Effectiveness of a double-carbapenem combinations against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria

The emergence of carbapenem-resistant organisms posed considerable threat to global health while only limited treatment options are available and led to efforts to discover a novel way to treat them. To evaluate in vitro synergistic activity of meropenem plus ertapenem, a total of 203 carbapenem-resistant strains, collected from 12 provinces and municipalities in China, were examined with a dual carbapenem combination therapy. The statistical software R was used for analysis. Two hundred and one (201) of carbapenem-resistant strains mainly produced four types of carbapenemase: KPC-2 (n = 142, 69.95%), OXA-232 (n = 7, 3.45%), NDM (n = 38, 18.72%; 36 NDM-1, 1 NDM-4, 1 NDM-5), and IMP (n = 15, 7.39%; 1 IMP-26, 10 IMP-30, 4 IMP-4). Fifty-one out of two hundred and three (51/203 or 25.12%) of the examined strains showed a synergistic effect for the meropenem plus ertapenem combination throughout the checkerboard method, while only three isolates showed potential clinically relevant synergy (3/203, 1.48%). An additive effect was observed in 55/203 (27.09%) of the examined strains. Ninety-seven of the examined isolates (47.78%) showed fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) greater or equal to 2 (indicating antagonism). The synergistic activity of meropenem plus ertapenem combination suggests this combination can be a possible way to treat the infection caused by the carbapenem-resistant organisms, especially for IMP or NDM producer with a lesser minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the infected individual who was not recommended to use colistin or tigecycline.     

基于3D打印模型的健康宣教对胸腰椎结核患者的护理效果研究

目的 探讨基于3D打印模型的健康宣教对胸腰椎结核患者卧床依从性、精神状态等健康结局的影响。 方法 采用随机数字法将2018年1—8月间杭州市红十字会医院骨科收治的104例胸腰椎结核患者分为2组，每组52例。对照组采用常规健康宣教进行护理干预，观察组加用3D打印模型辅助护理干预。2组均由住院开始护理至手术前1 d。于护理干预前后采用Morisky-Green测评表评价患者绝对卧床依从性，自制量表评价相关健康知识掌握程度，采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)及焦虑自评量表(SAS)问卷评价2组患者抑郁及焦虑情况，进而探讨基于3D打印模型的健康宣教对胸腰椎结核患者卧床依从性、精神状态等健康结局的影响。 结果 护理后，观察组绝对卧床依从性佳为96.15%，对照组绝对卧床依从性佳为67.31%，2组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理后，观察组健康知识总知晓率为98.08%，对照组健康知识总知晓率为73.08%，2组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护理后，2组SDS、SAS评分均显著下降(均P<0.05)，且观察组低于对照组(均P<0.05)。 结论 采用3D打印模型进行健康宣教可显著提高患者绝对卧床依从性，以及结核相关健康知识的知晓率，可稳定患者心理，有助于胸腰椎结核的后续治疗。      

Novel lipopeptides of ESAT-6 induce strong protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Routes of immunization and TLR agonists critically impact vaccine’s efficacy

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the bacterial cause of tuberculosis, is a leading infectious agent worldwide. The development of a new vaccine against Mtb is essential to control global spread of tuberculosis, since the current vaccine BCG is not very effective and antibiotic resistance is a serious, burgeoning problem. ESAT-6 is a secreted protein of Mtb, which is absent in BCG but has been implicated in inducing protective immunity against Mtb. Peptide based subunit vaccines are attractive due to their safety and high specificity in eliciting immune responses, but small synthetic peptides are usually not very immunogenic. We have designed a novel subunit vaccine for Mtb by using simple lipid (palmitic acid) modified derivatives of peptides from ESAT-6 protein corresponding to dominant human T cell epitopes and examined their ability to stimulate protective immunity against Mtb by intranasal and subcutaneous immunization in mice. We also investigated how individual TLR agonists as adjuvants (PolyI:C, MPL and GDQ) contribute to enhancing the induced immune responses and resulting protective efficacy of our vaccine. We observed that single C-terminal palmitoyl-lysine modified lipopeptides derived from ESAT-6 induce significant cellular immune responses on their own upon mucosal and subcutaneous immunizations. Intriguingly, a combination of immunogenic lipopeptides of ESAT-6 antigen exhibited local (pulmonary) and systemic immune responses along with efficient protective efficacy when administered intranasally or subcutaneously. Surprisingly, combination of ESAT-6 derived lipopeptides with a TLR-4 agonist (MPL) enhanced protection, whereas TLR-3 (Poly I:C) and TLR-7/8 agonists (gardiquimod, GDQ) led to reduced protection associated with specific local and systemic immune modulation. Our studies demonstrate the potential of ESAT-6 derived lipopeptides as a promising vaccine candidate against Mtb, and emphasize that selection of adjuvant is critical for the success of vaccines. These findings demonstrate the promise of synthetic lipopeptides as the basis of a subunit vaccine for TB.     

利奈唑胺治疗肺结核合并重症肺炎的疗效及对患者免疫因子和预后的影响

目的 探究利奈唑胺治疗肺结核合并重症肺炎的疗效及其对免疫因子和预后的影响。 方法 选取2016年1月—2017年1月于杭州市红十字会医院就诊的98例肺结核合并重症肺炎患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组(49例)和观察组(49例),在抗结核治疗基础上,分别给予亚胺培南西司他丁和亚胺培南西司他丁联合利奈唑胺治疗,随访28 d,比较2组患者临床疗效、细菌清除率、治疗前后免疫功能、细胞因子水平、生存情况及不良反应发生率。 结果 观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组(89.80% vs.73.47%,P=0.037);观察组的细菌清除率高于对照组(79.59% vs.57.14%,P=0.017);2组患者CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+、Ig A及Ig G水平高于治疗前(均P<0.05),观察组上述指标高于对照组(均P<0.05);2组患者IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平低于治疗前(均P<0.05),观察组上述指标低于对照组(均P<0.001);观察组患者的生存率高于对照组(HR=0.360,95%CI:0.153~0.849,P=0.027);2组患者治疗后不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(12.24% vs.10.20%,P=0.749)。 结论 利奈唑胺治疗肺结核合并重症肺炎,可以提高临床疗效,增强免疫功能,降低细胞因子并提高生存率,且安全性有保证。      

The Application of Compatible Points

Point compatibility plays a very important role in clinical treatment, and proper compatible application of points can directly influence the therapeutic effects. Only by knowing the functions of points well, can the proper pair of point be prescribed. As stated in Chinese ancient classics, “Functions of points must be carefully considered before needling” and “Much care and thought should be given to selecting points when various diseases are treated with acupuncture.” Dr. Guo Shouyun, a veteran TCM physician, always pays great attention to the combination of points in her acununcture clinical nractice.     

针刺治疗慢性功能性便秘的临床观察

目的:观察针刺对功能性便秘的疗效,并探讨其作用机理.方法:选择功能性便秘患者40例,随机分成治疗组及对照组各20例,治疗组每日针刺1次,每次15～20min,5天为1疗程,隔两天继续第2个疗程,共3个疗程;对照组以西沙比利片10mg,每天3次,餐前半小时服用,连续4周.观察两组治疗前后大便次数,大便性状,排便困难程度以及结肠通过时间的变化.结果:两组治疗后各观察指标较治疗前有明显改善(P＜0.01),两组治疗后比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论:针刺能够改善功能性便秘的结肠动力,对功能性便秘疗效确切.     

精神科医院感染的临床调查

目的了解我院精神科医院感染发病率,分析发生医院感染相关因素,减少医院感染的发生。方法采用回顾性调查分析,对我院精神科2000年1月~2004年12月的住院病历进行分析,计量资料进行均数计算,计数资料用χ2检验。结果9 089例精神科住院患者发生医院感染313例次,医院感染率为3.44%,总感染率呈逐年下降趋势(P<0.05);感染部位以上呼吸道(34.82%)、胃肠道(20.45%)、泌尿道(18.53%)为主;女病区医院感染率(3.83%)高于男病区医院感染率(3.07%)P<0.05;重管室医院感染构成比(57.51%)高于康复室医院感染构成比(42.49%)P<0.05。结论根据精神科医院感染的特点,必须加强医生、护士的防护意识和医院感染的重点监控,减少医院感染的发生。     

消瘀通列汤治疗慢性盆腔疼痛综合征临床研究

目的：观察“消瘀通列汤”治疗慢性疼痛综合征（CPPS）的疗效及NIH—CPSI评分。方法：据NIH前列腺炎综合征分类标准，选择CPPS病例186例，根据EPSRT分成Ⅲa和Ⅲb两组。给予“消瘀通列汤”治疗，治疗前及治疗后每月作EPSRT常规及NIH—CPSI评分进行疗效评价。结果：3个疗程后Ⅲa组显效率41．1％，总有效率82．2％；Ⅲb组显效率51．9％，总有效率86．1％。经统计分析，两组疗效差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。每个疗程结束后，两组NIH—CPSI各类得分均有明显改善（P〈0．001或P〈0．01）。Ⅲa组WBC计数评分，除第1、2疗程有明显减少外，第3疗程开始无明显变化。结论：“消瘀通列汤”能有效改善慢性盆腔疼痛综合征临床症状，提高生活质量。可能减轻盆腔内静脉充血。     

耐多药肺结核及其患者治疗依从性的护理措施研究进展

耐多药结核病的出现与流行,危害人类健康的同时,也给社会经济带来了巨大损失,成为全球结核病防控工作最主要的威胁之一,使得结核病防控面临严峻考验。作者从耐多药结核病的流行现状、发生原因及解决患者治疗依从性的护理措施研究等方面进行综述,为加强耐多药肺结核患者的护理研究提供科学的参考依据。