高危患者降压治疗:重视控制血压底线

高血压高危患者的降压治疗既需降低血压，又需保持足够血流以保障器官灌注。血压降低过度无疑也有一定风险，因此控制皿压需要底线。高危高血压患者的个体差异大，在降压治疗过程中，临床医生既要以循证医学为鉴，叉须遵循个体化治疗原则，把握好降压幅度和速度，坚持高质量平稳降压，才能更好地保护靶器官，减少心脑血管意外的发生。     

伴和不伴类风湿性关节炎患者腰椎管狭窄后路减压融合过程中隐性失血的对比

背景:腰椎管狭窄症后路手术除术中出血和术后引流外,还存在大量的"隐性失血"。合并类风湿性关节炎患者可能会影响围术期出血尤其是隐性失血,此前并无报道。目的:针对合并类风湿性关节炎的腰椎管狭窄患者与非类风湿性关节炎行腰椎后路手术时术中出血量、术后引流量以及隐性失血情况进行对比,并探讨类风湿性关节炎患者隐性失血的危险因素。方法:回顾性纳入了65例合并类风湿性关节炎的腰椎管狭窄患者(类风湿性关节炎组),筛选87例未合并类风湿性关节炎的腰椎管狭窄患者(非类风湿性关节炎组),所有患者均采取椎弓根螺钉+钛棒+椎间融合器内固定系统进行腰椎后路减压融合和后外侧融合治疗,术中行自体骨后外侧植骨。提取信息包括人口统计学信息、类风湿性关节炎信息(如类风湿性关节炎病史、Steinbrocker分级、抗类风湿性关节炎药物)、手术信息以及出血量相关指标。以术中出血量、术后引流量和隐性失血作为主要指标;以手术时间、术前术后红细胞压积和血红蛋白及其变化值、手术前后贫血数量、术后新发贫血数量、自体血和异体血输注量等作为次要指标。结果与结论:①类风湿性关节炎组腰椎管狭窄患者平均年龄为(65.97±8.02)岁,平均体质量指数为(25.76±3.68)kg/m^2,非类风湿性关节炎组中患者在性别比例、年龄和手术节段数上均与之匹配;②类风湿性关节炎组中患者平均病程为(16.78±12.73)年,其中单药或联合口服改变病情抗风湿药者最常见,2组在椎弓根螺钉数和椎间融合器置入数量上差异均无显著性意义,围术期并发症发生率2组差异亦无显著性意义;③主要结果对比显示2组在总失血量、术中出血量和术后引流量方面差异无显著性意义,而隐性失血以及隐性失血所占总失血量比例在非类风湿性关节炎组中更低(P<0.001,0.012);根据手术节段数进行分层分析,长节段(≥3节段)手术中非类风湿性关节炎组中隐性失血和隐性失血所占总失血量比例均优于类风湿性关节炎组;④次要指标对比红细胞压积改变值(P=0.021)在非类风湿性关节炎组小于类风湿性关节炎组但血红蛋白减小值2组差异无显著性意义;术后2组新发贫血以及贫血加重情况相比差异无显著性意义,异体血输注和手术时间相比差异也无显著性意义;⑤对类风湿性关节炎组患者隐性失血进行多元线性回归分析显示,类风湿性关节炎的Steinbrocker级别高、未服用改变病情抗风湿药、血红蛋白变化和输注异体血为隐性失血的独立危险因素;⑥提示类风湿性关节炎组和非类风湿性关节炎组在总失血量、术中出血、术后引流和手术时间上无差异,而隐性失血以及隐性失血所占总失血量比例类风湿性关节炎组高于非类风湿性关节炎组,尤其是长节段手术;类风湿性关节炎组的Steinbrocker分级高、未服用改变病情抗风湿药、血红蛋白改变较多以及输注异体血为隐性失血的独立危险因素。     

日间手术对控制医疗费用的应用效果探讨

目的通过对出院主诊断为"子宫内膜息肉"的日间手术和非日间手术患者病案首页数据进行对比分析,探讨日间手术的推广带来的经济效益和社会效益。方法采用回顾性研究,从某三甲综合医院病案首页系统中提取2019年全年出院诊断为"子宫内膜息肉"的日间手术和非日间手术患者的数据,建立数据库,运用SAS9.4软件进行对比分析。结果"子宫内膜息肉"患者采用日间手术治疗较非日间手术相比,能有效降低患者医疗总费用;从费用结构来看,日间组患者的综合医疗服务类、诊断类、药品类和其他类费用支出均低于非日间组;日间组和非日间组患者在治疗费和医用材料费的差别无统计学意义。结论日间手术的开展能有效提高医院床位使用效率,有助于降低患者的住院医疗费用,有利于提高医院社会效益。     

我国"乡聘村用"政策典型地区实践经验与启示

目的:分析我国"乡聘村用"政策进展和典型地区实践经验,分析推进"乡聘村用"政策的问题与挑战,为推进乡村医生队伍建设提供政策建议。方法:利用我国卫生健康统计年鉴相关数据进行定量分析;收集我国典型地区政策、报告等资料,进行案例分析。结果:"乡聘村用"在我国具有一定的政策基础,在全国范围内已经具有一定实践规模。从人员资质、人事管理和养老保障及资金来源方式等角度看,在典型地区的实践对推进"乡聘村用"政策的挑战是增加财政支出、乡村医生队伍老龄化和县乡管理能力不足。结论与建议:典型地区经验表明"乡聘村用"政策是转变乡村医生身份、解决乡村医生养老等社会保障问题的有效途径。建议各地借鉴典型经验积极推进"乡聘村用"政策,加大地方财政支持力度;加强县级和乡镇卫生院管理能力;同时,稳步推进政策,避免各类乡村医生之间产生矛盾。     

罗替高汀与普拉克索治疗帕金森病的成本效果分析

目的:分析罗替高汀与普拉克索(常释剂/缓释剂)治疗帕金森病的成本效果。方法:基于卫生服务体系的角度,根据临床指南中的标准临床路径及H&Y分级,采用动态Markov模型,模拟患者终生的直接医疗成本和质量调整生命年。结果:在治疗帕金森病中,与普拉克索常释剂相比,罗替高汀提高0.0629个质量调整生命年,费用提高70361.06元,增量成本效果比为1118617.81元/QALY;与普拉克索缓释剂相比,罗替高汀提高0.1712个质量调整生命年,费用提高52325.57元,增量成本效果比为305640.01元/QALY。结论:与普拉克索(常释剂与缓释剂)相比,罗替高汀可以提高帕金森病患者质量调整生命年,同时也增加医疗成本;以世界卫生组织3倍人均GDP作为判断阈值,对比普拉克索,罗替高汀不具有成本效果。     

Migration capacity of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells towards glioma in vivo*

High-grade glioma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults.The poor prognosis of glioma,combined with a resistance to currently available treatments,necessitates the development of more effective tumor-selective therapies.Stem cell-based therapies are emerging as novel cell-based delivery vehicle for therapeutic agents.In the present study,we successfully isolated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells by explant culture.The human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were adherent to plastic surfaces,expressed specific surface phenotypes of mesenchymal stem cells as demonstrated by flow cytometry,and possessed multi-differentiation potentials in permissive induction media in vitro.Furthermore,human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated excellent glioma-specific targeting capacity in established rat glioma models after intratumoral injection or contralateral ventricular administration in vivo.The excellent glioma-specific targeting ability and extensive intratumoral distribution of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells indicate that they may serve as a novel cellular vehicle for delivering therapeutic molecules in glioma therapy.     

环状RNA的功能及其在结直肠癌中的研究进展

环状RNAs(circRNAs)是一种具有共价闭合环状的长链非编码RNA。circRNAs广泛存在于真核细胞并且结构稳定。circRNAs可作为微小RNAs(miRNAs)的分子海绵参与基因转录后调控,也可与多种蛋白相互作用,调控基因转录及蛋白翻译等。越来越多的研究表明,circRNA与结直肠癌的发生、发展密切相关,有望为结直肠癌的诊断和治疗提供新的分子标志物和靶点。本文从circRNAs的形成、生物学功能以及在结直肠癌疾病中的研究进展等方面进行简要综述,以期为结直肠癌早期诊断和治疗提供新靶点。     

关于医疗器械软件变更监管要求探讨

由于医疗器械软件的特殊性，在产品注册后变更相对频繁，但现在对于医疗器械软件变更的监管要求尚未能充分考虑这种情况，应进一步科学合理设置相应监管要求。本文针对业内人士所关注焦点，分析了医疗器械软件变更类型划分原则，并基于相关变更类型划分，探讨了医疗器械软件变更的监管要求，最后提出了相关工作建议。     

The effect of salt-water bath in the management of treatment-related peripheral neuropathy in cancer patients receiving taxane and platinum-based treatment

ObjectivesIn a clinical setting, patients have been observed to complain of discomfort and to discontinue treatment because of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. This experimental study was conducted to determine the effect of a salt-water bath in the management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.MethodOne hundred and three patients who received taxane and platinum-based chemotherapy due to cancer and developed peripheral neuropathy associated with the treatment between December 2018 and June 2020 were included in the study. The patients were assigned to the control and experimental groups (1-warm salt-water and 2-cold salt-water) following the randomization checklist. While control groups did not receive any interventions, the patients in the salt-water group were asked to apply warm (41 °C) or cold-water (23–26 °C) baths to their hands/feet for 30 min every other day for 14 days. The data were collected at the beginning of the study and at the end of its first and second weeks using the Patient Information Form and National Cancer Institute (NCI)-CTCAE v5.0 toxicity criteria as well as the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-CIPN20 quality of life scales.ResultsThe patients had a mean age of 55.6 ± 10.3, and most of them were treated following a breast cancer diagnosis. At the beginning of the study, Grade 3 peripheral neuropathy severity and quality of life scores of the cold/warm salt-water and control groups were similar. Due to repeated follow-ups, it was determined that the peripheral neuropathy severity decreased and the quality of life scores increased statistically significantly in the patients in the cold salt-water bath group compared to the control group.ConclusionThis study's results suggest that a cold salt-water bath can be an effective approach in managing the development of peripheral neuropathy due to taxane and platinum-based treatment.     

Sex difference in the association between surrogate markers of insulin resistance and arterial stiffness

AimsTo investigate the predictive capability of insulin resistance surrogate markers for insulin resistance and arterial stiffness based on sex.MethodsWe assessed the association of triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and lipid accumulation product (LAP) with homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in both sexes.ResultsA total of 1720 men and 1098 women were evaluated. HOMA-IR showed good correlation with the TyG index (men: r = 0.47, women: r = 0.45), TG/HDL-C (men: r = 0.45, women: r = 0.41), VAI (men: r = 0.51, women: r = 0.48), and LAP (men: r = 0.55, women r = 0.49) (all p-values < 0.001). These markers positively correlated with increased baPWV in both sexes. The standardized partial regression coefficients were 0.11 and 0.14 for the TyG index, 0.13 and 0.16 for TG/HDL-C, 0.14 and 0.19 for VAI, and 0.12 and 0.17 for LAP in men and women, respectively (all p-values < 0.01; all p-values for sex interaction < 0.05).ConclusionsAll insulin surrogate markers showed good correlation with HOMA-IR in both sexes. These indices were also associated with increased baPWV and the associations were stronger in women than in men.