pH对甘草次酸经皮渗透性的影响

目的考察介质的pH对甘草次酸经皮渗透性的影响。方法采用HPLC法测定甘草次酸在不同pH介质中的饱和溶解度,采用摇瓶法测定其在不同pH正辛醇/PBS缓冲液中的表观油水分配系数,采用体外Franz扩散池法考察不同pH的甘草次酸饱和溶液在离体小鼠皮上的经皮渗透性。结果 pH5.0～10.8时,甘草次酸饱和溶液的稳态透皮速率随pH升高而增大,而表观渗透系数随pH升高而减小。结论甘草次酸在介质中饱和时,可通过调节pH来改善甘草次酸的稳态透皮速率。     

Activation of TLRs/NF-κB signal pathway and occurrence of different functional cytokines during invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

Objective To study the activation of TLRs/NF-κB signal pathway and production of different functional cytokines during invasive pulmonary aspergillosis( IPA) , in order to probe the pathogene-sis of IPA. Methods Mouse were randomly divided into normal, normal + inoculated with Aspergillus fumigatus( normal inoculation group), and immune suppression + inoculation with Aspergillus fumigatus (IPAmodel group) , the mouse were killed at different time points after inhaling Aspergillus fumigatus spores by nose. Removing the lung tissue in a sterile manner and making pathological section respectively, counting Aspergillus fumigatus colony, dynamiclly detecting the expression of TLR2, TLR4 mRNA, variation of NF-κB p65 protein, pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 levels in the lung tissue by RT-PCR and Western blot method during Aspergillus fumigatus infection in mouse. Results (1) When it's 72 h after inhaling Aspergillus fumigatus by nose, IPA model emerged severe lung tissue inflammation, and generated a large number of hyphae, meanwhile, burthen of Aspergillus fumigatus was higher than normal inoculation group at each time point. (2)Compared with the normal inoculation group, IPA group whose TLR2 mRNA was low expression at early stage of infection (24 h), and emerged high expression at late stage of infection (120 h, 144 h); and TLR4 mRNA has been at a state of low expression in the infection process; NF-κB p65 suddenly increased at early stage of infection(24 h) and then continued to decline. (3) After infected by Aspergillus fumigatus in normal mouse, proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, IL-1β in lung exhibited high expression at the early stages of infection, and the highest expression levels appeared at 48 h or 72 h, then decreased and recovered to normal level. And the expression level of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 rised at late stage of infection; The IP A mouse released a lot of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 at early stage of infection, which significantly reduced at late stage, and released pro-inflammatory cyto-kines TNF-α, IL-1β at slow and low level. Conclusion The abnormal activation of TLRs/NF-β signaling pathway caused the loss of dynamic balance between pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines, leading to the occurrence and development of IPA.     

叶酸受体靶向两亲性嵌段共聚物修饰多烯紫杉醇脂质体的制备及体外性质考察

以合成的两亲性嵌段共聚物叶酸-聚乙二醇-聚胆固醇氰基丙烯酸脂(FA-PEG-PCHL)为靶向长循环膜修饰材料,采用有机溶剂注入法制备FA-PEG-PCHL修饰的多烯紫杉醇脂质体(FA-PDCT-L),利用星点设计-效应面优化法筛选最优处方,并通过FT-IR、1H NMR对合成产物进行结构确证;采用超滤法、透射电镜、粒径zeta电位测定仪以及荧光偏振法等考察FA-PDCT-L理化性质。结果显示,所制备FA-PDCT-L呈球形或类球形,粒径在111.6～126.9 nm内,zeta电位在6.54～14.13 mV内,包封率可达97.8%,各指标实测值与预测值偏差较小。FA-PEG-PCHL可以降低脂质双分子膜的流动性,膜流动性与FA-PEG-PCHL中PEG分子量呈正相关。FA-PDCT-L在体外具有明显的缓释效果,无突释现象,随着PEG分子量的降低,24 h累计释放率分别为31.1%、27.2%及19.5%,且稳定性良好。该研究为进一步研究叶酸受体靶向的长循环膜修饰脂质体在肿瘤疾病治疗中的应用打下了基础。     

离子对色谱法同时测定吴茱萸中的辛弗林、吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱的含量

目的建立一种能同时溺4定吴茱萸中辛弗林、吴莱萸碱和吴秉萸次碱含量的离子对色谱方法。方法采用甲醇超声提取方法制备样品。以乙腈一含O．03％十二烷基磺酸钠（SDS）的2％醋酸为流动相,检测波长为260nm。结果辛弗林、吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱都获得了良好的分离效果,其平均回收率分别为101．4％、97．6％和98．5％。RSD分别为3．1％、1．6％和1．3％（n=6）。结论本法适用于吴茱萸药材中辛弗林、吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱的同时分析,为吴茱萸药材的质量评价提供了更好的技术手段。     

黄芩苷纳米粒制备方法的初步研究

目的:建立乳化溶剂挥发法制备黄芩苷纳米粒的方法.方法:以聚乳酸-羟基乙酸(PLGA)为材料,采用乳化溶剂挥发法,对黄芩苷原料药进行包合制备纳米粒并对制备工艺进行了初步的研究.结果:以浓度为10 mg/ml的聚合物,pH值7.0的磷酸盐缓冲液作为内水相,油相中加入丙酮制成的纳米粒粒径可控、包封率可达50%以上.结论:该方法制成的纳米粒较稳定.重复性好,可作为制备黄芩苷纳米粒的一项新工艺.     

枳实、枳壳的化学成分及胃肠动力研究概述

枳实、枳壳均来源于芸香科柑橘属的多种植物,为中医临床常用药,都有宽中下气,消导积滞,祛痰燥湿等功能,唯枳壳缓而枳实速也.本文对枳实、枳壳的化学成分、胃肠动力的研究现状进行概述.     

元胡白芷有效组分配伍对延胡索乙素小肠吸收的影响

目的:考察延胡索乙素大鼠小肠吸收特性及白芷、元胡有效组分配伍对延胡索乙素小肠吸收的影响,探讨元胡、白芷有效组分配伍规律.方法:采用大鼠体外小肠吸收模型,考察肠段、浓度对延胡索乙素大鼠小肠摄取的影响;同时考察元胡与白芷有效组分不同比例配伍后,延胡索乙素小肠吸收的变化规律;以延胡索总碱中主要有效成分延胡索乙素为指标,采用HPLC法对元胡白芷有效组分小肠浆膜液中的延胡索乙素进行检测.结果:白芷与元胡在一定的配比范围内,延胡索总碱中延胡索乙素的小肠吸收呈现明显增加的趋势.结论:从小肠吸收的角度证实了元胡白芷配伍的合理性.     

微波辅助提取与水蒸气蒸馏杭白芷挥发油的比较

目的:比较微波辅助提取与水蒸气蒸馏杭白芷挥发油的提取率和化学成分。方法:分别采用微波辅助提取和水蒸气蒸馏提取白芷挥发油,并运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法结合计算机检索对其挥发油进行化学成分分析。结果:共鉴定出68个成分,从微波辅助提取和水蒸气蒸馏提取所得挥发油中分别鉴定出了59种和37种化合物,分别占总峰面积的88.93%和94.79%。结论:微波辅助提取与水蒸气蒸馏提取所得挥发油的化学成分有较大差异,微波提取的挥发油成分更多。     

不同干燥工艺对板蓝根水提物中有效成分的影响

目的从化学成分质量分数变化的角度,考察不同干燥方式和条件对板蓝根水提物质量的影响,为建立制剂工艺有无质的改变的早期快速检测方法体系提供依据。方法板蓝根水提液分别采用冷冻干燥、减压干燥、常压干燥、喷雾干燥4种不同方式进行干燥,测定并比较各干燥样品中的苯甲酸、水杨酸、腺苷和多糖的质量分数。结果不同干燥方式样品中苯甲酸、水杨酸、腺苷和多糖的质量分数存在较大差异,以冷冻干燥样品各项成分质量分数最高,喷雾干燥次之,90℃常压干燥样品最低。在实验范围内,板蓝根水提物在冷冻干燥、喷雾干燥条件下比较稳定,60℃以上常压或减压干燥条件下不稳定。结论板蓝根制剂的干燥工艺从冷冻干燥、喷雾干燥转变成60℃以上减压干燥或常压干燥时,须注意其生产工艺是否存在质的改变。干燥方式和条件的改变对板蓝根水提物质量的影响不容忽视,指标性化学成分测定可作为不同干燥工艺对板蓝根水提物是否产生质的改变的早期快速评价方法。     

延胡索与白芷组分配伍对延胡索乙素在大鼠肝微粒体中酶促反应动力学的影响

目的研究延胡索总生物碱(TA)中延胡索乙素(TET)在肝微粒体中的酶促反应动力学,并比较白芷有效组分白芷香豆素(Cou)、挥发油(VO)与TA配伍后对TET酶促反应动力学的影响。方法超速离心法制备大鼠肝微粒体,采用高效液相色谱法测定孵育液中TET原形药物的浓度。比较TA、TA-Cou、TA-VO、TA-Cou-VO配伍各组中TET的酶促反应动力学,推导出药物米氏常数(Km)和最大反应速度(Vmax);并计算TET肝内清除率(CLint)。结果 TA配伍组中的TET在大鼠肝微粒体内代谢反应的Vmax、Km和CLint分别为0.12μmol/(L.min.mg)、5.40μmol/L、0.022 L/(min.mg);TA-Cou组分别为0.27μmol/(L.min.mg)、40.18μmol/L、0.006 L/(min.mg);TA-VO组分别为0.57μmol/(L.min.mg)、22.60μmol/L、0.025 L/(min.mg);TA-Cou-VO组分别为0.84μmol/(L.min.mg)、23.25μmol/L、0.036 L/(min.mg)。结论 TA配伍白芷有效组分可降低TA中TET在肝内的CLint。