格列美脲改善胰岛素敏感性临床疗效研究

目的观察应用胰岛素治疗而血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者在加用格列美脲治疗后血糖水平及胰岛素用量的变化,探讨格列美脲增加胰岛素敏感性在临床治疗中的实际意义。方法选取应用胰岛素治疗且血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者56例,随机分为对照组(26例)和观察组(30例)。对照组患者在原治疗方案基础上增加胰岛素剂量,而观察组患者则在原治疗方案基础上加用格列美脲治疗。共观察8周。比较两组患者治疗前后的体质指数(BMI)、血糖〔空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)〕水平、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平、胰岛素用量及治疗中的低血糖发生率。结果治疗8周后,观察组患者的BMI、FBG、2 hPG、HbA1c、胰岛素用量及低血糖发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应用胰岛素治疗而血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者,加用格列美脲可有效降低FBG、2 hPG、HbA1c水平,减少胰岛素用量,且低血糖发生率低,有利于患者实现HbA1c达标。     

5年制预防医学本科生流行病学双语教学模式的探索与实践

目的：探索5年制预防医学本科生流行病学双语教学行之有效的教学模式,为提高教学质量及学生专业英语水平提供依据。方法：将2003级76名预防医学本科生随机分成4组,各组随机采用不同的教学模式讲授同一理论内容各2学时。授课结束后立即采用相同的试卷对专业知识进行测试,比较各组成绩的差别。结果：四种教学模式间除总成绩略有差异外（P=0．0423）,其余各题型均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,并且A、B、C三种双语教学模式与全中文教学模式在教学效果上也无显著性差别（P〉0．05）。结论：四种教学模式的教学效果无显著差别,今后可根据教师自身特点及学生喜好来选择不同的双语教学模式。     

SIVmac239感染T淋巴细胞后的上清液对B淋巴细胞增殖的抑制

目的探讨恒河猴免疫缺陷病毒SIVmac239感染CD4+T淋巴细胞后,能否产生某些可抑制B淋巴细胞生长的活性因子。方法用MTT实验观察不同时间收集的SIVmac239感染的CD4+T淋巴细胞上清液和未感染SIVmac239的CD4+T淋巴细胞(C8166)的上清液对猕猴B淋巴细胞(MM133)生长的抑制作用情况。结果SIVmac239感染的CD4+T淋巴细胞上清含有抑制猕猴B淋巴细胞生长的因子,并且,其抑制效果随着作用时间的延长而增加。结论SIVmac239感染CD4+T淋巴细胞可产生抑制B淋巴细胞生长的因子。     

西咪替丁、维生素C小鼠体内抗狂犬病效果研究

目的 旨在寻找一种安全有效的抗狂犬病毒药物,为狂犬病的治疗提供参考.方法 采用小鼠动物模型的随机对照实验,实验组腹腔注射0.4 mg/只、3.2 mg/只西咪替丁及50 mg/只维生素C,用生存分析比较实验组和对照组生存差异,评价药物的疗效.结论 0.4 mg/只和3.2 mg/只的西咪替丁药量治疗狂犬病毒感染的小鼠,实验组和对照组生存率均无显著统计学差异(P>0.05);维生素C 50 mg/只剂量经腹腔给药,其实验组与对照组生存率也无显著的统计学差异.结论在小鼠狂犬病模型中并没有发现西咪替丁及维生素C具有抗狂犬病毒的作用,目前仍然没有单一有效的抗狂犬病毒药物.     

Rapid increase in the incidence of clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes in Chinese in Harbin between 1999 and 2005

AIM: To examine the recent trend in the incidence of clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes during the period of 1999-2005 in Harbin, China. METHODS: The records of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes from hospitals and clinics in Harbin were reported to the Harbin Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. About 3 million (33%) of the total population were from six metropolitan districts and over 6 million (67%) from the surrounding counties. Incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated using Poisson regression. RESULTS: During the observational period, 26,953 new cases of diagnosed type 2 diabetes were reported. Among them, 16,367 were from the metropolitan region and 10,586 from the surrounding counties. The incidence rate of type 2 diabetes in the metropolitan region was 3.19 (95% CI: 3.11, 3.27) times as high as that in the surrounding counties. Females had higher incidence rates in younger age groups (<54 years) and lower rates in older age groups (55+ years) than their male counterparts. The incidence increased over time during the period of 1999-2005 by an average of 12% per year (IRR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.13). Similar increasing rates were observed in both the county and metropolitan regions. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of diagnosed type 2 diabetes has increased dramatically in recent years. Although an increasing trend in the incidence of type 2 diabetes exists in both metropolitan and county regions, the county region currently has a substantially lower incidence rate than the metropolitan region.     

孕妇接种甲型H1N1流感裂解疫苗的安全性观察

目的了解孕妇接种甲型H1N1流感裂解疫苗后的安全性,为孕妇接种甲型H1N1流感裂解疫苗的免疫策略提供依据。方法采用前瞻性队列研究,配对设计的方法,选取黑龙江省富锦市和宁安市接种过甲型H1N1流感裂解疫苗的孕妇及其对照孕妇作为观察对象。由经过专门培训的接种医生负责填写孕妇基本情况登记表和安全性观察记录表,疾控人员负责定期随访并填写孕妇妊娠并发症及妊娠结局记录表,对观察期间发现的流感样病例及时填写流行病学调查表。结果本次共观察孕妇292例,其中:接种组和对照组各146例。接种疫苗的孕妇中,不良反应发生率为4.11%,且均为一般反应。共观察到8例流感样病例(ILI),接种组和对照组孕妇妊娠并发症及妊娠不良结局总的发生率均为11.64%,配对χ2分析结果显示,接种组和对照组孕妇妊娠并发症及妊娠不良结局发生率差异无统计学意义(P=0.694 9)。结论本次观察表明,甲型H1N1流感裂解疫苗对孕妇的不良反应较低且反应轻微,临床安全性较好,可以大规模应用于孕妇以预防甲型H1N1流感。     

Nicotinamide protects hepatocytes against palmitate-induced lipotoxicity via SIRT1-dependent autophagy induction

Lipotoxicity induced by saturated fatty acids (SFAs) plays a pathological role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the exact mechanism remains to be clearly elucidated. Palmitate is the most abundant SFA in the circulation and major lipotoxic inducer. Accumulating evidence supports that autophagy induction is protective against palmitate-induced cell death in a variety of cell types, including hepatocytes. Nicotinamide is the amide form of nicotinic acid (vitamin B3, Niacin) and a dietary supplementation as a source of vitamin B3. We previously reported that nicotinamide endowed hepatocytes resistance to palmitate-induced ER stress via up-regulating SIRT1, with cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway activation being a fundamental mechanism. This study was undertaken to investigate the potential anti-lipotoxic effect of nicotinamide and to elucidate underlying mechanism(s). Our data demonstrated that nicotinamide supplementation protected hepatocytes against palmitate-induced cell death. Mechanistic investigations revealed that nicotinamide supplementation activated autophagy in hepatocytes. Importantly, we showed that the anti-lipotoxic property of nicotinamide was abolished by autophagy inhibitors, suggesting that autophagy induction plays a mechanistic role in nicotinamide's anti-lipotoxic effect. Furthermore, we showed that SIRT1 inhibition blunted autophagy induction in response to nicotinamide supplementation and similarly abrogated the anti-lipotoxic effect conferred by nicotinamide supplementation. In conclusion, our data suggest that nicotinamide protects against palmitate-induced hepatotoxicity via SIRT1-dependent autophagy induction and that nicotinamide supplementation may represent a therapeutic choice for NAFLD.     

儿童智商与发中钙锌铁铅含量的关系

目的 探讨儿童智商与发中钙、锌、铁、铅含量的关系。方法 选择308名8～11岁儿童用WISC-CR智力量表测定智商,用火焰原子吸收法测定头发中钙、锌、铁、铅含量。结果 被调查的儿童智商呈正态分布(P>0.05),智商与头发中4种元素的相关分析显示:r钙=0.593,r锌=0.384,r铁=0.499,r铅=-0.637,P均<0.01。结论 儿童智商与头发中钙、锌、铁呈正相关,与铅呈负相关。     

正常学龄儿童P300和智力的关系研究

目的 探讨学龄儿童听觉P300与智力的关系。方法 应用日本光电大脑诱发电位仪检测儿童的听觉事件相关电位(ERP)，应用联合型瑞文测验中国第二版(CRT-C2)N韦氏儿童智力测(WISC-CR)测量儿童的智力。结果 儿童P300潜伏期和WISC-CR的操作智商（PIQ)、全量表智商(FSIQ)及常识、填图和积木分测验成绩呈显著负相关。P300波幅与IQ无显著相关。结论 P300潜伏期与儿童智力有密切关系。在探讨P300和智力关系时加大P300任务难度是十分必要的。     

高血糖、内皮素-1水平对大鼠视网膜的影响

目的 光镜下观察高糖大鼠视网膜早期形态学改变并探讨其与血糖、内皮素-1水平的关系。方法 腹腔注射四氧嘧啶复制高糖大鼠模型，应用放射免疫方法检测血浆内皮素-1水平，并用血糖测量仪测定血糖。同时观察大鼠视网膜形态学改变。结果 随着病程的延长，持续高血糖可引起大鼠血浆内皮素-1水平升高，从而使视网膜结构在病变早期即可发生形态学改变。病程4周时，光镜观察即可发现异常，病程6周时病变更加严重。结论 内皮素-1可能参与了糖尿病性视网膜病变的病理过程。在视网膜病变临床症状出现前，已有亚临床的改变。