨中垂线与融合下端椎、顶椎及C7中垂线平均距离,并观察各种并发症情况。结果:共置入1460枚椎弓根螺钉,平均融合9.6个椎体(5～14个)。冠状面平均矫正率为78.6%(61°减少到13°),矢状面腰椎前凸角从36°(23°～67°)增加到42°(34°～55°)。最下端融合椎冠状面成角矫正率达79%,骶骨中垂线与融合下端椎距离从2.3cm减少到0.5cm,与顶椎距离从5.0cm缩短到1.6cm;C7中垂线与骶骨中垂线距离由2.7cm减少到0.8cm。术后平均随访时间为30个月(12～50个月),未发现假关节形成、深部感染,且无明显矫形丢失。结论:后路广泛松解联合全节段椎弓根螺钉系统治疗青少年特发性胸腰椎/腰椎侧凸效果满意。     

The effect of outlet fixation on tunnel widening

Purpose: To compare the development of tibial tunnel widening after a standard bone–patellar tendon–bone autograft (BPTB) to a flipped BPTB that allows interference screw outlet fixation with a bone plug at both femoral and tibial tunnels, and to identify any observable clinical effect. The hypothesis of this study was that the outlet fixation achieved by the flipped BPTB technique results in diminished tunnel widening at the site of the bone plug. Type of Study: Nonrandomized control trial. Methods: The postoperative radiographs of 67 BPTB anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions were retrospectively reviewed; 31 had conventional BPTBs and 36 had the bone plugs flipped at the tibial end to achieve interference screw fixation of the bone plug at the tibial outlet as well as the femoral outlet. Biodegradable interference screws (PLLA) were used in all cases, which facilitated tunnel measurements. One week after surgery, the maximal tibial bone tunnel widths were measured on anteroposterior and lateral radiographs 1 cm below the tibial plateau. These initial postoperative measurements were compared with measurement from radiographs taken annually thereafter. Clinical information including Lysholm, Tegner, IKDC activity, Lachman, pivot-shift, and range of motion data was also obtained and compared for the 2 groups. Results: In the conventional BPTB group, at an average follow-up of 28 months, 28 of 31 (90%) showed at least a 2-mm increase (20%) in the tibial tunnel width. The mean maximum tunnel width increase was 2.2 mm. In the flipped BPTB group, at an average follow-up of 31 months, none of these 36 showed any increase in tunnel size. In fact, 15 patients had no distinct tibial tunnel remaining and, of the other 21, the average remaining tunnel width was 3 mm. The clinical results evaluating the Tegner, Lysholm, IKDC activity levels, KT, and physical examination parameters showed no significant differences between these 2 groups. The tunnel width decreased during the first year, but remained unchanged after 12 months. No tunnel dilation was observed with bone plug outlet fixation while 90% of the conventional group had at least a 20% increase (P <.001). Conclusions: Outlet fixation with the flipped BPTB technique decreased the tibial tunnel width 1 cm below the plateau while 90% of the conventional BPTB patients demonstrated an average widening of 20%.Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, Vol 19, No 5 (May-June), 2003: pp 485–492     

经骶前轴向椎间融合术能融合L5/S1和L4/5吗？

Background  Previous clinical and basic research of axial lumbar interbody fusion (AxiaLIF) all focused on the L5/S1. However, there is no data on the feasibility of this approach for the fusion of both L4/5 and L5/S1. This study aimed to explore whether transsacral axial interbody fusion is a candidate for the fusion of both L4/5 and L5/S1.

Methods The subjects (n=40) underwent lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The median sagittal MRI images were analyzed and five measurement markers were defined as follows: the center of the L4/5 disc (A), the center of the L5/S1 disc (B), the anterior margin of the S1/2 space (C), the sacrococcygeal junction (D), and the coccygeal tip (E). The measurement markers were connected each other to produce nine lines (AB, AC, AD, AE, BC, BD, BE, CD and CE) as the reference lines for surgical approaches. The distance between each reference line and the anterior and posterior margins of the L4, L5 and S1 vertebral bodies were measured to determine the safety of the respective approaches.

Results  Twenty subjects were capable of finding one reference line to fuse both L4/5 and L5/S1 via transsacral axial interbody fusion approach. The surgical approach reference line was AE or CE line. In the other 20 subjects, it was failed to find a reference line which met the safety criteria for fusing both L4/5 and L5/S1.

Conclusions  About half of subjects were capable of finding a suitable AxiaLIF reference line to fuse both L4/5 and L5/S1. In some subjects, it was difficult to find a suitable AxiaLIF reference line to fuse both L4/5 and L5/S1.

     

Outcomes following ipsilateral great saphenous vein bypass for lower extremity arterial injuries

ObjectiveUse of autologous great saphenous vein (GSV) grafts for repair of extremity arterial injuries is well established. Contralateral great saphenous vein (cGSV) is traditionally used in the setting of lower extremity vascular injury given the risk of occult ipsilateral superficial and deep venous injury. We evaluated outcomes of ipsilateral GSV (iGSV) bypass in patients with lower extremity vascular trauma.MethodsPatient records at an ACS verified Level I urban trauma center between 2001 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who sustained lower extremity arterial injuries managed with autologous GSV bypass were included. Propensity-matched analysis compared the iGSV and cGSV groups. Primary graft patency was assessed via Kaplan-Meier analysis at 1-year and 3-years following the index operation.ResultsA total of 76 patients underwent autologous GSV bypass for lower extremity vascular injuries. 61 cases (80%) were secondary to penetrating trauma, and 15 patients (20%) underwent repair with iGSV bypass. Arteries injured in the iGSV group included popliteal (33.3%), common femoral (6.7%), superficial femoral (33.3%), and tibial (26.7%), while those in the cGSV group included common femoral (3.3%), superficial femoral (54.1%), and popliteal (42.6%). Reasons for using iGSV included trauma to the contralateral leg (26.7%), relative accessibility (33.3%), and other/unknown (40%). On unadjusted analysis, iGSV patients had a higher rate of 1-year amputation than cGSV patients (20% vs. 4.9%), but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.09). Propensity matched analysis also found no significant difference in 1-year major amputation (8.3% vs. 4.8%, P = 0.99). Regarding ambulatory status, iGSV patients had similar rates of independent ambulation (33.3% vs. 38.1%), need for assistive devices (58.3% vs. 57.1%), and use of a wheelchair (8.3% vs. 4.8%) compared cGSV patients at subsequent follow-up (P = 0.90). Kaplan-Meier analysis of bypass grafts revealed comparable primary patency rates for iGSV versus cGSV bypasses at 1-year (84% vs. 91%) and 3-years post-intervention (83% vs. 90%, P = 0.364).ConclusionIpsilateral GSV may be used as a durable conduit for bypass in cases of lower extremity arterial trauma where use of contralateral GSV is not feasible, with comparable long-term primary graft patency rates and ambulatory status.     

纳米载药系统逆转肿瘤及骨肉瘤多药耐药的研究进展

多药耐药是肿瘤化疗中的重要难题,多药耐药的机制复杂,目前尚无有效的治疗策略。纳米载药系统具有靶向性、载药种类多样等优点,近年来成为对抗肿瘤多药耐药的递药载体的重要研究方向。对肿瘤抑制的不同机制进行讨论,并对纳米载药系统逆转骨肉瘤多药耐药的研究进展进行综述。     

腰椎椎间盘突出症再手术治疗的临床分析

目的总结腰椎椎间盘突出症再手术治疗的临床疗效。方法回顾总结2002年1月-2009年5月收治的78例采用腰椎单枚斜向融合器椎间融合、椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗的腰椎椎间盘突出症再手术患者的临床资料,男48例,女30例;年龄为41-78岁,平均为62.4岁。术后应用Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）、VAS评分及影像学检查对临床疗效进行评价。结果手术时间平均150min（120-210min）。随访0.5-5年,平均3.9年。术后椎间隙高度得到明显恢复,末次随访高度未见明显丢失。VAS评分由术前的7.3±1.4减至末次随访时的2.2±0.6,ODI由术前的59.6%±9.4%减至末次随访时的28.4%±3.2%。在随访期间VAS评分及ODI均得到明显恢复,与术前相比差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论腰椎椎间盘突出症再手术患者多伴有椎间隙狭窄和节段性失稳,其治疗需要兼顾减压和稳定两个方面,腰椎单枚斜向融合器椎体间融合术不失为一种较为理想的手术方式。     

Long-term stability of 5-fluorouracil stored in PVC bags and in ambulatory pump reservoirs

Prolonged infusions of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) have been used since the early 1960s, but recently there has been a major resurgence of interest, partly because of the advent of electronically controlled portable infusion pumps. Admixtures of new formulation 5FU were subjected to stability studies to establish the feasability of continuous infusions. In the first study, the stability of 5FU, 1 or 10 mg ml⁻¹, was determined in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) bags (0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% dextrose injection) at 4 and 21°C after storage for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 14 days. In the second study, the stability of undiluted 5FU was tested at different temperatures (4 or 33°C) in ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) or PVC ambulatory pump reservoirs after storage for 0, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days. For each condition, samples from each admixture were tested for drug concentration by stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography. The admixtures were also monitored for precipitation, colour change and pH. Evaporative water loss from the containers was measured. The stability of 5FU in PVC bags was unaffected by 14 days of storage at either 4 or 21°C. When stored in EVA reservoirs, 5FU was stable for at least 2 weeks at 33°C and for 3 days at 4°C (a precipitate was observed after 3 days). In PVC reservoirs, 5FU was stable for over 14 days at 33°C, but at 4°C a precipitate appeared after 5 days. Loss of water through the reservoirs was substantial only at 33°C for 14 days, and gave falsely high readings.     

经皮内窥镜下腰椎椎间盘切除术与椎板开窗椎间盘切除术治疗青少年腰椎椎间盘突出症

目的　比较经皮内窥镜下腰椎椎间盘切除术(PELD)与椎板开窗椎间盘切除术治疗青少年腰椎椎间盘突出症(LDH)的临床疗效。方法 2012年1月—2016年12月,海军军医大学附属长征医院收治青少年LDH患者82例,其中40例(A组)采用PELD治疗,42例(B组)采用椎板开窗椎间盘切除术治疗。记录并比较2组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后卧床时间、咬骨体积,以及术前、术后1个月和末次随访时疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)。结果所有手术顺利完成,所有患者随访12个月。A组手术时间、术中出血量、术后卧床时间及咬骨体积均低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。2组患者术后VAS评分和ODI均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05);组间比较术后VAS评分和ODI,差异均无统计学意义(P 0.05)。末次随访时MacNab疗效评定优良率A组为92.50%(37/40),B组为90.48%(38/42),差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。A组并发症发生率为5.0%(2/40),B组为7.1%(3/42),差异无统计学差异(P 0.05)。结论 PELD可取得与传统椎板开窗椎间盘切除术相近的临床疗效,且可降低出血量,减少骨性结构破坏,缩短患者术后卧床及康复时间,是较为理想的治疗青少年LDH的微创方法。