脑卒中合并医院获得性肺炎危险因素Meta分析

目的评价脑卒中并发医院获得性肺炎危险因素。方法利用Meta分析对1997—2006年我国符合条件的8篇有关脑卒中合并医院获得性肺炎危险因素的文献进行定量分析,计算每个危险因素的综合OR值。结果共有7个因素有统计学意义,分别为:年龄(OR=2.77,95%CI:2.32～3.30)、吸烟史(OR=1.87,95%CI:1.48～2.37)、糖尿病(OR=2.70,95%CI:1.71～4.26)、心力衰竭(OR=2.46,95%CI:1.68～3.60)、意识障碍(OR=4.97,95%CI:3.28～7.52)、卧床时间(OR=2.93,95%CI:1.78～4.82)、吞咽困难(OR=3.07,95%CI:2.20～4.27)。结论年龄、吸烟史、糖尿病、心力衰竭、意识障碍、卧床时间、吞咽困难是脑卒中并发医院获得性肺炎的危险因素,而性别、脑卒中类型和肺部疾病史尚不能确定。     

Core pertussis transmission groups in England and Wales: A tale of two eras

The recent resurgence of pertussis in England and Wales has been marked by infant deaths and rising cases in teens and adults. To understand which age cohorts are most responsible for these trends, we employed three separate statistical methods to analyze high-resolution pertussis reports from 1982 to 2012. The fine-grained nature of the time-series allowed us to describe the changes in age-specific incidence and contrast the transmission dynamics in the 1980s and during the resurgence era. Our results identified infants and school children younger than 10 years of age as a core group, prior to 2002: pertussis incidence in these populations was predictive of incidence in other age groups. After 2002, no core groups were identifiable. This conclusion is independent of methodology used. Because it is unlikely that the underlying contact patterns substantially changed over the study period, changes in predictability likely result from the introduction of more stringent diagnostics tests that may have inadvertently played a role in masking the relative contributions of core transmission groups.     

探究中国双生子人群中的冠心病遗传-生活方式交互作用

目的:分析中国成年双生子人群的冠心病遗传-生活方式交互作用。方法:利用中国双生子登记系统募集的研究对象,构建单变量交互作用模型,通过分析生活方式对冠心病遗传效应的效应修饰作用,探索冠心病的遗传-生活方式交互作用。结果:本研究共纳入20 477对≥25岁的同性别双生子,含395例冠心病患者,其中66对双生子均患冠心病。调...     

利用结构方程模型计算成年双生子饮酒遗传度的研究

目的 分析遗传和环境因素对饮酒的影响。方法 对2015-2018年中国双生子登记系统募集的9 231对成年同性别双生子,利用结构方程模型对饮酒相关变量进行拟合,估计遗传因素和环境因素对其的影响。结果 共纳入9 231对双生子进行分析,其中同卵双生子6 085对。同卵双生子年龄（36.91±13.07）岁,男性占56.80%;异卵双生子年龄（35.22±12.48）岁,男性占55.91%。双生子高风险饮酒者共350人,占1.90%,中风险饮酒者共367人,占1.99%。中风险饮酒受加性遗传、双生子共享环境及各自环境的影响,遗传度为24.3%（95% CI：0～56.8%）,共享环境可解释50.7%（95% CI：20.4%～79.0%）,特殊环境可解释24.9%（95% CI：18.3%～36.5%）。而高风险饮酒则主要受双生子共享环境及各自特殊环境的影响,共享环境可解释75.6%（95% CI：69.6%～80.8%）,特殊环境可解释24.4%（95% CI：19.2%～30.4%）。中高风险饮酒的遗传度具有一定的性别差异,男性中遗传度为30.8%（95% CI：9.8%～53.5%）,在女性中则主要受到环境的影响。结论 中高风险饮酒行为主要受环境影响,有一定的性别差异,且随着饮酒量的增加,环境对于饮酒行为的影响作用更趋显著。     

国际性医学会(ISSM)《早泄诊治指南(2010年版)》解读

早泄是一种常见的男性性功能障碍,国际性医学会(International Society for Sexual Medicine,ISSM)于2010年发表了新的<早泄诊治指南>.新<指南>在早泄的定义、发病机制、基于循证医学的流行病、诊断标准、安全而有效的治疗以及早泄对夫妻的影响等做了论述.通过本<指南>的解读,旨在...     

Effectiveness of acellular pertussis vaccine and evolution of pertussis incidence in the community of Madrid from 1998 to 2015

IntroductionPertussis is a communicable disease that primarily affects infants. Vaccination has led to an important reduction in the incidence of the disease, however, resurgence of the disease has been observed. This study aimed to analyze the incidence of pertussis and assess the vaccination effectiveness (VE) of different schedules of acellular pertussis vaccination in the community of Madrid.MethodsPertussis cases notified to the Mandatory Disease Reporting System from 1998 to 2015 were analyzed. Five comparison periods were created: 1998–2001 (reference), 2002–2005, 2006–2009, 2010–2012 and 2013–2015. The incidence ratio (IR) between inter-epidemic periods was analyzed using a Poisson regression. VE was calculated using the screening method. Vaccine status data were collected from the vaccine registry.ResultsIn total, 3855 cases were notified. Inter-epidemic periods were observed every 3–4 years. The incidence increased (IR: 5.99, p < 0.05) in the 2013–2015 period, particularly among infants younger than 1 month (IR: 32.41, p < 0.05). Vaccination data were available in 89% of cases. For those receiving the last dose at ≤6-month VE was 89.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 87.3–92.0) after one year of follow-up, and 85.5% (95% CI: 82.4–88.1) after 11 years of follow-up. For those receiving the last dose at 18-months VE decreased from 98.8% (95% CI: 98.3–99.1) to 85.1% (95% CI: 81.9–87.7) in the same period, and for those receiving the last dose at 4-year VE decreased from 99.6% (95% CI: 99.3–99.7) to 79.3% (95% CI: 74.6–83.1).ConclusionsB. pertussis is circulating in our population, as shown by the epidemic peaks and increased incidence of pertussis in recent years. VE increased with the number of doses and decreased with the follow-up period. The effect of this and other vaccination strategies must be monitored to control the disease.     

Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering for stability comparison of virus-like particles in different solution environments

The stabilities of two commercially available virus like particles, CHO-HBsAg expressed by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and Hans-HBsAg expressed by Hansenula polymorpha (Hans), were compared using AF4-MALLS under different treatment processes. The initial molecular weight and hydrodynamic diameter of CHO-HBsAg measured with AF4-MALLS were 4727 kDa and 29.4 nm, while those of Hans-HBsAg were 3039 kDa and 22.8 nm respectively. In salt solution of 2 M ammonium sulfate, the molecular weight and size of CHO-HBsAg had little change, and its antigenicity remained 95%, while those of Hans-HBsAg changed greatly, resulting in aggregation and 75% antigenicity loss. In freeze–thaw operations, Hans-HBsAg aggregated heavily. Most of the aggregates precipitated and the rest soluble aggregates reached 10⁵–10⁶ kDa in molecular weight. The antigenicity of Hans-HBsAg decreased to 26.9% after five freeze–thaw cycles. For CHO-HBsAg, there was no obvious aggregation in freeze–thaw, and the antigenicity retained above 98%. In heating process, Hans-HBsAg gradually aggregated to large particles with temperature and the antigenicity decreased to 10% when the temperature reached 80 °C. In contrast, CHO-HBsAg would not aggregate with temperature, remained 92% antigenicity at 80 °C. The study demonstrated that CHO-HBsAg appeared to be a superior vaccine antigen in term of particle stability and constant antigenicity, which are important in production, transportation and storage.